सूडोसाइंस


सूडोसाइंस (अंग्रेजी: pseudoscience, उच्चा. सूडोसाइंस[1] अरथ: झूठ बिग्यान चाहे झूठ विज्ञान) ओह बयान, विश्वास, आ अभ्यास के कहल जाला जे अपना के वैज्ञानिक आ तथ्यात्मक बतावे ला, लेकिन वैज्ञानिक विधि के अनुकूल ना होखे ला।[Note 1] सूडोसाइंस के अक्सर अइसन दावा सभ से चीन्हल जा सके ला जे दावा विरोधाभासी, बढ़ा-चढ़ा के बतावल गइल, अनफाल्सीफियेबल दावा होखें; ई पुष्टि पक्षपात भा कन्फर्मेशन बायस (confirmation bias) पर निर्भर होखे लें बजाय कठोर खंडन के प्रयास के; एह में दूसरका विशेषज्ञ लोग से मूल्यांकन के खुलापन के कमी होला, हाइपोथीसिस बनावे के दौरान व्यवस्थित तरीका के नामौजूदगी होला; आ झूठ वैज्ञानिक हाइपोथीसिस के प्रयोगशाला में गलत साबित होखे के बावजूद एकरा पर अटल/अड़ल रहे के आदत देखल जाला। ई "जंक साइंस" से अलगे ह।

नोट

  1. ↑ Definition:
    • "A pretended or spurious science; a collection of related beliefs about the world mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method or as having the status that scientific truths now have". Oxford English Dictionary, second edition 1989.
    • "Many writers on pseudoscience have emphasized that pseudoscience is non-science posing as science. The foremost modern classic on the subject (Gardner 1957) bears the title Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science. According to Brian Baigrie (1988, 438), '[w]hat is objectionable about these beliefs is that they masquerade as genuinely scientific ones.' These and many other authors assume that to be pseudoscientific, an activity or a teaching has to satisfy the following two criteria (Hansson 1996): (1) it is not scientific, and (2) its major proponents try to create the impression that it is scientific."[2]
    • '"claims presented so that they appear [to be] scientific even though they lack supporting evidence and plausibility" (p. 33). In contrast, science is "a set of methods designed to describe and interpret observed and inferred phenomena, past or present, and aimed at building a testable body of knowledge open to rejection or confirmation" (p. 17)'[3] (this was the definition adopted by the National Science Foundation)
    Terms regarded as having largely the same meaning but perhaps less disparaging connotations include parascience, cryptoscience, and anomalistics.[4]

संदर्भ

  1. ↑ "How to Pronounce Pseudoscience". 31 मई 2015.
  2. ↑ Hansson, Sven Ove (2008), "Science and Pseudoscience", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, Section 2: The "science" of pseudoscience, ISSN 1095-5054, archived from the original on 6 September 2008, retrieved 8 April 2009
  3. ↑ Shermer (1997).
  4. ↑ Gordin, Michael P. (2012). The Pseudoscience Wars: Immanuel Velikovsky and the Birth of the Modern Fringe. University of Chicago Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-226-30443-4.

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