Lohit district

Lohit district
District of Arunachal Pradesh
View of the Lohit River
View of the Lohit River
Location in Arunachal Pradesh
Location in Arunachal Pradesh
CountryIndia
StateArunachal Pradesh
DivisionEast
HeadquartersTezu
Tehsils3
Government
 • District collectorPrince Dhawan, IAS
 • Lok Sabha constituencies1
 • Vidhan Sabha constituencies1
Area
 • Total2,402 km2 (927 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1]
 • Total49,776
 • Density21/km2 (54/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy69.9%[1]
 • Sex ratio901[1]
Time zoneUTC+05:30 (IST)
Major highwaysnh-13
Websitelohit.nic.in

Lohit (/ˈləʊhɪt/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. The district headquarters is located at Tezu. As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Arunachal Pradesh, after Papum Pare and Changlang.[1]

Etymology

It was known earlier as the Mishmi Hills. The district is named after the Lohit River and consists of the river valley and hills/mountains to the North and South.

History

During medieval times, the present district was under the control of the rulers of the Chutiya Kingdom. The Chutiya rulers controlled the area from the early 13th century to the 16th century and during the 19th century, it became one of the last territories to be brought under British control after the punitive Abor and Mishmi Expedition in the first decade of 20th century.

In June 1980, Dibang Valley district was split from Lohit (and has since been bifurcated again to create the new Lower Dibang Valley district).[2] On 16 February 2004, Anjaw district was carved out from the northern part of Lohit district bordering Tibet and Myanmar, with its headquarters at Hawai. Anjaw was carved out under the Arunachal Pradesh Re-organization of Districts Amendment Bill.[2] Namsai was split from Lohit in 2013.

Geography

Wakro is an important sub-division of this district. It is a disyllabic word originated from the local dialect Miju Mishmi. Another important sub-division of Lohit is Sunpura, which is located near Assam and Arunachal border. Lohit district occupies an area of 11,402 km2 (4,402 sq mi) and has a population of 143,478 (as of 2001).

Divisions

There are four Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituencies located in this district: Tezu, Wakro, Sunpura. All of these are part of Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency.[3]

Transport

The area is highly inaccessible, and it was only in 2004 that a permanent bridge has been made operational across the Lohit at the holy site of Parashuram Kund, giving a round-the-year connection to Tezu. About 100 km (62 mi) east of Tezu lies the small town of Hayuliang, and this is slated to become the headquarters of a new district. The road along the Lohit runs right up to the small garrison town of Walong just south of the Chinese border, site of the famous Battle of Walong in 1962.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census the erstwhile Lohit district has a population of 145,726,[1] roughly equal to the nation of Saint Lucia.[4] This gives it a ranking of 601st in India (out of a total of 640).[1] The district has a population density of 28 inhabitants per square kilometre (73/sq mi) .[1] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 16.44%.[1] Lohit has a sex ratio of 901 females for every 1000 males,[1] and a literacy rate of 69.88%.[1] The divided district has a population of 49,776. 15,920 are Scheduled Tribes.

Lohit is the home of the Adi, Zekhring, Khampti, Singpho and Mishmi tribes. A small group of Tibetans have settled in Lohit since the 1960s. The Zekhring are Tibetan Buddhists; the Khampti and Singpho are Threvada Buddhists, and the Mishmi and Adis are mainly Animists.

Languages

Languages of Lohit (2011)[5]

  Nepali (28.19%)
  Mishmi (24.02%)
  Hindi (16.40%)
  Bengali (9.09%)
  Assamese (5.41%)
  Adi (2.87%)
  Tibetan (2.28%)
  Dogri (1.16%)
  Punjabi (1.54%)
  Odia (0.89%)
  Mizo (0.87%)
  Others (7.28%)

The most populous language spoken in the district is Nepali, with 28.19% of the population. 24.02% speak Mishmi, 16.4% Hindi, 9.09% Bengali, 5.41% Assamese, 2.87% Adi, 1.73% Odia as their first language.[6]

Religion

Religion in Lohit district (2011)[7]
Religion Per cent
Hinduism
 
 77.17%
Christianity
 
 7.87%
Buddhism
 
 6.62%
Donyi Polo
 
 4.04%
Islam
 
 3.09%

Flora and fauna

In 1989 Lohit district became home to the Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 783 km2 (302.3 sq mi).[8] It is the home to some of the endangered flora and fauna. The district has been found to be an ideal place for Jatropha cultivation, which is used for bio-diesel making.

In the western part of the district, north of the Lohit River occurs the new subspecies of hoolock gibbon, which has been described and named as Mishmi Hills hoolock H. h. mishmiensis.[9] A new giant flying squirrel named as Mishmi Hills giant flying squirrel also occurs north of the Lohit River.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in.
  2. ^ a b Law, Gwillim (25 September 2011). "Districts of India". Statoids. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
  3. ^ "Assembly Constituencies allocation w.r.t District and Parliamentary Constituencies". Chief Electoral Officer, Arunachal Pradesh website. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  4. ^ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Saint Lucia 161,557 July 2011 est.
  5. ^ "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". censusindia.gov.in.
  6. ^ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Galo: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
  7. ^ "Population by religion community – 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
  8. ^ Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment. "Protected areas: Arunachal Pradesh". Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  9. ^ .A. U. Choudhury (2013). Description of a new subspecies of hoolock gibbon Hoolock hoolock from North East India. The Newsletter & Journal of the Rhino Foundation for nat. in NE India 9: 49–59.
  10. ^ .A. U. Choudhury (2009). One more new species of giant flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista Link, 1795 from Arunachal Pradesh in north-east India. Newsletter & J. Rhino Foundation NE India 8: 27–35, plates".

External links

28°00′N 96°30′E / 28.000°N 96.500°E / 28.000; 96.500