William Huggins
Sir William Huggins
William Huggins (1905) deur John Collier
Gebore
7 Februarie 1824 Cornhill, Middlesex
Oorlede
12 Mei 1910 (op 86)Londen , Engeland
Nasionaliteit
Verenigde Koninkryk
Vakgebied
Sterrekunde
Bekend vir
astronomiese spektroskopie
Toekennings
Koninklike medalje (1866) Lalande-prys (1870) Rumford-medalje (1880) Janssen-medalje (1888) Copley-medalje (1898) Henry Draper-medalje (1901) Bruce-medalje (1904)
Sir William Huggins in 1910
Sir William Huggins (7 Februarie 1824 – 12 Mei 1910 ) was ’n Britse sterrekundige wat veral bekend was vir sy baanbrekerswerk in astronomiese spektroskopie.
Hy is in Middlesex gebore en is later getroud met Margaret Lindsay, wat sy belangstelling in die sterrekunde gedeel[ 1] en hom gehelp het in sy navorsing. Huggins het ’n privaat sterrewag in Londen gebou van waar die egpaar veral spektraallyne van verskeie hemelliggame bestudeer het. Op 29 Augustus 1864 was hy die eerste persoon wat die spektrum van ’n planetêre newel geneem het terwyl hy NGC 6543 bestudeer het.[ 2] Hy was ook die eerste persoon wat tussen newels en sterrestelsels onderskei het deur te wys dat sommige, soos die Orion-newel , suiwer emissiespektra tiperend van gas het terwyl ander, soos die Andromeda-sterrestelsel , die tipiese spektra van sterre het.
Deur die ster Sirius , wat 'n rooiverskuiwing ondergaan, in 1868 waar te neem, kon Huggins die hipotese maak dat die ster se radiale snelheid daarmee bereken kan word.[ 3]
Huggins het die Orde van Verdienstelikheid, die Orde van die Bad en verskeie ander eerbewyse en pryse verower. Hy is in 1910 oorlede.
Verwysings
↑
Becker, Barbara J., "Ch 4—1 - Margaret Huggins: The Myth of the 'able assistant'" , Eclecticism, Opportunism, and the Evolution of a New Research Agenda: William and Margaret Huggins and the Origins of Astrophysics , https://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/huggins/ch4.html
↑ Kwok, Sun (2000), "Chapter1: History and overview" , The origin and evolution of planetary nebulae , Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–7, ISBN 0-521-62313-8 , archived from the original on 2 Maart 2012, https://web.archive.org/web/20120302015504/http://books.google.com/books?id=7NfqpZxO_o0C , besoek op 12 Maart 2013
↑ Huggins, W. (1868). "Further observations on the spectra of some of the stars and nebulae, with an attempt to determine therefrom whether these bodies are moving towards or from the Earth, also observations on the spectra of the Sun and of Comet II". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . 158 : 529–564. Bibcode :1868RSPT..158..529H . doi :10.1098/rstl.1868.0022 .
Wenners van die Copley-medalje (1851–1900)
Richard Owen (1851)
Alexander von Humboldt (1852)
Heinrich Wilhelm Dove (1853)
Johannes Peter Müller (1854)
Léon Foucault (1855)
Henri Milne-Edwards (1856)
Michel Eugène Chevreul (1857)
Charles Lyell (1858)
Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1859)
Robert Bunsen (1860)
Louis Agassiz (1861)
Thomas Graham (1862)
Adam Sedgwick (1863)
Charles Darwin (1864)
Michel Chasles (1865)
Julius Plücker (1866)
Karl Ernst von Baer (1867)
Charles Wheatstone (1868)
Henri Victor Regnault (1869)
James Prescott Joule (1870)
Julius Robert von Mayer (1871)
Friedrich Wöhler (1872)
Hermann von Helmholtz (1873)
Louis Pasteur (1874)
August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1875)
Claude Bernard (1876)
James Dwight Dana (1877)
Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1878)
Rudolf Clausius (1879)
James Joseph Sylvester (1880)
Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1881)
Arthur Cayley (1882)
William Thomson (1883)
Carl Ludwig (1884)
Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz (1885)
Franz Ernst Neumann (1886)
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1887)
Thomas Henry Huxley (1888)
George Salmon (1889)
Simon Newcomb (1890)
Stanislao Cannizzaro (1891)
Rudolf Virchow (1892)
George Gabriel Stokes (1893)
Edward Frankland (1894)
Karl Weierstrass (1895)
Karl Gegenbaur (1896)
Albert von Kölliker (1897)
William Huggins (1898)
John William Strutt (1899)
Marcellin Berthelot (1900)
17de eeu
Viscount Brouncker (1662)
Joseph Williamson (1677)
Christopher Wren (1680)
John Hoskyns (1682)
Cyril Wyche (1683)
Samuel Pepys (1684)
Earl of Carbery (1686)
Earl of Pembroke (1689)
Robert Southwell (1690)
Charles Montagu (1695)
Lord Somers (1698)
18de eeu
Isaac Newton (1703)
Hans Sloane (1727)
Martin Folkes (1741)
Earl of Macclesfield (1752)
Earl of Morton (1764)
James Burrow (1768)
James West (1768)
James Burrow (1772)
John Pringle (1772)
Joseph Banks (1778)
19de eeu
William Hyde Wollaston (1820)
Humphry Davy (1820)
Davies Gilbert (1827)
Duke of Sussex (1830)
Marquess of Northampton (1838)
Earl of Rosse (1848)
Lord Wrottesley (1854)
Benjamin Collins Brodie (1858)
Edward Sabine (1861)
George Biddell Airy (1871)
Joseph Dalton Hooker (1873)
William Spottiswoode (1878)
Thomas Henry Huxley (1883)
George Gabriel Stokes (1885)
Lord Kelvin (1890)
Joseph Lister (1895)
20ste eeu
William Huggins (1900)
Lord Rayleigh (1905)
Archibald Geikie (1908)
William Crookes (1913)
J. J. Thomson (1915)
Charles Scott Sherrington (1920)
Ernest Rutherford (1925)
Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1930)
William Henry Bragg (1935)
Henry Hallett Dale (1940)
Robert Robinson (1945)
Lord Adrian (1950)
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1955)
Howard Florey (1960)
Patrick Blackett (1965)
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1970)
Lord Todd (1975)
Andrew Huxley (1980)
George Porter (1985)
Sir Michael Atiyah (1990)
Sir Aaron Klug (1995)
21ste eeu
Lord May (2000)
Lord Rees (2005)
Sir Paul Nurse (2010)
Venki Ramakrishnan (2015)
Adrian Smith (2020)
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