Elwood Henneman

Elwood Henneman (1915 – 22 February 1996) was an American neurophysiologist who studied the properties of vertebrate motor neurons.

Biography and Research

Henneman received his bachelor's degree from Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1937. In 1943 he finished his medical studies at McGill University in Montreal. During a research fellowship at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, Henneman and colleague, Vernon Mountcastle, showed that tactile information about the extremities is represented in an orderly map in the ventrolateral thalamus of the cat[1] and monkey.[2] Further research positions followed, including at the Royal Victorian Hospital and at the Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI) in Chicago. At NPI, Henneman discovered that the drug Mephenesin (Myensin) inhibits interneurons in the spinal cord and thus causes muscle relaxation.[3] This discovery helped lead to the development of muscle relaxant drugs.

Of greater impact for the scientific community was Henneman's work describing the physiology of motor neurons, the neurons that control contraction of the muscles. In 1957, Henneman published experimental results that showed that motor neurons that project to the same muscle are recruited on the basis of their size.[4] Henneman's Size Principle describes this relationship.

In 1971, Henneman became chair of the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School, a position he held until his retirement in 1984.

Awards and honors

In 1997, Henneman was posthumously elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Death

Elwood Henneman passed away in 1996 at age 80, of heart failure.

Literature

Hans Peter Clamann: Elwood Henneman and the Size Principle. Journal of the history of the neurosciences. Vol. 11, no. 4 (Dec. 2002) p. 420–421.

References

  1. ^ Mountcastle, Vernon; Henneman, Elwood (March 1949). "Pattern of tactile representation in thalamus of cat". J. Neurophysiol. 12 (2): 85–100. doi:10.1152/jn.1949.12.2.85. PMID 18114363.
  2. ^ Mountcastle, Vernon; Henneman, Elwood (December 1952). "The representation of tactile sensibility in the thalamus of the monkey". J. Comp. Neurol. 97 (3): 409–39. doi:10.1002/cne.900970302. PMID 13034929.
  3. ^ Henneman, Elwood (November 1949). "The effect of alpha,beta-dihydrosy-gamma-(2 methylphenoxy) propane (myanesin, tolserol) on experimental spasticity in cats". J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 97 (3): 342–8. PMID 15392556.
  4. ^ Henneman, Elwood (27 December 1957). "Relation between size of neurons and their susceptibility to discharge". Science. 126 (3287): 1345–7. Bibcode:1957Sci...126.1345H. doi:10.1126/science.126.3287.1345. PMID 13495469.