Harvey J. Alter
Alter 2000. godine Harvey James Alter (rođen 12. septembra 1935.) američki je medicinski istraživač, virusolog, ljekar i dobitnik Nobelove nagrade, koji je najpoznatiji po svom radu koji je doveo do otkrića virusa hepatitisa C.[1] Alter je bivši šef odjela za zarazne bolesti i pomoćni direktor za istraživanje Odjela za transfuzijsku medicinu Kliničkog centra Warren Grant Magnuson u Nacionalnom institutu za zdravstvo (NIH) u Bethesdi, Maryland. Sredinom 1970-ih, Alter i njegov istraživački tim pokazali su da većina slučajeva post-transfuzijskog hepatitisa nije posljedica virusa hepatitisa A ili hepatitisa B. Radeći samostalno, Alter i Edward Tabor, naučnik iz američke Uprave za hranu i lijekove, istraživanjima prenosa na šimpanzama dokazali su da je novi oblik hepatitisa, u početku nazvan "ne-A, ne-B hepatitis", uzrokovao infekcije i da je uzročnik je vjerovatno bio virus. Ovaj je rad na kraju doveo do otkrića virusa hepatitisa C 1988. godine za koji je podijelio Nobelovu nagradu za fiziologiju ili medicinu 2020. godine, zajedno s Michaelom Houghtonom i Charlesom M. Riceom .[2] [3]
Nobelova nagrada za fiziologiju ili medicinu 2020: Seminalni eksperimenti HJ Altera, M Houghtona i CM Rice-a koji su doveli do otkrića HCV-a kao uzročnika ne-A, ne-B hepatitisa.
Reference
1900-te 1910-e 1920-e
1920: August Krogh
1922: Archibald Vivian Hill / Otto Fritz Meyerhof
1923: Frederick Banting / John James Richard Macleod
1924: Willem Einthoven
1926: Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger
1927: Julius Wagner-Jauregg
1928: Charles Jules Henri Nicolle
1929: Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1930-e
1930: Karl Landsteiner
1931: Otto Heinrich Warburg
1932: Charles Scott Sherrington / Edgar Douglas Adrian
1933: Thomas Hunt Morgan
1934: George Hoyt Whipple / George Richards Minot / William Parry Murphy
1935: Hans Spemann
1936: Henry Hallett Dale / Otto Loewi
1937: Albert Szent-Györgyi
1938: Corneille Heymans
1939: Gerhard Domagk
1940-e
1943: Henrik Carl Peter Dam / Edward Adelbert Doisy
1944: Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Spencer Gasser
1945: Alexander Fleming / Ernst Chain / Howard Florey
1946: Hermann Joseph Muller
1947: Carl Ferdinand Cori / Gerty Theresa Cori / Bernardo Alberto Houssay
1948: Paul Hermann Müller
1949: Walter Rudolf Hess / António Egas Moniz
1950-e
1950: Edward Calvin Kendall / Tadeus Reichstein / Philip Showalter Hench
1951: Max Theiler
1952: Selman Abraham Waksman
1953: Hans Adolf Krebs / Fritz Albert Lipmann
1954: John Franklin Enders / Thomas Huckle Weller / Frederick Chapman Robbins
1955: Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell
1956: André Frédéric Cournand / Werner Forßmann / Dickinson W. Richards
1957: Daniel Bovet
1958: George Wells Beadle / Edward Lawrie Tatum / Joshua Lederberg
1959: Severo Ochoa / Arthur Kornberg
1960-e
1960: Frank Macfarlane Burnet / Peter Brian Medawar
1961: Georg von Békésy
1962: Francis Harry Compton Crick / James Dewey Watson / Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
1963: John Carew Eccles / Alan Lloyd Hodgkin / Andrew Fielding Huxley
1964: Konrad Bloch i Feodor Lynen
1965: François Jacob / André Lwoff / Jacques Monod
1966: Peyton Rous / Charles Brenton Huggins
1967: Ragnar Granit / Haldan Keffer Hartline / George Wald
1968: Robert W. Holley / Har Gobind Khorana / Marshall W. Nirenberg
1969: Max Delbrück / Alfred D. Hershey / Salvador E. Luria
1970-e
1970: Bernard Katz / Ulf von Euler / Julius Axelrod
1971: Earl W. Sutherland Jr
1972: Gerald M. Edelman / Rodney R. Porter
1973: Karl von Frisch / Konrad Lorenz / Nikolaas Tinbergen
1974: Albert Claude / Christian de Duve / George E. Palade
1975: David Baltimore / Renato Dulbecco / Howard Martin Temin
1976: Baruch S. Blumberg / Daniel Carleton Gajdusek
1977: Roger Guillemin / Andrew V. Schally / Rosalyn Yalow
1978: Werner Arber / Daniel Nathans / Hamilton O. Smith
1979: Allan M. Cormack / Godfrey N. Hounsfield
1980-e
1980: Baruj Benacerraf / Jean Dausset / George D. Snell
1981: Roger W. Sperry / David H. Hubel / Torsten N. Wiesel
1982: Sune K. Bergström / Bengt I. Samuelsson / John R. Vane
1983: Barbara McClintock
1984: Niels K. Jerne / Georges J. F. Köhler / César Milstein
1985: Michael S. Brown / Joseph L. Goldstein
1986: Stanley Cohen / Rita Levi-Montalcini
1987: Susumu Tonegawa
1988: James W. Black / Gertrude B. Elion / George H. Hitchings
1989: J. Michael Bishop / Harold E. Varmus
1990-e
1990: Joseph E. Murray / E. Donnall Thomas
1991: Erwin Neher / Bert Sakmann
1992: Edmond H. Fischer / Edwin G. Krebs
1993: Richard J. Roberts / Phillip A. Sharp
1994: Alfred G. Gilman / Martin Rodbell
1995: Edward B. Lewis / Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard / Eric F. Wieschaus
1996: Peter C. Doherty / Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1997: Stanley B. Prusiner
1998: Robert F. Furchgott / Louis J. Ignarro / Ferid Murad
1999: Günter Blobel
2000-e
2000: Arvid Carlsson / Paul Greengard / Eric Kandel
2001: Leland H. Hartwell / R. Timothy Hunt / Paul M. Nurse
2002: Sydney Brenner / H. Robert Horvitz / John E. Sulston
2003: Paul Lauterbur / Peter Mansfield
2004: Linda B. Buck / Richard Axel
2005: Barry Marshall / Robin Warren
2006: Andrew Fire / Craig Mello
2007: Mario Capecchi / Martin Evans / Oliver Smithies
2008: Harald zur Hausen / Françoise Barré-Sinoussi / Luc Montagnier
2009: Elizabeth Blackburn / Carol W. Greider / Jack W. Szostak
2010-e 2020-e
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