Berothidae

Berothidae
Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Recent
Spermophorella sp.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Neuroptera
Clade: Euneuroptera
Superfamily: Mantispoidea
Family: Berothidae
Handlirsch, 1906
Subfamilies
  • See text

The Berothidae are a family of winged insects of the order Neuroptera. They are known commonly as the beaded lacewings.[1] The family was first named by Anton Handlirsch in 1906.[2] The family consists of 24 genera and 110 living species distributed discontinuously worldwide, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions.[3] Numerous extinct species have also been described. Their ecology is poorly known, but in the species where larval stages have been documented, the larvae are predators of termites.[4]

Systematics

Typical posture in life

A considerable fossil diversity of beaded lacewings is known from the Late Jurassic onwards, containing numerous genera which are likewise basal or incertae sedis.

Subfamily Berothimerobiinae
  • Berothimerobius Monserrat & Deretsky, 1999
Subfamily Berothinae
  • Asadeteva Aspöck & Aspöck, 1981
  • Barrowiella Smithers, 1984
  • Berlekrumyia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1988
  • Berotha Walker, 1860
  • †Elektroberotha Makarkin & Ohl 2015 Eocene (Lutetian); Baltic amber, northern Europe
  • Isoscelipteron Costa, 1863
  • Lekrugeria Navás, 1929
  • Lomamyia Banks, 1904
  • Nodalla Navás, 1926
  • Podallea Navás, 1936
  • Quasispermophorella Aspöck & Aspöck, 1986
  • Spermophorella Tillyard, 1916
  • Spiroberotha Adams, 1990
  • Stenobiella Tillyard, 1916
  • †Xenoberotha Makarkin 2017 Green River Formation, United States, Eocene
Subfamily Cyrenoberothinae[5]
  • †Aggregataberotha Wang et al., 2023 (Cenomanian, Burmese amber, Myanmar)
  • †Araripeberotha Martins-Neto & Vulcano 1990 Cretaceous (Aptian); Crato Formation, Brazil
  • †Caririberotha Martins-Neto & Vulcano 1990 Cretaceous (Aptian); Crato Formation, Brazil
  • Cyrenoberotha MacLeod & Adams, 1968
  • Manselliberotha Aspöck & Aspöck, 1988
  • †Microberotha Archibald & Makarkin 2004 (Eocene (Ypresian), Hat Creek amber, Canada)[2]
  • Ormiscocerus Blanchard, 1851
  • †Protoberotha Huang et al., 2019 (Cenomanian, Burmese amber, Myanmar)[6]
  • †Sibelliberotha Azar & Nel 2013 (Barremian, Lebanese amber)
  • Speleoberotha Machado et al., 2022[5]
Subfamily †Mesithoninae Panfilov, 1980
  • †Mesithone Panfilov 1980 Callovian/Oxfordian; Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan; Aptian; Zaza Formation, Turga Formation, Russia
  • †Oloberotha Ren & Guo 1996 Aptian; Yixian Formation, China
Subfamily Nosybinae
  • †Banoberotha Whalley 1980 Cretaceous (Barremian); Lebanese amber, Lebanon
  • Naizema Navás, 1919
  • Nosybus Navás, 1910
  • Tanzanberotha Aspöck & Hynd, 1995
Subfamily Nyrminae
  • Nyrma Navás, 1933
Subfamily Protobiellinae
  • Austroberothella Aspöck & Aspöck, 1985
  • Protobiella Tillyard, 1923
Subfamily Trichomatinae
  • Trichoberotha Handschin, 1935
  • Trichoma Tillyard, 1916
Subfamily Incertae sedis
  • †Ansoberotha Yang et al., 2019 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Berothone Khramov 2015 Callovian/Oxfordian; Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan
  • †Cantabroberotha Pérez-de la Fuente et al., 2021 Cretaceous (Albian); Spanish amber, Spain
  • †Cornoberotha Yang et al., 2019 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Dasyberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Epimesoberotha Jepson et al., 2012 Cretaceous (Berriasian); Lulworth Formation, United Kingdom
  • †Ethiroberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Haploberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Iceloberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Jersiberotha Grimaldi 2000 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar; Cretaceous (Turonian); New Jersey amber, United States
  • †Krokhathone Khramov 2015 Jurassic (Callovian/Oxfordian); Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan
  • †Maculaberotha Yuan et al., 2016 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Magniberotha Yuan et al., 2016 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Nascimberotha Grimaldi 2000 Turonian; New Jersey amber, United States
  • †Plesiorobius Klimaszewski & Kevan, 1986 Cretaceous (Campanian); Canadian amber, Canada; Campanian; Taymyr amber, Russia; Cenomanian, unknown formation, Russia
  • †Proberotha Krüger, 1923 Lutetian, Baltic Amber, northern Europe
  • †Osmyloberotha Khramov 2021 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Sinosmylites Hong 1983 Daohugou, Haifanggou Formation, China, Callovian, Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian, Ulaan-Ereg Formation, Mongolia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
  • †Systenoberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Telistoberotha Engel & Grimaldi 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Xiaoberotha Shi et al., 2019 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar

Formerly included taxa

Subfamily Paraberothinae (now included in Rhachiberothidae)

  • †Acanthoberotha Nakamine et al., 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Alboberotha Nel et al., 2005 Cretaceous (Albian); Charentense amber, France
  • †Astioberotha Nakamine et al., 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Chimerhachiberotha Nel et al., 2005 Barremian; Lebanese amber, Lebanon
  • †Creagroparaberotha Makarkin, 2015 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †EorhachiberothaEngel, 2004 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Kujiberotha Nakamine & Yamamoto, 2018 Cretaceous (Santonian); Kuji amber, Japan
  • †Micromantispa Shi et al., 2015 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Paraberotha Whalley, 1980 Barremian; Lebanese amber, Lebanon
  • †Pseudosisyra Makarkin, 1999 Aptian; Zaza Formation, Russia
  • †Raptorapax Petrulevicius et al., 2010 Barremian; Lebanese amber, Lebanon
  • †Retinoberotha Schlüter, 1978 Cenomanian; Bezonnais amber, France,
  • †Rhachibermissa Grimaldi, 2000 Turonian; New Jersey amber, United States
  • †Scoloberotha Engel & Grimaldi, 2008 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Spinoberotha Nel et al., 2005 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Stygioberotha Nakamine et al, 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar
  • †Uranoberotha Nakamine et al, 2020 Cenomanian; Burmese amber, Myanmar

References

  1. ^ Winterton, Shaun L. (2010). "A new species of Stenobiella Tillyard (Neuroptera, Berothidae) from Australia". ZooKeys (64): 1–8. doi:10.3897/zookeys.64.403. PMC 3088400. PMID 21594021.
  2. ^ a b Archibald, S.B.; Makarkin, V.N. (2004). "New genus of minute Berothidae (Neuroptera) from Early Eocene amber of British Columbia". The Canadian Entomologist. 136 (1): 61–76. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.552.2285. doi:10.4039/n03-043. S2CID 36459014.
  3. ^ Aspöck, Ulrike; Randolf, Susanne (2 December 2014). "Beaded lacewings – a pictorial identification key to the genera, their biogeographics and a phylogentic analysis (Insecta: Neuroptera: Berothidae)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 61 (2): 155–172. doi:10.3897/dez.61.8850 – via Pensoft.
  4. ^ Engel, Michael S.; Winterton, Shaun L.; Breitkreuz, Laura C. V. (2018-01-07). "Phylogeny and Evolution of Neuropterida: Where Have Wings of Lace Taken Us?". Annual Review of Entomology. 63: 531–551. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043127. ISSN 1545-4487. PMID 29324039.
  5. ^ a b Machado, R. J. P.; Martins, C. C.; Aspöck, H.; De Miranda Tavares, L. G.; Aspöck, U. (2022). "The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 195 (4): 1422–1444. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104.
  6. ^ Huang, S.; Ren, D.; Wang, Y. (2019). "A new basal beaded lacewing (Neuroptera: Berothidae) from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber". Cretaceous Research. 95: 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.025.