Haradzyeya

Haradzyeya
Гарадзея (Belarusian)
Urban-type settlement
Roman Catholic St. Joseph church
Roman Catholic St. Joseph church
Flag of Haradzyeya
Flag
Official seal of Haradzyeya
Seal
Haradzyeya is located in Belarus
Haradzyeya
Haradzyeya
Coordinates: 53°18′47″N 26°32′5″E / 53.31306°N 26.53472°E / 53.31306; 26.53472
CountryBelarus
RegionMinsk Region
DistrictNyasvizh District
Population
 (2023)[1]
 • Total3,643
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK)

Haradzyeya (Belarusian: Гарадзея, romanized: Haradzieja;[a] Russian: Городея, romanized: Gorodeya; Polish: Horodziej; Lithuanian: Gorodėja) is an urban-type settlement in Nyasvizh District, Minsk Region, Belarus.[1] As of 2023, it has a population of 3,643.[1]

History

Destroyed railway station during World War I

The first known documental record of the village dates back to 1530. Horodziej was a privately owned village located in the Nowogródek County of the Nowogródek Voivodeship of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth[2] until the Second Partition of Poland (1793) when it was annexed by Tsarist Russia. Initially, the village often changed owners, before it became the property of the powerful Radziwiłł family in 1575. A Roman Catholic church was built in the 17th century.[3]

A pre-war Polish house in Horodziej

The village was briefly occupied by the Germans in 1918 and after Poland regained independence (1918) it came under Polish administration in 1919 and was finally reintegrated with Polish territory after the Polish-Soviet War (1919–1921). Administratively Horodziej was part of the Nieśwież County in the Nowogródek Voivodeship. After the destruction of World War I, a new Catholic church and a new railway station were built. In the 1921 census, 44.9% people declared Jewish nationality, 36.3% declared Polish nationality, 18.4% declared Belarusian nationality.[4]

Before World War II, the precise number of Jews living in Horodziej is not known, but it was probably somewhere between 700 and 1,000, the third of the total population. After the invasion of Poland the village was under Soviet occupation from 1939 to 1941, German occupation from 1941 to 1944 and again Soviet occupation from 1944 to 1945, when in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement it was taken from Poland and annexed to the Soviet Union.

In 1941, an enclosed ghetto of a few houses was established. On July 16, 1942, the ghetto was liquidated. Some Jews were transported in trucks, but most were marched on foot, to a small hill near the Christian cemetery, where a pit had been dug. On the way to the killing site, the guards shot several Jews who were unable to keep up. Approximately 1,000 Jews were shot that day by an Einsatzgruppen.[5] Earlier, in June 1942, local Polish parish priest Józef Gogoliński was arrested and imprisoned in nearby Nieśwież.[6] He was later murdered along with 3 other priests as part of the continuation of the anti-Polish Intelligenzaktion.[6]

In 1946 the Roman Catholic St. Joseph church was closed down by the Soviets.[3] It was reopened and renovated in the 1990s after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[3]

Sights

A 19th-century chapel

The historic sights include a chapel built in 1874, a pre-war Polish Roman Catholic Church of St. Joseph, a 19th-century Orthodox Church of the Transfiguration and old houses. There is also a Battle of Grunwald memorial stone and a memorial complex dedicated to the local Jews murdered during the Holocaust.

Transport

A railway station is located in the settlement.

Sports

FC Gorodeya football club is based in the settlement.

Notable people

  • Kastus Moskalik (1918–2010), Belarusian Greek Catholic priest[7]
  • Alexander Nadson (1926–2015), the Apostolic Visitor for Belarusian Greek-Catholic faithful abroad, scholar, translator and a notable Belarusian émigré social and religious leader.[8]

Notes

  1. ^ Official transliteration.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Численность населения на 1 января 2023 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2022 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа". belsat.gov.by. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  2. ^ Вялікі гістарычны атлас Беларусі Т.2, Minsk, 2013, p. 100.
  3. ^ a b c "Гарадзея — парафія Св. Юзафа". Catholic.by. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  4. ^ Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Tom VII. Część I (in Polish). Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1923. p. 37.
  5. ^ "YAHAD - IN UNUM". yahadmap.org. Retrieved Aug 23, 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Józef Gogoliński - Martyrologia" (in Polish). Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  7. ^ Св. памяці айцец Кастусь Маскалік Memory of Kastus Moskalik
  8. ^ "Alexander Nadson (1926–2015) – in Memoriam | The Journal of Belarusian Studies". belarusjournal.com. Retrieved 2021-07-09.

External links