M. T. Haryono

In this Indonesian name, there is no family name nor a patronymic.
Lieutenant General

Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono
Born(1924-01-20)20 January 1924
Surabaya, Soerabaja Residency, Dutch East Indies
Died1 October 1965(1965-10-01) (aged 41)
Lubang Buaya, East Jakarta, Indonesia
Buried
Kalibata Heroes Cemetery
6°15′26″S 106°50′46″E / 6.25722°S 106.84611°E / -6.25722; 106.84611
AllegianceIndonesia
Years of service1945–1965
RankMajor General (at death)
Lieutenant General (posthumously)
Battles/warsIndonesian National Revolution
AwardsNational Hero of Indonesia
Haryono on a 1966 Indonesian stamp

Lieutenant General Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono (20 January 1924 – 1 October 1965) was a general officer in the Indonesian Army who was killed during an attempt to kidnap him from his home by members of the 30 September Movement in the early hours of 1 October 1965.

Early life

Haryono was born in Indonesia's second largest city, Surabaya, East Java. He was fortunate enough to obtain a standard of education denied to most of his peers, attending an elementary school for European children and then high school in Dutch East Indies. When the Japanese invaded, he was sent to a Japanese medical school in Jakarta (then Batavia), but did not graduate.[1]

Career with the Indonesian military

Haryono was in Jakarta when Indonesia declared independence.[2] Like many Indonesian youths, Haryono joined other youths to fight the Dutch, then joined the Tentara Keamanan Rakyat (TKR), the forerunner of the Indonesian Army. Due to his superior education, he was made a major. His command of Dutch, English and German meant he was in demand during negotiations between Indonesia and the colonial forces.[1] On 1 September 1945, he was appointed Head of the Communication Office in Jakarta.[3] In 1946, he was made secretary to the Indonesian delegation in the negotiations with the Dutch and the British. In November 1949, he also served as the Secretary of the Disarming Section of the Defense Commission at the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference, at which the Dutch agreed to transfer sovereignty to Indonesia. He returned to the Netherlands in July 1950 as military attaché to the Indonesian embassy in the Hague, then on his return to Indonesia in October 1954, he joined the Army General Staff as Army Quartermaster. From August 1962 to 1964 he was Army Inspector General, and in 1963 was also appointed head of the Strategic Materials Section of the Supreme Operational Command (KOTI). His final position, which he took up on 1 July 1964, was Third Deputy to Army Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Ahmad Yani.

Death

In the early hours of 1 October 1965, members of the Tjakrabirawa, calling themselves the 30 September Movement, broke into Haryono's home at Jalan Prambanan No. 8. His wife was woken by the group of men who told her that the general had been summoned by President Sukarno. Mrs Haryono returned to the bedroom, locking the door behind her and told her husband about what happened. She told him not to go, and to tell the guards to return at 8 a.m.

However, Haryono was suspicious and switched off the lights telling his wife to move with their children to an adjoining room. The Tjakrabirawa then fired shots through the locked bedroom door and Haryono jumped to the floor. Hiding, he waited for the first of the attackers who walked into the bedroom carrying a burning newspaper for light. Haryono tried to seize the soldier's gun, but failed and ran out of the door in confusion. He was shot down by a burst from a Sten gun, dragged through the garden, and his body thrown into one of the waiting trucks.[4] His body was put in a truck and taken to Lubang Buaya, the rebel's base on the southern outskirts of Jakarta. There it was dropped into a disused well along with the bodies of the other murdered generals.[5]

All the bodies were recovered on October 4 and the generals were given a state funeral. Haryono was buried with his colleagues at the Kalibata Heroes Cemetery on 5 October. The same day, by order of President Sukarno, he was posthumously promoted and made a Hero of the Revolution.

References

  1. ^ a b Sudarmanto (1996)
  2. ^ Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999)
  3. ^ Bachtiar (1988)
  4. ^ Hughes, John (2002), The End of Sukarno – A Coup that Misfired: A Purge that Ran Wild, Archipelago Press, ISBN 981-4068-65-9
  5. ^ Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1975)
  • Bachtiar, Harsja W. (1988), Siapa Dia?: Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (Who is S/He?: Senior Officers of the Indonesian Army), Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta, ISBN 979-428-100-X
  • Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) Album Pahlawan Bangsa (Album of National Heroes), Jakarta
  • Secretariat Negara Republik Indonesia (1994) Gerakan 30 September Pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia: Latar Belakang, Aksi dan Penumpasannya (The 30 September Movement/Communist Party of Indonesia: Bankground, Actions and its Annihilation) ISBN 9790830025
  • Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996) Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf (The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf), Penerbit Grasindo, Jakarta ISBN 979-553-111-5
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