Apple M2

Apple M2
Apple M2 Pro
Apple M2 Max
Apple M2 Ultra
The icon for the Apple M2 ARM-based system on a chip used by Apple Inc. in its software, advertising et cetera.
General information
LaunchedM2: June 24, 2022
M2 Pro and Max: January 17, 2023
M2 Ultra: June 13, 2023[1]
Designed byApple Inc.
Common manufacturer(s)
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate3.49 GHz[citation needed]
Cache
L1 cachePerformance cores
192+128 KB per core
Efficiency cores
128+64 KB per core
L2 cachePerformance cores
M2: 16 MB
M2 Pro and M2 Max: 32 MB
M2 Ultra: 64 MB

Efficiency cores
M2, M2 Pro, M2 Max: 4 MB
M2 Ultra: 8 MB
Last level cacheM2: 8 MB
M2 Pro: 24 MB
M2 Max: 48 MB
M2 Ultra: 96 MB
Architecture and classification
ApplicationM2: Notebook (MacBook family), tablet (iPad Pro), desktop (Mac Mini), mixed reality headset (Vision Pro)[2]
M2 Pro: Notebook (MacBook Pro), desktop (Mac mini)
M2 Max: Notebook (MacBook Pro), desktop (Mac Studio)
M2 Ultra: Desktop (Mac Studio, Mac Pro)
Technology node5 nm (N5P)
Microarchitecture"Avalanche" and "Blizzard"
Instruction setARMv8.5-A[citation needed]
Physical specifications
Transistors
  • M2: 20 billion
    M2 Pro: 40 billion
    M2 Max: 67 billion
    M2 Ultra: 134 billion
Cores
  • M2: 8 (4× high-performance + 4× high-efficiency)
    M2 Pro: 10 or 12 (6× or 8× high-performance + 4× high-efficiency)
    M2 Max: 12 (8× high-performance + 4× high-efficiency)
    M2 Ultra: 24 (16× high-performance + 8× high-efficiency)
GPU(s)Apple-designed integrated graphics
M2: 8 or 10 core GPU
M2 Pro: 16 or 19 core GPU
M2 Max: 30 or 38 core GPU
M2 Ultra: 60 or 76 core GPU
Products, models, variants
Variant(s)
History
Predecessor(s)Apple M1
Mac transition to
Apple silicon
Processor designed by Apple (M1)

Apple M2 is a series of ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc. as a central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) for its Mac desktops and notebooks, and the iPad Pro tablet. It is the second generation of ARM architecture intended for Apple's Mac computers after switching from Intel Core to Apple silicon, succeeding the M1. Apple announced the M2 on June 6, 2022, at WWDC, along with models of the MacBook Air and the 13-inch MacBook Pro using the M2. The M2 is made with TSMC's "Enhanced 5-nanometer technology" N5P process and contains 20 billion transistors, a 25% increase from the M1. Apple claims CPU improvements up to 18% and GPU improvements up to 35% compared to the M1.[3]

The M2 was followed by the professional-focused M2 Pro and M2 Max chips in January 2023. The M2 Max is a higher-powered version of the M2 Pro, with more GPU cores and memory bandwidth, and a larger die size.[4] Apple introduced the M2 Ultra in June 2023, combining two M2 Max chips in one package.[1]

Design

CPU

The M2 has four high-performance "Avalanche" and four energy-efficient "Blizzard" cores, first seen in the A15 Bionic, providing a hybrid configuration similar to ARM DynamIQ, as well as Intel's Alder Lake and Raptor Lake processors. The high-performance cores have 192 KB of L1 instruction cache and 128 KB of L1 data cache and share a 16 MB L2 cache;[5] the energy-efficient cores have a 128 KB L1 instruction cache, 64 KB L1 data cache, and a shared 4 MB L2 cache. It also has an 8 MB system level cache shared by the GPU. The M2 Pro has 10 or 12 CPU cores, and the M2 Max has 12.

GPU

The M2 integrates an Apple designed ten-core (eight in some base models) graphics processing unit (GPU). Each GPU core is split into 16 execution units, which each contain eight arithmetic logic units (ALUs). In total, the M2 GPU contains up to 160 execution units or 1280 ALUs, which have a maximum floating point (FP32) performance of 3.6 TFLOPs.

The M2 Pro integrates a 19-core (16 in some base models) GPU, while the M2 Max integrates a 38-core (30 in some base models) GPU. In total, the M2 Max GPU contains up to 608 execution units or 4864 ALUs, which have a maximum floating point (FP32) performance of 13.6 TFLOPS.

The M2 Ultra features a 60- or 76-core GPU with up to 9728 ALUs and 27.2 TFLOPS of FP32 performance.

Memory

The M2 uses 6,400 MT/s LPDDR5 SDRAM in a unified memory configuration shared by all the components of the processor. The SoC and RAM chips are mounted together in a system-in-a-package design. 8 GB, 16 GB and 24 GB configurations are available. It has a 128-bit memory bus with 100 GB/s bandwidth, and the M2 Pro, M2 Max, and M2 Ultra have approximately 200 GB/s, 400 GB/s, and 800 GB/s respectively.[6]

Other features

The M2 contains dedicated neural network hardware in a 16-core Neural Engine capable of executing 15.8 trillion operations per second. Other components include an image signal processor, a PCIe storage controller, a Secure Enclave, and a USB4 controller that includes Thunderbolt 3 (Thunderbolt 4 on Mac mini) support. The M2 Pro and Max support Thunderbolt 4.

Supported codecs on the M2 include 8K H.264, 8K H.265 (8/10bit, up to 4:4:4), 8K Apple ProRes, VP9, and JPEG.

Products that use the Apple M2 series

M2

M2 Pro

M2 Max

M2 Ultra

Variants

The table below shows the various SoCs based on the "Avalanche" and "Blizzard" microarchitectures.[7]

Variant CPU

cores (P+E)*

GPU
cores 		GPU
EU 		Graphics
ALU 		Neural Engine

cores

Memory (GB) Transistor
count
A15 Bionic 5 (2+3) 5 80 640 16 4 15 billion
6 (2+4) 4 64 512 16 4
5 80 640 16 4-6
M2 8 (4+4) 8 128 1024 16 8–24 20 billion
10 160 1280 16
M2 Pro 10 (6+4) 16 256 2048 16 16–32 40 billion
12 (8+4)
19 304 2432 16
M2 Max 12 (8+4) 30 480 3840 16 32–96 67 billion
38 608 4864 16
M2 Ultra 24 (16+8) 60 960 7680 32 64–192 134 billion
76 1216 9728 32

* (Performance + Power efficiency)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Apple introduces M2 Ultra". Apple. June 5, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Apple Vision Pro is Apple's new $3,499 AR headset". The Verge. June 5, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  3. ^ "Apple unveils M2, taking the breakthrough performance and capabilities of M1 even further" (Press release). Apple. June 6, 2022. Archived from the original on June 10, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.
  4. ^ "Apple unveils MacBook Pro featuring M2 Pro and M2 Max". Apple Newsroom (Press release). Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  5. ^ "Apple Announces M2 SoC: Apple Silicon for Macs Updated for 2022". AnandTech. June 6, 2022. Archived from the original on November 10, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d "Apple unveils new Mac Studio and brings Apple silicon to Mac Pro". Apple. June 5, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  7. ^ "Apple M2 Chip: Everything You Need to Know". MacRumors. Retrieved July 30, 2022.