Five-Pavilion Bridge
Five-Pavilion Bridge 五亭桥 | |
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| Coordinates | 32°24′35″N 119°24′58″E / 32.40974°N 119.41617°E |
| Crosses | Slender West Lake |
| Locale | Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China |
| Other name(s) | Lotus Blossom Bridge |
| Heritage status | Nationally-Protected Cultural Heritage Site |
| Characteristics | |
| Material | Stone |
| Total length | 55 m (180 ft) |
| History | |
| Opened | 1757 |
| Location | |
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| Five-Pavilion Bridge | |||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 五亭橋 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 五亭桥 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Five-Pavilion Bridge | ||||||||
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| Lotus Bridge | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 蓮花橋 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 莲花桥 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Lotus Blossom Bridge | ||||||||
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The Five-Pavilion Bridge, also known as the Lotus Bridge and by other names, is a covered stone arch footbridge in the Slender West Lake National Park in Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, in Jiangsu, China. It is one of the Four Bridges in Misty Rain, one of the 24 Views of Yangzhou under the Qing, and has become a landmark of the city.
Names
"Five-Pavilion Bridge" is a calque of one of the bridge's Chinese names, written 五亭橋 in traditional characters and 五亭桥. From the pinyin romanization of the name's Mandarin pronunciation Wǔtíng Qiáo, it is also sometimes known as the Wuting Bridge. Similarly, "Lotus Bridge" or "Lotus Blossom Bridge" is a calque of the bridge's original Chinese name[1] 蓮花橋 or 莲花桥, Liánhuā Qiáo, either named for the Lotus Blossom Dyke that the bridge connects to on its southern side[2] or for a supposed resemblance of its pavilions to the petals of a lotus flower.[3]
History
The bridge was constructed in 1757[4] (Qianlong 22), connecting the residences on the north bank of the lake to the back of the Temple of the Lotus Mind to the south.[3] Its construction was funded by local salt merchants to welcome the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty during his second southern tour of Jiangnan.[5][2] The bridge self-consciously mirrored the Five Dragon Pavilions in Beijing, combining with the earlier White Dagoba at the Lianxing Temple to emulate the capital's Beihai Park.[5] Although representative of a Qing style of covered bridges variously known as "corridor bridges", "rain and wind bridges", and "pavilion bridges",[2] it was still listed by the famed Chinese structural engineer Mao Yisheng as China's "most elegant and artistic bridge".[4]
The bridge was greatly damaged during fighting between the Taiping and Qing armies[6] over the course of 1853,[7] with the pavilions entirely destroyed. They were subsequently repaired by the end of the Qing,[6][8] but only three of the five pavilions remained standing in 1929.[9] The bridge was later renovated in 1933, 1951–1953,[10] 1956, and 1982.[11] As the "Lotus Bridge", the Five-Pavilion Bridge was inscribed along with the nearby White Dagoba as the 533rd Major Cultural Heritage Site under National-Level Protection added during the 6th round of nominations on 25 May 2006.[12]
Structure
The bridge is 55.3 meters (181 ft) long.[3] It rests on 12 granite bases of various sizes, supporting 15 arches in three styles. The largest arch has a span of 7 meters (23 ft). The largest central pavilion is connected to the four smaller pavilions at each corner by covered walkways.[2] The present pavilions rise on scarlet pillars and are covered with imperial yellow tiles.[13]
See also
- List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu
- List of bridges in China
- List of bridges with buildings
References
Citations
- ^ Finnane (2004), p. 194.
- ^ a b c d Chen & al. (2022), p. 389.
- ^ a b c Knapp (2012), p. 190.
- ^ a b "Five-Pavilion Bridge", Official site, Yangzhou: Slender West Lake Scenic Spot, 2023.
- ^ a b Olivová (2009), p. 9.
- ^ a b Chen & al. (1986), p. 23.
- ^ Meyer-Fong (2009), p. 41–2.
- ^ Olivová (2009), p. 17.
- ^ Snow & al. (1929), p. 568.
- ^ Knapp (2012), p. 194.
- ^ Danielson, Eric N. (26 January 2012), "Yangzhou Historic Sites Index", The Long River.
- ^ State Council (2006).
- ^ Knapp (2012), p. 191.
Bibliography
- "国务院关于核定并公布第六批全国 重点文物保护单位的通知 (6th Batch)", Official site (in Chinese), Beijing: State Council of the People's Republic of China, 25 May 2006.
- Chen Lifang; et al. (1986), The Garden Art of China, Portland: Timber Press.
- Chen Shouxiang; et al. (2022), "Architecture of the Qing Dynasty", A General History of Chinese Art, vol. VI, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 361–397, ISBN 978-3-11-079093-1.
- Finnane, Antonia (2004), Speaking of Yangzhou: A Chinese City, 1550–1850, Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, ISBN 978-0674013926.
- Knapp, Ronald G. (2012), "Wuting Bridge", Chinese Bridges: Living Architecture from China's Past, North Clarendon: Tuttle, pp. 190–195, ISBN 978-1-4629-0586-7.
- Meyer-Fong, Tobie (2009), "Gathering in a Ruined City: Metaphor, Practice, and Recovery in Post-Taiping Yangzhou", Lifestyle and Entertainment in Yangzhou, NIAS Studies in Asian Topics, No. 44, Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, pp. 37–61, ISBN 978-87-7694-035-5.
- Olivová, Lucie B. (2009), "Building History and the Preservation of Yangzhou", Lifestyle and Entertainment in Yangzhou, NIAS Studies in Asian Topics, No. 44, Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, pp. 3–36, ISBN 978-87-7694-035-5.
- Snow, Edgar; et al. (10 August 1929), "Journeying through Kiangsu: From Shanghai to the Capital via the Shanghai Nanking Railway", China Weekly Review, vol. XLIX, Shanghai: Millard Publishing Co., pp. 559–573.