Help:IPA for Galician

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Galician language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters

See Galician phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Galician.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b baixo, vivir, weber best
β abaixo, vivir[1] between baby and bevy
d dedo dice
ð dedo[1] (dial. fazer) other
f faro, nafta, Philip face
ɡ galego ago
ɣ galego[1] between ago and ahold
ɟ lle, brillo argue
k cor, quen, quad, kelvin scan
l lúa, ballet luck
m ama, lamber mate
ɱ ninfa nymph
n ano, pensa not
ŋ unha, longo, un, yang, ítem singer
ɲ uña onion
p pés spouse
θ zoo, dez, facer,[2] theta thing
r ría, parra trilled r
ɾ fría, para, ar US atom
s seu, casa, este between sip and ship (retracted)[3]
ʃ xente, flash, beige (dial. as, dez) ship
t tempo stand
tʃ chave catch
v afgano[4] of
z mesmo[4] (dial. fazer, casa) between zone and genre (retracted)[3]
Dialectal consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
ħ ghato, trigho[5] hat
ʒ gente, queijo[6] genre
 
Non-native consonants
dʒ joule, gin, adagio joke
h hippy hook
ts tsar, pizza, hertz between cats and catch (retracted)
x kharxa, Bach[7] loch
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
a cadro, má art
aː ra, á[8] father
ɛ feltro, café set
e selo, télex they
i lima, dial, río, oïades ski
ɔ ovo, abiótico, ao fin off
o avoa, avó story
u mula, dual, rúa, argüír ruler
Unstressed word-final vowels[9]
ɐ hora, na unrest
ɪ onte, se toolkit
ʊ niño, termonuclear, do output
 
Semivowels
IPA Examples English approximation
j saia, cilio, pai, spray yet / boy
w tenue, bilingüe, pau, watt switch / cow
 
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ Arousa [aˈɾowsɐ] primary stress
ˌ Vilamarín [ˌbilɐmaˈɾiŋ] secondary stress
. rías [ˈri.ɐs] syllable break

Notes

  1. ^ a b c /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are approximants [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] (frequently represented without the undertacks) except after a pause, a nasal, or, for /d/, [l], where they are stops [b, d, ɡ].
  2. ^ /θ/ merges with /s/ in western dialects.
  3. ^ a b The alveolar sibilants [s, z] are realized as laminal in some dialects, much like the ordinary alveolar sibilants found in French, German, Mandarin Chinese as well as the Slavic languages (Regueira (1996:82)).
  4. ^ a b [v], [z] and [ʒ] are allophones of /f/, /s/ and /ʃ/, respectively, before voiced consonants.
  5. ^ In some dialects, /ɡ/ is spirantized to [ħ ~ ʕ] or [h ~ ɦ] in a phonological process known as gheada. For simplicity, this process is resepresented here with [ħ] only.
  6. ^ Voiced sibilants like /z/ and /ʒ/ are typically present in the Lower Limia area (Fernández Rei 1991:193).
  7. ^ /x/ may be used in loanwords, foreign names and hispanicized names like kharxa, Bach, Araújo (instead of Araúxo, pron. with [ʃ]) and Fagilde or Fajilde (instead of Faxilde, pron. with [ʃ]).
  8. ^ Freixeiro Mato (2006).
  9. ^ There are only three unstressed word-final vowels in Galician: [ɐ, ɪ, ʊ]. The first one is phonemically /a/, whereas the other two vowels are a result of the neutralizations of, respectively, the non-open front vowels /ɛ–e–i/ and the non-open back vowels /ɔ–o–u/. This neutralization also applies to unstressed monosyllabic words; for instance, the article o is pronounced [ʊ]. In some cases, vowels from the final unstressed set appear in other positions, as e.g. in the word termonuclear [ˌtɛɾmʊnukleˈaɾ], because the prefix termo- is pronounced [ˈtɛɾmʊ] (Freixeiro Mato (2006:112), Regueira (2010:13–14, 21)).

References

See also