List of political parties in Brazil
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Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.[1]
Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies.[2] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties.[3] The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 Brazilian general election.[4][5][6] However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.[4][7]
Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections.[8] And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.[9]
Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names; however, they can retain their number.
Active political parties
Parties in the National Congress
| Party | Ideology | Leader | TSE id number |
Deputies | Senators | State deputies[10] | Councillors[11] | Alliances | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal Party (PL) Partido Liberal |
Right-wing populism Social conservatism |
Valdemar Costa Neto | 22 | 96 / 513
|
12 / 81
|
129 / 1,059
|
3,467 / 58,043
|
||
| Workers' Party (PT) Partido dos Trabalhadores |
Social democracy Lulism |
Gleisi Hoffmann | 13 | 68 / 513
|
8 / 81
|
118 / 1,059
|
2,665 / 58,043
|
Brazil of Hope | |
| Brazil Union (UNIÃO) União Brasil |
Liberal conservatism | Luciano Bivar | 44 | 59 / 513
|
7 / 81
|
100 / 1,059
|
5,546 / 58,043
|
||
| Progressives (PP) Progressistas |
Liberal conservatism | Ciro Nogueira | 11 | 50 / 513
|
6 / 81
|
87 / 1,059
|
6,346 / 58,043
|
||
| Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) Movimento Democrático Brasileiro |
Big tent | Baleia Rossi | 15 | 44 / 513
|
11 / 81
|
95 / 1,059
|
7,335 / 58,043
|
||
| Social Democratic Party (PSD) Partido Social Democrático |
Big tent | Gilberto Kassab | 55 | 43 / 513
|
15 / 81
|
78 / 1,059
|
5,694 / 58,043
|
||
| Republicans Republicanos |
Social conservatism Economic liberalism |
Marcos Pereira | 10 | 41 / 513
|
4 / 81
|
76 / 1,059
|
2,601 / 58,043
|
||
| Democratic Labor Party (PDT) Partido Democrático Trabalhista |
Social democracy Laborism Brazilian nationalism |
André Figueiredo | 12 | 18 / 513
|
3 / 81
|
43 / 1,059
|
3,441 / 58,043
|
||
| We Can (PODE) Podemos |
Third Way Direct democracy |
Renata Abreu | 19 | 15 / 513
|
7 / 81
|
48 / 1,059
|
3,038 / 58,043
|
||
| Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) Partido Socialista Brasileiro |
Social democracy | Carlos Siqueira | 40 | 14 / 513
|
4 / 81
|
54 / 1,059
|
3,029 / 58,043
|
||
| Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira |
Liberalism Economic liberalism |
Marconi Perillo | 45 | 14 / 513
|
2 / 81
|
54 / 1,059
|
4,377 / 58,043
|
Always Forward | |
| Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) Partido Socialismo e Liberdade |
Democratic socialism Anti-capitalism Eco-socialism |
Paula Coradi | 50 | 13 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
22 / 1,059
|
89 / 58,043
|
PSOL REDE | |
| Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) Partido Comunista do Brasil |
Communism Marxism-Leninism |
Luciana Santos | 65 | 7 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
18 / 1,059
|
694 / 58,043
|
Brazil of Hope | |
| Forward Avante |
Laborism Brazilian nationalism Centrism |
Luis Tibé | 70 | 7 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
14 / 1,059
|
1,054 / 58,043
|
||
| Green Party (PV) Partido Verde |
Green politics | José Luiz Penna | 43 | 6 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
20 / 1,059
|
805 / 58,043
|
Brazil of Hope | |
| Solidarity Solidariedade |
Social democracy Humanism |
Eurípedes Júnior | 77 | 5 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
28 / 1,059
|
2,102 / 58,043
|
||
| Democratic Renewal Party (PRD) Partido Renovação Democrática |
Right-wing populism National conservatism Christian right |
Ovasco Resende | 25 | 5 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
25 / 1,059
|
3,193 / 58,043
|
||
| Citizenship Cidadania |
Social liberalism | Comte Bittencourt | 23 | 4 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
17 / 1,059
|
1,585 / 58,043
|
Always Forward | |
| New Party (NOVO) Partido Novo |
Classical liberalism | Eduardo Ribeiro | 30 | 3 / 513
|
1 / 81
|
5 / 1,059
|
29 / 58,043
|
||
| Sustainability Network (REDE) Rede Sustentabilidade |
Green politics | Heloísa Helena | 18 | 1 / 513
|
0 / 81
|
6 / 1,059
|
144 / 58,043
|
PSOL REDE | |
Other parties
| Party | Ideology | Leader | TSE id number |
State deputies[10] | Councillors[11] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazilian Labor Renewal Party (PRTB) Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro |
National conservatism Janismo Laborism |
John dos Santos | 28 | 7 / 1,059
|
220 / 58,043
| |
| National Mobilization (MOBILIZA) Mobilização Nacional |
Democratic socialism Brazilian nationalism |
Antonio Massarollo | 33 | 6 / 1,059
|
200 / 58,043
| |
| Act Agir |
Autistic people's interests | Daniel Tourinho | 36 | 5 / 1,059
|
220 / 58,043
| |
| Brazilian Woman's Party (PMB) Partido da Mulher Brasileira |
Social conservatism Anti-feminism Anti-abortion |
Suêd Haidar | 35 | 3 / 1,059
|
46 / 58,043
| |
| Christian Democracy (DC) Democracia Cristã |
Christian democracy | José Maria Eymael | 27 | 1 / 1,059
|
123 / 58,043
| |
| Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) Partido Comunista Brasileiro |
Marxism-Leninism | Edmilson Costa | 21 | 0 / 1,059
|
0 / 58,043
| |
| Workers' Cause Party (PCO) Partido da Causa Operária |
Trotskyism | Rui Costa Pimenta | 29 | 0 / 1,059
|
0 / 58,043
| |
| United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU) Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado |
Trotskyism | Zé Maria | 16 | 0 / 1,059
|
0 / 58,043
| |
| Popular Unity (UP) Unidade Popular |
Revolutionary socialism | Léo Péricles | 80 | 0 / 1,059
|
0 / 58,043
| |
Historical parties
Imperial Brazil
- Liberal Party (1831–1889)
- Farroupilha Party (1832–1845)
- Conservative Party (1836–1889)
- Progressive League (1864–1868)
First Republic and Vargas Era
- Paulista Republican Party (1873–1937)
- Rio-grandense Republican Party (1882–1937)
- Mineiro Republican Party (1888–1937)
- Fluminense Republican Party (1888–1937)
- Federalist Party (1892–1928)
- Federal Republican Party (1893–1897)
- Conservative Republican Party (1910–1915)
- Workers' and Peasants' Bloc (1927–1930)
- Liberator Party (1928–1937; 1945–1965)
- Brazilian Black Front (1931–1938)
- Brazilian Integralist Action (1932–1937)
- Brazilian Socialist Party (1932–1937)
Fourth Republic
- National Democratic Union (1945–1965)
- Brazilian Labor Party (1945–1965)
- Orienting Labor Party (1945–1951)
- Christian Democratic Party (1945–1965)
- Social Democratic Party (1945–1965)
- Republican Party (1945–1965)
- Progressive Republican Party (1945–1946)
- National Agrarian Party (1945–1946)
- Popular Representation Party (1945–1965)
- Popular Syndicalist Party (1945–1946)
- National Labor Party (1945–1965)
- Social Progressive Party (1946–1965)
- Social Labor Party (1946–1965)
- Brazilian Socialist Party (1947–1965)
- Labor Republican Party (1948–1965)
- Renewal Labor Movement (1960–1965)
Military Dictatorship and Sixth Republic
- National Renewal Alliance (1966–1979)
- Popular Party (1979–1982)
- Democratic Social Party (1980–1993)
- Brazilian Labor Party (1981–2023)
- Democrats (1985–2022)
- Brazilian People's Party (1985–1990)
- Christian Democratic Party (1985–1993)
- Social Christian Party (1985–2023)
- Brazilian Municipalist Party (1985–1989)
- Liberal Party (1985–2006)
- Renewal Labor Party (1985–1993)
- Social Democratic Party (1987–2003)
- Progressive Republican Party (1988–2019)
- Retirees' National Party of Brazil (1988–1990)
- Social Labor Party (1988–1993; 1993–2003)
- Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (1989–2006)
- Progressive Party (1993–1995)
- Reform Progressive Party (1993–1995)
- Workers' General Party (1993–2003)
- Social Liberal Party (1994–2022)
- Humanist Party of Solidarity (1995–2019)
- Party of the Nation's Retirees (1995–2006)
- Free Fatherland Party (2009–2019)
- Republican Party of the Social Order (2010–2023)
- Patriota (2011–2023)
- Alliance for Brazil (2019–2022) (unregistered)
See also
- Lists of political parties; categories by country and ideology.
- Liberalism in Brazil
References
- ^ Sousa, Ana Cristina Augusto de; Silva, Lays Correa da (6 August 2021). "Redemocratização no Brasil: continuidade ou ruptura?". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) (in Portuguese). 22 (47): 570–575. doi:10.1590/2237-101X02204713. ISSN 1518-3319. S2CID 238849517.
- ^ Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
- ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Perspectiva é de fusão entre partidos". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
- ^ "L9504". www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ a b "Raio-X das eleições: Leia como serão as assembleias em 2023". Poder360 (in Portuguese). 11 October 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ^ a b "DEM, PP e PSD aumentam número de vereadores no Brasil; MDB, PT, PSDB, PDT e PSB registram redução". G1 (in Portuguese). 17 November 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
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