Floriano Peixoto

His Excellency Marshal Floriano Peixoto
Marshal Floriano in 1891
President of Brazil
In office 23 November 1891 – 14 November 1894
Vice President	None
Preceded by	Deodoro da Fonseca
Succeeded by	Prudente de Morais
Vice President of Brazil
In office 26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891
President	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Manuel Vitorino
Justice of the Superior Military Court
In office 26 February 1891 – 29 June 1895
Nominated by	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Hermes Ernesto da Fonseca
Succeeded by	Carlos Machado Bittencourt
Minister of War
In office 19 April 1890 – 22 January 1891
President	Deodoro da Fonseca
Preceded by	Eduardo Wandenkolk
Succeeded by	Antônio Falcão da Frota
President of the Mato Grosso Province
In office 13 September 1884 – 5 October 1885
Preceded by	Baron of Batovi
Succeeded by	José Joaquim Ramos Ferreira
Personal details
Born	(1839-04-30)30 April 1839 Maceió, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil
Died	29 July 1895(1895-07-29) (aged 56) Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Political party	Independent
Spouse	Josina Vieira de Araújo Peixoto ​ ​ (m. 1872)​
Children	8
Parents	Manuel Vieira de Araújo Peixoto (father) Ana Joaquina de Albuquerque (mother)
Alma mater	Praia Vermelha Military School
Signature
Nickname(s)	The Iron Marshal The Sphinx
Military service
Allegiance	Empire of Brazil United States of Brazil
Branch/service	Brazilian Army
Years of service	1861–1895
Rank	Field Marshal
Commands	9th Infantry Battalion 3rd Horse Artillery Regiment Pernambuco War Arsenal Commander of Arms of Mato Grosso Army Adjutant General Court Garrison Rio de Janeiro Garrison
Battles/wars	Paraguayan War Battle of Tuyutí Battle of Ytororó Battle of Lomas Valentinas Battle of Angostura Federalist Revolution Brazilian Naval Revolt

Floriano Vieira Peixoto (Portuguese pronunciation: [floɾiˈɐ̃nu viˈe(j)ɾɐ pe(j)ˈʃotu] 30 April 1839 – 29 June 1895), born in Ipioca (today a district of the city of Maceió in the State of Alagoas), nicknamed the "Iron Marshal",^[1] was a Brazilian soldier and politician, a veteran of the Paraguayan War, and the second president of Brazil.^[2] He was the first vice president of Brazil to have succeeded the president mid-term.

Election

Peixoto was an army marshal when elected vice-president in February 1891. In November 1891, he rose to the presidency after the resignation of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of Brazil. Peixoto came to the presidency in a difficult period of the new Brazilian Republic, which was in the midst of a general political and economic crisis made worse by the effects of the bursting of the Encilhamento economic bubble. As Vice President, he had also served as the President of the Senate.^[3]

Presidency

His government was marked by several revolutions. Peixoto defeated a naval officers' rebellion against him in 1893–1894 and the Federalist Revolution in the States of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, with the use of strength during the same year - to maintain territorial integrity.

^[4] His government was marked by an increased centralization of power and nationalism, with the florianista cult of personality being the first phenomenon of a favorable political expression towards a republican politician in Brazil.^[5]

Legacy

He is often referred to as "the Consolidator of the Republic" or "The Iron Marshal." He left the presidency on 15 November 1894. In spite of his unpopularity, he was responsible for the consolidation of the First Brazilian Republic.

Desterro, the capital of the state of Santa Catarina, was renamed Florianópolis after its defeat by loyalist troops at the end of the Federalist Revolution.

References

External links

Media related to Floriano Peixoto at Wikimedia Commons