8M Memory Pak

Satellaview
Satellaview and Super Famicom
DeveloperNintendo R&D2
St.GIGA
ManufacturerNintendo
TypeVideo game console peripheral
GenerationFourth generation
Release date
  • JP: April 23, 1995
Discontinued
  • JP: June 30, 2000
MediaROM cartridge, Flash memory
StorageGame Pak, 8M Memory Pak
PredecessorSuper Famicom
SuccessorNintendo 64DD

The Satellaview[a] is a satellite modem peripheral produced by Nintendo for the Super Famicom in 1995. Containing 1 megabyte of ROM space and an additional 512 kB of RAM,[1] Satellaview allowed players to download games, magazines, and other media through satellite broadcasts provided by Japanese company St.GIGA. Its heavy third-party support included Squaresoft, Taito, Konami, Capcom, and Seta. To use Satellaview, players purchased a special broadcast satellite (BS) tuner directly from St.GIGA or rented one for a six-month fee. It attaches to the expansion port on the bottom of the Super Famicom.

Satellaview is the result of a collaboration between Nintendo and St.GIGA, the latter known in Japan for its "Tide of Sound" nature sound music. By 1994, St.GIGA was struggling financially due to the Japanese Recession affecting the demand for its music; Nintendo initiated a "rescue" plan by purchasing a stake in the company. Satellaview was produced by Nintendo Research & Development 2, the same team that designed the Super Famicom, and was made for a more adult-oriented market. By 1998, Nintendo's relationship with St.GIGA was beginning to collapse due to St.GIGA's refusal of a debt-management plan and failure to secure a government broadcasting license. Nintendo withdrew support for Satellaview in March 1999, with St.GIGA continuing to supply content until June 30, 2000, when it was fully discontinued.

Consumer adoption of Satellaview was complicated by the rise of technologically superior fifth-generation consoles such as the Sega Saturn, PlayStation, and Nintendo 64, and by Satellaview's high cost, especially due to its exclusive availability via mail order and specific electronic store chains. However, St.GIGA reported more than 100,000 subscribers by March 1997. Retrospectively, Satellaview has been praised by critics for its technological accomplishments and its overall library quality, particularly of the Legend of Zelda series. In recent years, it has gained a strong cult following due to much of its content being deemed lost media, with video game preservation groups recovering and hosting its games and other services online.

History

Founded in early 1990, St.GIGA was a satellite radio subsidiary of the Japanese satellite television company WOWOW, Inc, based in Akasaka, Tokyo.[2] Credited as the world's first digital satellite radio station,[3] it was maintained by Hiroshi Yokoi and best known for its "Tide of Sound" broadcasts, which were high-quality digital recordings of nature sounds accompanied by a spoken word narrator known as the "Voice".[4] The company was initially a success, and is recognized for its innovative concept and nonstandard methodology. It later began releasing albums featuring its own music as well as foreign music such as Hearts of Space and various compositions by Deep Forest, and various pieces of merchandise such as program guides and "sound calendars".[5] By 1994, St.GIGA struggled financially due to the Japanese Recession reducing consumer spending on ambient music and satellite systems.[3][6] Nintendo purchased a 19.5% stake in St.GIGA in May, as a way to "rescue" the company and help to successfully restructure it.[2][3]

Satellaview development began shortly after the acquisition, reportedly in production alongside the Virtual Boy and Nintendo 64.[1] While Nintendo was producing the peripheral, St.GIGA revamped its broadcasting schedule to include a new programming block, the "Super Famicom Hour" providing gameplay tips and news for Nintendo's upcoming Super Famicom games.[3] St.GIGA would provide the necessary satellite and broadcasting services, and host many of its older music and Tide of Sound broadcasts, and Nintendo and other third-party developers would create games and other content for the service.[3] Nintendo stressed to video game publications that much of Satellaview's content, specifically St.GIGA broadcasts, were primarily for adults, with video games constituting only a small portion of airtime.[1]

A standalone Satellaview device

Nintendo officially announced Satellaview on December 21, 1994, at a retail price of ¥14,000, or US$150 (equivalent to $310 in 2023).[7] Several third-party developers, such as Capcom, Taito, Konami, Seta, and Squaresoft, then announced plans to produce Satellaview games.[7] The peripheral was designed by Nintendo Research & Development 2, the same team that had designed the Super Famicom.[8] Though Nintendo was in a slump due to falling Super Famicom game sales and the Virtual Boy's failure, its management remained confident in Satellaview's success and would help calm any consumer concerns; company president Hiroshi Yamauchi expected to sell roughly 2 million Satellaview units each year.[3][1] Pre-orders were available beginning February 25, 1995.[3] Broadcasting services for Satellaview launched on April 1, and the peripheral was released on April 23.[9] It was only sold via mail order, instead of being released into stores.[1]

Satellaview was never released outside Japan, which some publications cited as being due to expensive costs of digital satellite broadcasting, and due to a supposed lack of appeal to American consumers.[10] When the service first launched, St.GIGA had a number of issues regarding broadcasting video games and video game-related services through the Satellaview service, such as legal issues with other companies and technical restraints of the time.[11] In June 1996, Nintendo announced a potential partnership with Microsoft to release a similar service for Windows, which would combine St.GIGA's broadcasting services with dial-up Internet; this was never launched.[12] By March 1997, St.GIGA reported that Satellaview had 116,378 active users.[13]

By mid 1998, Nintendo's relationship with St.GIGA began to deteriorate. St.GIGA refused a debt-management plan created by Nintendo to reduce the firm's capital, though having ¥8.8 billion in debt, and had also failed to apply for a government digital satellite broadcasting license by a deadline.[14] This led to Nintendo halting all production of new games and content for the peripheral beginning March 1999, and to cancel content and services via a new BS-4 satellite.[2][14] St.GIGA continued to supply content for Satellaview, broadcasting reruns of older content and making the service only for video games.[6] Satellaview was fully discontinued on June 30, 2000, due to a severe lack of outside support and a dwindling player base, dropping by nearly 60% from its peak in 1997 to about 46,000 active subscribers.[2] One year later, St.GIGA declared bankruptcy and merged with Japanese media company WireBee, Inc.[15]

Technical specifications

A diagram of Satellaview operation

A Satellaview device attaches to the expansion port on bottom of a Super Famicom, similar to the 64DD or the Sega CD. Its power transfer bracket supplies the Super Famicom.[1] The peripheral expands the Super Famicom with 1 MB of ROM space and 512 kB of RAM.[1] A Satellaview device is packaged with a custom four-way AC adapter and AV selector, connecting the console to the required BS tuner.[1] Game and broadcast information is stored on 8 MB memory packs, inserted into the top of a special application cartridge.[16] These memory packs can be rewritten with new content, including by certain Super Famicom games, such as RPG Maker 2.[16] A vintage user purchased (or rented for six months at ¥5,400)[17] a BS tuner from St.GIGA,[16] paid monthly fees to St.GIGA and Nintendo,[16] and bought a satellite dish.[1]

The requisite system cartridge, titled BS-X: Sore wa Namae o Nusumareta Machi no Monogatari (commonly translated as BS-X: The Town Whose Name Was Stolen), serves as both an interactive menu system and as its own game.[16][10] The game features an EarthBound-like hub world, based on buildings representing each of Satellaview's services.[16] Players can create a custom avatar, purchase items found in stores scattered across the map, play minigames, read announcements by St.GIGA and Nintendo, and participate in contests.[10][16] The cartridge increases the Super Famicom's hardware performance with extra RAM.[16]

Games and services

See also: List of Satellaview broadcasts § Broadcast game list
Winners of Satellaview competitions were awarded special prizes, such as Bemani Pocket games.

A total of 114 games were released for Satellaview; some are remakes or updates of older Family Computer and Super Famicom games, and others were created specifically for the service.[10] Nintendo's popular franchises include Kirby, F-Zero, Fire Emblem, The Legend of Zelda, and Super Mario Bros.[6] Nintendo's original games include Sutte Hakkun.[18] EarthBound creator Shigesato Itoi designed a fishing game called Itoi Shigesato no Bass Tsuri No. 1.[10] The previously unreleased Special Tee Shot, later reworked into Kirby's Dream Course, was released.[19] Third-party games include Squaresoft's Radical Dreamers and Treasure Conflix, Pack-In-Video's Harvest Moon, Chunsoft's Shiren the Wanderer, Jaleco's Super Earth Defense Force, and ASCII's Derby Stallion '96.[6] Soundlink games were broadcast with live voice acting by radio personalities and commentators.[20] Unlike other Satellaview games, SoundLink games could only be played on a live schedule.[20] Nintendo often held tournaments for certain games, such as Wario's Woods, that allowed players to compete for prizes.[6]

Alongside games, Satellaview subscribers could access many other different services. Free magazines included video game publications like Famitsu and Nintendo Power and general Japanese publications focusing on news, music, or celebrity interviews.[21][22] Soundlink magazines included commentary, often by popular Japanese personalities, such as Bakushō Mondai and All Night Nippon.[6] St.GIGA broadcasts included "Tide of Sound" nature ambiance and other music.[21] A special newsletter by both St.GIGA and Nintendo included service updates such as contests and upcoming events.[21]

Reception and legacy

Though having amassed a larger playerbase, and being widely-successful for St.GIGA, Nintendo viewed Satellaview as a commercial failure.[6] The rise of technologically superior consoles such as Sega Saturn, PlayStation, and Nintendo 64, made consumers reluctant to purchase Satellaview, especially due to its exclusive availability via mail order delivery or specific electronic stores.[6]

Retrospective feedback on Satellaview has been positive. Retro Gamer magazine applauded the peripheral for its technological achievements, providing an early form of online gaming years before the advent of services such as Xbox Live.[10] It commended the overall quality of the game library, citing the definitive BS Legend of Zelda series.[10] Nintendo World Report liked its uniqueness which will likely never be replicated on modern video game consoles, and its library of games and services.[16] Shacknews listed it among Nintendo's most innovative products for its technological accomplishments and pioneering of online gaming.[23] Kill Screen labeled Satellaview as "perhaps one of the most crucial early experiments in combining games with storytelling", specifically the Soundlink games and voice acting.[24] They were disappointed at the loss of the entire Soundlink live content library upon discontinuation.[24] Video Games Chronicle called it "an impressive and ingenious idea for the time, and an innovation that we see to a lesser degree now in terms of interactive television and episodic game installments from modern studios".[20]

In 1999, Nintendo released a spiritual successor to Satellaview for Nintendo 64, the 64DD and its Randnet Internet service.[10] Originally announced in 1995, a year prior to console launch,[25] Randnet had many similar features, such as a Nintendo newsletter and online gaming,[26] plus chat and email.[27] Nintendo attempted to have St.GIGA transition from Satellaview to the 64DD, however, when St.GIGA refused, Nintendo instead partnered with Japanese media company Recruit to form Randnet.[6] The 64DD was a commercial failure.[28]

Satellaview has a large cult following since the late 2000s due to most of its content having been lost after the service was closed. Many video game preservationists and Nintendo fans have searched for memory packs to recover game data and preserve it online.[29] Fans have created custom private servers that work with the official BS-X application cartridge, and translated certain games such as those from the Legend of Zelda series.[30][31] In retrospective years, publications have raised concerns about the permanent loss of much Satellaview content, specifically live audio from Soundlink games and digital newsletters.[10][20][24][32]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese: サテラビュー, Hepburn: Saterabyū

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Nintendo aims high with "Satellaview"". Next Generation. No. 5. Imagine Publishing. May 1995. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d "BSラジオ放送のセント・ギガ、民事再生法申請". Nikkei News Media. Nikkei, Inc. Archived from the original on 26 July 2001. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g McClure, Steve (23 July 1994). "Japan's St. Giga to Broadcast Nintendo Games". Billboard-Hollywood Media Group. Billboard. pp. 78–84. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  4. ^ Toop, David & Réveillon, Arnaud. Ocean of Sound: ambient music, mondes imaginaires et voix de l'éther. Editions Kargo. Pp. 164-5. 2000. ISBN 2-84162-048-4
  5. ^ "セント・ギガ ギャラリー". St.GIGA. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kemps, Heidi (9 September 2015). "Nintendo's Forgotten Console". Vice. Vice Media. Archived from the original on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  7. ^ a b Special K (1 March 1995). "Japan News Network". Vol. 3, no. 3. International Data Group. GameFan. pp. 114–115. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  8. ^ Mago, Zdenko (April 5, 2018). "The "Father" Of the Nintendo Entertainment SystemIn Slovakia for The First Time - Interview With Masayuki Uemura" (PDF). Acta Ludogica. Vol. 1. pp. 52–54. Due to the growing demand for development, he was in charge of the management of the Research & Development 2 Division in which they worked on the development of several hardware devices such as games for colour televisions, Nintendo Family Computer (Famicom), Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), Super Nintendo Entertainment System or BS-X Satellaview.
  9. ^ "Virtual Boy: Nintendo names the day". Next Generation. No. 8. Imagine Publishing. August 1995. p. 18. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Obscura Machinia #5 - Satellaview". Retro Gamer. No. 87. United Kingdom: Future plc. March 2011. pp. 82–83. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  11. ^ "ファミ通エクスプレス 任天堂が衛星放送事業に参入 ゲームライフの未来が変わる". Vol. 9, no. 8. ASCII Corporation. Famitsu. 26 February 1993. p. 9.
  12. ^ Hiroe (26 June 1996). "衛星データ放送と パソコン・インターネットを統合". PC Watch. Impress Group. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  13. ^ "セント・ギガの歴史". St.GIGA. Archived from the original on 11 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  14. ^ a b "Nintendo Drops Satellite Plan, Video-Game Company Halts Plan To Deliver Games Directly To Homes". CNN. WarnerMedia. 21 August 1998. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  15. ^ "St.GIGA，民事再生手続きが終了，ディジタルBS放送専業で再出発". Nikkei News Media. Nikkei, Inc. 10 June 2002. Archived from the original on 19 June 2002. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i Bivens, Danny (27 October 2011). "Satellaview - Nintendo's Expansion Ports". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  17. ^ "セント・ギガ ギャラリー ● デコーダー". Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2009.
  18. ^ Lopes, Gonçalo (12 November 2017). "Super Famicom Exclusive Sutte Hakkun Gets Translated Into English". Nintendo Life. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  19. ^ Lopes, Gonçalo (17 June 2019). "A Forgotten (And Kirby-Free) HAL SNES Title Has Been Preserved For The Ages". Nintendo Life. Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  20. ^ a b c d Vincent, Brittany (15 May 2019). "What Becomes Of Unplayable Games?". Video Games Chronicle. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  21. ^ a b c 懐かしスーパーファミコン パーフェクトガイド. QBQ, Inc. 21 September 2016. pp. 114–115. ISBN 9784866400082. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  22. ^ Knezevic, Kevin (13 May 2017). "New Super Nintendo Game Coming Out In Japan". GameSpot. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  23. ^ Shack Staff (29 July 2016). "Shack Ten: Nintendo's Most Innovative Products". Shacknews. Archived from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  24. ^ a b c Campana, Andrew (26 September 2016). "The Neglected History Of Videogames For The Blind". Kill Screen. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  25. ^ "Nintendo's Lincoln Speaks Out on the Ultra 64!". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 78. Sendai Publishing. January 1996. pp. 74–75.
  26. ^ "Inside Randnet". IGN. 27 August 1999. Archived from the original on January 5, 2002. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  27. ^ Schneider, Peer (February 9, 2001). "Everything About the 64DD". IGN. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  28. ^ Miyamoto, Shigeru; Itoi, Shigesato (December 1997). "A friendly discussion between the "Big 2" (translated text)". The 64 Dream. p. 91. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  29. ^ Wawro, Alex (8 November 2016). "Preservationists find and acquire rare Kirby Satellaview games". Gamasutra. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  30. ^ Lopes, Gonçalo (7 July 2016). "Japan-Exclusive Satellaview Zelda Game Gets Translated And Dubbed Into English". Nintendo Life. Archived from the original on 15 June 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  31. ^ Alexandra, Heather (18 October 2016). "Fans Translate Rare Japanese Zelda Game, Now Everyone Can Play It". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  32. ^ Linneman, John (26 January 2020). "Cooly Skunk: how a lost Super NES game was miraculously recovered via satellite download". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Retrieved 29 January 2020.