Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union

Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga
Abbreviation	LVŽS
Chairman	Ramūnas Karbauskis
First Vice Chairman	Aurelijus Veryga
Vice Chairpeople	Ligita Girskienė Kristina Kirslienė Arvydas Nekrošius Aušrinė Norkienė Bronis Ropė Giedrius Surplys
Founder	Kazimiera Prunskienė
Founded	2001 (Union of Peasants and New Democratic Parties)
Merger of	Lithuanian Peasants Party New Democracy Party
Headquarters	Gedimino pr. 28, Vilnius
Membership	3741 (2023)
Ideology	Green conservatism[1] Social conservatism[2] Christian democracy[3] Left-wing populism[4] Agrarianism[5][6] Technocracy[7]
Political position	Centre-left[8][9] Fiscal: Left-wing[8][10] Cultural: Centre-right[11]
European Parliament group	Union for Europe of the Nations (2004–2009) Greens/EFA (since 2014)
Colours	Green
Seimas	19 / 141
European Parliament (Lithuanian seats)	2 / 11
Municipal councils	185 / 1,498
Mayors	8 / 60
Website
www.lvzs.lt
Politics of Lithuania Political parties Elections

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The Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (Lithuanian: Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga, LVŽS)^{[nb 1]} is a green-conservative^[1] and agrarian^[5] political party in Lithuania led by Ramūnas Karbauskis. The party is considered one of the main representatives of the left wing of Lithuanian politics.^[8] Lithuanian journalist Virgis Valentinavicius described the party as "the mixture of the extreme left in economic matters and the extreme right in some social issues, all spiced up with an anti-establishment rhetoric of radical change".^[4]

Following the 2020 parliamentary election, the LVŽS has been in opposition to the Šimonytė Cabinet. The party's two MEPs sit in the Greens–European Free Alliance group in the European Parliament. Founded in 2001 as the Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union, (Lithuanian: Lietuvos valstiečių liaudininkų sąjunga, LVLS), the party's symbol since 2012 has been the white stork.

History

Foundation and participation in the Social Democratic Party-led governments (2001–2008)

In December 2001, the Lithuanian Peasants Party (Lietuvos valstiečių partija) and the New Democratic Party (Naujosios demokratijos partija) entered into an electoral alliance known as the "Valstiečių ir Naujosios demokratijos partijų sąjunga" (VNDS), which translates to the Peasants and New Democratic Party Union or Union of Peasants and New Democratic Parties was formed.^[12] In 2002–03 Lithuanian presidential election party's chairman Kazimira Prunskienė came with 5.04 per cent of the votes in the first round and saved its deposit. In the second round, she endorsed Rolandas Paksas of the Liberal Democratic Party, who won the election.^[13]

In the 2004 presidential election (after Rolandas Packsas impeachement), Kazimira Prunskienė narrowly came to the second position (21.25 per cent), but she was defeated in the second round (although, after endorsement of Rolandas Paksas).^[14] In 2004 European Parliament election, the party got 7.41 per cent of the votes and won one seat by Gintaras Didžiokas. He joined the Union for Europe of the Nations. In Seimas election later tahat same year, the party got 6.6 per cent of the votes. The Labour Party joined forces with Peasants and New Democratic Party Union and invited the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania to join.^[15] Brazauskas initially ruled out a coalition with Labour,^[16] but eventually Social Democrats and New Union (Social Liberals) joined forces with the Labour Party and the Peasants, with Brazauskas as the Prime Minister.^[17]

In February 2006, the Peasants and New Democratic Party Union led by Lithuanian politician Kazimiera Prunskienė chose to rename itself the Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union (after the pre-war Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union).

In 2008 parliamentary election the party felt below 5 per cent threshold and was left with three members, who were elected in single-member constituencies.

Opposition and leading force in the government (2009–2020)

In 2009 Kazimira Prunskienė left the party and founded the party of her own (Lithuanian People's Party).^[18] Although the party was minor one, it gained some influence in 2010, when it supported the Homeland Union-led government. The Lithuanian Peasants Popular Union changed its name to the Lithuanian Peasants and Greens Union in January 2012.

The party emerged as a dark horse in the electoral race in the spring of 2016. The rise of support was attributed to the popularity of Karbauskis, who had been active in campaigning against alcohol, and their lack of involvement in political scandals.^[19] LVŽS was further boosted by the announcement that Saulius Skvernelis, a Minister of Interior in Butkevičius Cabinet and one of the most popular politicians in Lithuania, would head the party's electoral list in the elections, without joining the party.^[20][21]

After successful performance in the 2016 parliamentary elections, a clarification about its English name format was issued, changing it to Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union.^[22] Also, after these election the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union became one of the main three political parties in Lithuania (along with the Homeland Union and the Social Democratic Party) at the time.^[23]

After these elections, various pundits claimed that the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union could form a coalition with the Homeland Union,^[24] but Ramūnas Karbauskis proposed wide coalition between the aforementioned parties and the Social Democratic Party. The Homeland Union's leader Gabrielius Landsbergis himself proposed a coalition between the Homeland Union, the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union and the Liberal Movement, although both Ramūnas Karbauskis and the Liberal Movement's leader Eugenijus Gentvilas turned down this offer.^[25] Eventually, a coalition was formed between the Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union and the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, which lasted until the autumn of 2017.

The party's support gradually declined by 2018 (e. g. in 2019 European Parliament election the party got 11.92 per cent of the votes), although due to the rally 'round the flag effect (caused by the COVID-19 pandemic), its support rebounded. In the 2020 parliamentary election the party won 18.07 per cent of the vote and 32 parliamentary seats.^[26] The party has been in opposition since 2020.^[27]

Again in opposition (from 2020)

After the elections, Ramūnas Karbauskis resigned from his parliamentary seat. After the electoral loss the party (along with the Labour Party) began to support various radical movements on the political fringes (e. g. Families' Defense March and the Lithuanian Family Movement). This position caused disagreements within party and its parliamentary group.

Disagreements had forced a split in the parliamentary group in late summer and early autumn of 2021, and former Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis formed the newly established Union of Democrats "For Lithuania" (although this split was speculated by the pundits as early as March 2021).^[28] Due to this and the Social Democratic Party's position not to support the opposition coalition, the party lost the position of opposition leader. By the end of 2021, the party started losing members in municipalities' districts (e. g. Lazdijai district municipality mayor Ausma Miškinienė left it along with the almost all LVŽS members in the area).^[29]

Aurelijus Veryga, Minister of Health in Skvernelis' cabinet, was put forward as the party's candidate in the 2024 presidential election.^[30] In his electoral program, Veryga emphasized his support for traditional values and opposition to same-sex partnerships.^[31]

Ideology

Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union is placed on the left of Lithuanian political spectrum, although with strong left-wing populist and left-conservative tendencies.^[8][10] The party is described as green conservative, agrarian and social conservative and is considered to be a blend of staunchly left-wing economic policy, environmentalism, and a conservative outlook on social and cultural issues.^[32] Economically the party focuses on the importance of expanded healthcare and social welfare, whereas socially the party campaigns on traditional and Christian values and the need to stop the moral decay of contemporary society.^[33] The party is also described as technocratic and agrarian populist.^[34]

Throghout its existence, the party transformed from a purely agrarian party to a left-wing populist one full of eclectic tendencies. Starting as farmer-focused Lithuanian Peasant Union (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Valstiečių Sąjunga) in early 1990s, the LVŽS was then renamed to Lithuanian Peasant Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos valstiečių partija) and started broadening its program beyond agricultural issues by joining forces with the Lithuanian Women Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos moterų partija) in 1995. The Lithuanian Peasant Party became increasingly left-wing oriented in early 2000s, which culminated in the party being renamed to Lithuanian Peasant People’s Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos valstiečių liaudininkų partija) in 2005, which was to highlight both the leftwards turn of the party and to connect itself to the interwar peasant movements in Lithuania.^[4]

The party was renamed one more time in 2012 to its final name, the Lithuanian Peasant and Green Union, after the party's leader Ramūnas Karbauskis pivoted the party towards green politics, heavily promoting renewable energy and campaigning against nuclear power plants. This made the party combine both the interests of agriculture and the elements of green policies, which at the time was decried as a "somewhat schizophrenic" political mixture. Between 2012 and 2016 the party then evolved towards its final ideological stance, adopting radically anti-establishment populist rhetoric, further radicalizing its left-wing economic stances, and adopting right-wing outlook on some social issues. In the 2016 Lithuanian parliamentary election, the central message of the LVŽS was the need to combat poverty and social exclusion, which the party blamed on economic liberalism and pro-business policies adopted by previous Lithuanian governments.^[4]

Economically, the party is described as "extreme-left" and heavily populist, presenting itself as the party of ordinary people. The LVŽS argues that wealth inequality is one of the key problems of Lithuania, comparing the relative prosperity of Vilnius and urban middle class to the destitute Lithuanian countryside struggling with high unemployment and lack of prospects. In its ideological manifesto "The Government Program for Sustainable Lithuania" (Lithuanian: Darnios Lietuvos Vyriausybės program), the party declared: "The tackling of poverty and regional exclusion must become a priority task for the new government. Acknowledging that the economic reason for high unemployment and emigration is relatively low pay, we will take expeditious and efficient measures to increase the income of the population, and at the same time we will seek to ensure a proper social safety net." Accentuating the agrarian character of the party, the program also put heavy importance on "the preservation of vitality of the Lithuanian countryside".^[4]

The LVŽS defines an economy that would prioritize 'the common man' as its goal, emphasizing the need to implement employee-friendly reforms in healthcare and education, sharply increase salaries and pensions, and to suspent and drastically revise the Lithuanian Labor Code, which the party decried as pro-business. Healthcare is especially important in the party's economic program, as the party pledged to create a state-run network of pharmacies and sharlpy reduce the price of medication. Another pet issue of the party was its anti-alcohol campaign, which the party realised through increasing alcohol excise tax, implementing a total ban on alcohol advertising, and establishing a state monopoly on alcohol trade.^[4]

The party lacks a clear stance on social issues, although its program stresses the party's dedication to establishing "strong family" as the core of Lithuanian society. The party's program also heavily praises the Catholic Church and its teaching, and states the party's opposition to abortion, same-sex partnerships and assisted reproductive technologies on the basis of Lithuanian Catholic faith. Despite this, the LVŽS is a big tent in regards to social issues, and some of its members such as Dovilė Šakalienė are strong advocates of feminism, minority rights and civil partnerships for same-sex couples.^[4]

Electoral results

Seimas

Election	Votes[a]	%	Seats	+/–	Government
2004	78,902	6.6 (#6)	10 / 141	4	Coalition
2008	46,162	3.7 (#9)	3 / 141	7	Opposition
2012	53,141	3.9 (#8)	1 / 141	2	Opposition
2016	274,108	22.4 (#1)	54 / 141	53	Coalition
2020	204,780	18.1 (#2)	32 / 141	22	Opposition

European Parliament

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–
2004	89,338	7.4 (#5)	1 / 13
2009	10,285	1.8 (#11)	0 / 12	1
2014	75,643	6.2 (#7)	1 / 11	1
2019	157,604	11.9 (#3)	2 / 11	1

Current Members of the Seimas

Name

• 2001 – Dec 2005: Peasants and New Democratic Party Union or Union of Peasants and New Democratic Parties (Valstiečių ir Naujosios demokratijos partijų sąjunga/VNDS)
• Dec 2005 – Jan 2012: Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union (Lietuvos valstiečių liaudininkų sąjunga/LVLS)
• Jan 2012 – Feb 2017: Lithuanian Peasant and Greens Union (Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga/LVŽS)
• Feb 2017 – present: Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga/LVŽS)

See also

• Union of Greens and Farmers (Latvia)

References

External links

• Official English web page