Robert Woodrow Wilson
Robert Woodrow Wilson (Houston , 10. januara 1936 .) jest američki astronom,[ 1] dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za fiziku 1978 . godine, zajedno Arnom Allanom Penziasom za otkiće kosmičkog mikrovalnog pozadinskog zračenja. Nobelovu nagradu dobio je i Pjotr Leonidovič Kapitza .[ 2]
Robert Woodrow Wilson rodio se u Houstonu u Texasu , 1936 . godine. Studirao je na Univerzitetu Rice u Houstonu i na Kalifornijskom institutu tehnologije.
Robert W. Wilson i Arno A. Penzias u laboratorijima kompanije Bell u Holmdelu, SAD , radili su pokuse s velikom antenom . Izradili su prijemnu antenu u obliku roga , dugu 6 metara s vrlo osjetljivim prijemnikom, da bi razaznali slabe radiosignale s umjetnih satelita Echo 1 i Telstar. Penzias i Wilson odlučili su ispitati slabi šum koji je ometao prijem.
Prvo su pomislili kako šum potječe iz smjera Mliječnog puta . Kada su uklonili sve moguće izvore zvuka , ostao je i dalje taj šum. U početku nisu znali šta su otkrili. Nazvali su ga kosmičko mikrovalno pozadinsko zračenje. Ono je važno u vezi teorije Velikog praska .
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1954: Max Born i Walther Bothe
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1957: Chen Ning Yang i Tsung-Dao Lee
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1960-e
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1966: Alfred Kastler
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1970-e 1980-e
1980: James Watson Cronin i Val Logsdon Fitch
1981. Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur L. Schawlow i Kai Manne Siegbahn
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1988: Leon Max Lederman , Melvin Schwartz i Jack Steinberger
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1990-e
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1991: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
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1998: Robert B. Laughlin, Horst Ludwig Störmer i Daniel Chi Tsui
1999: Gerardus 't Hooft i Martinus J. G. Veltman
2000-te
2000: Žores Ivanovič Alfjorov, Herbert Kroemer i Jack S. Kilby
2001: Eric Allin Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle i Carl Edwin Wieman
2002: Raymond Davis Jr, Masatoshi Koshiba i Riccardo Giacconi
2003: Aleksej Abrikosov, Vitalij Ginzburg i Anthony James Leggett
2004: David J. Gross, Hugh David Politzer i Frank Wilczek
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2010-e 2020-e
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