Šternberk

Šternberk
Šternberk
Town
	Horní Square
	Flag Coat of arms
	Šternberk Location in the Czech Republic
	Coordinates: 49°43′50″N 17°17′56″E / 49.73056°N 17.29889°E
Country	Czech Republic
Region	Olomouc
District	Olomouc
First mentioned	1269
Government
• Mayor	Stanislav Orság (ODS)
Area
• Total	48.79 km2 (18.84 sq mi)
Elevation	268 m (879 ft)
Population (2023-01-01)
• Total	13,329
• Density	270/km2 (710/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	785 01
Website	www.sternberk.eu

Šternberk (Czech pronunciation: [ˈʃtɛrnbɛrk]; German: (Mährisch-)Sternberg) is a town in Olomouc District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 13,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Šternberk Castle. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

Administrative parts

The villages of Chabičov, Dalov, Krakořice and Těšíkov are administrative parts of Šternberk. Těšíkov forms an exclave of the municipal territory.

Geography

Šternberk is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of Olomouc. It lies on the border of two geomorphological units. Most of the municipal territory belongs to the Nízký Jeseník range, only the eastern part of the territory lies in the Upper Morava Valley. The highest point is the hill Vysoká Roudná with an elevation of 660 metres (2,170 ft). The Sitka Stream slows through the town.

History

The first written mention of Šternberk is from 1269, when the Šternberk Castle appeared in a deed of King Ottokar II of Bohemia. The castle was founded between 1253 and 1269. The town of Šternberk was first mentioned in 1296, in a deed of the Šternberk's owner, Albert of Šternberk. Although it was referred to as a town, it did not become a full-fledged town until the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries.^[2]

Albert of Šternberk colonized the town with German colonist, which led to an ethnically mixed population. The lords of Šternberk gradually expanded the dominion. The town developed mainly during the rule of Albert II of Šternberk, who had built the town walls and founded the Augustinian monastery in 1371. After the death of Petr of Šternberk in 1397, the Šternberk dominion was inherited by lords of Kravaře.^[2]

The lords of Kravaře further improved the town. During the Hussite Wars in 1430, the town was conquered by the Hussites. After the death of the last male member of the lords of Kravaře, Šternberk further changed its owners, which were the families of Kostka of Postupice (1466–1480) and Berka of Dubá (1480–1570), Dukes of Münsterberg (1570–1647), and House of Württemberg (1647–1693).^[2]

In 1633–1634, Šternberk was devastated by a plague epidemic. In the 1640s, during the Thirty Years' War, the town was conquered and looted several times by the Swedish army. After the war, the population was predominantly German. In 1693, Šternberk was acquired by the House of Liechtenstein, which owned it until 1945. New development did not occur until the second half of the 18th century. The town began to grow economically thanks to weaving.^[2]

Until 1918, Šternberk was part of Austria-Hungary, head of the district with the same name, one of the 34 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Moravia.^[3]

In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, it was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of Reichsgau Sudetenland. The German-speaking population was expelled in 1945–1946 according to the Beneš decrees and replaced by Czech settlers.^[2]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1869	15,066	—
1880	15,750	+4.5%
1890	16,917	+7.4%
1900	17,890	+5.8%
1910	17,077	−4.5%

Year	Pop.	±%
1921	16,204	−5.1%
1930	15,532	−4.1%
1950	10,652	−31.4%
1961	11,873	+11.5%
1970	13,213	+11.3%

Year	Pop.	±%
1980	13,808	+4.5%
1991	14,611	+5.8%
2001	14,144	−3.2%
2011	13,574	−4.0%
2021	13,007	−4.2%

Source: Censuses^[4]^[5]

Sport

Šternberk is known for racing track called Ecce Homo on which the eponymous hillclimbing car race is held annually. The first race was held here in 1905 and the tradition of regular Ecce Homo race began in 1921.^[6]

Sights

Šternberk Castle is the main landmark of the town. The Gothic castle was reconstructed into a modern aristocratic residence in 1886. The castle forest park was founded in 1907–1909. Today the state-owned castle is open to the public and offers sightseeing tours.^[7] The castle is protected as a national cultural monument.^[8]

The former Augustinian monastery is a valuable Baroque monument. After it was used as barracks, a German grammar school and a textile warehouse, the building was repaired and today contains museum expositions and exhibition spaces, including the gallery of painter Johann Christoph Handke.^[9]

The Church of the Annunciation was founded together with the monastery in 1371. After it burned down two times, the original Gothic church was demolished in 1775, and a new Neoclassical church was built on its site in 1775–1783. After the monastery was abolished, the church became a parish church. It contains paintings by Josef Winterhalder the Younger and Leopold Kupelwieser. The chapel is decorated by a rare ceiling painting by Johann Christoph Handke, depicting the history of Šternberk.^[10]