Melania Knauss

Melania Trump
Official portrait, 2017
First Lady of the United States
In role
January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021
PresidentDonald Trump
Preceded byMichelle Obama
Succeeded byJill Biden
Personal details
Born
Melanija Knavs

(1970-04-26) April 26, 1970 (age 53)
Novo Mesto, SR Slovenia, SFR Yugoslavia
CitizenshipYugoslavia (1970–1991)
Slovenia (1991–present)
United States (2006[1]–present)
Political partyRepublican[2]
Spouse
​
(m. 2005)​
ChildrenBarron Trump
Parents
ResidenceMar-a-Lago
EducationUniversity of Ljubljana (no degree)
Signature
Melania Trump's voice
Trump on her family's departure from the White House
Recorded January 18, 2021

Melania Trump[a] (born April 26, 1970) is a Slovenian-American former model who served as the first lady of the United States from 2017 to 2021 as the wife of president Donald Trump.

Trump grew up in Slovenia (then part of Yugoslavia) and worked as a fashion model through agencies in the European fashion capitals of Milan and Paris. After she moved to New York City in 1996, she continued her modeling career.

In 2005, Trump married the real estate developer and TV personality Donald Trump. She gave birth to their son, Barron, in 2006. Later that year, she became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Trump is the second naturalized woman — after Louisa Adams — and the first non-native English speaker to become first lady of the United States.[b]

Early life and education

Melanija Knavs was born in Novo Mesto, Yugoslavia, now part of present-day Slovenia, on April 26, 1970.[3][4] Her father, Viktor Knavs (born March 24, 1944), was from the nearby town of Radeče and managed car and motorcycle dealerships for a state-owned vehicle manufacturer.[5][6] Her mother Amalija (née Ulčnik; July 9, 1945 – January 9, 2024)[7] came from the village of Raka and worked as a patternmaker at the children's clothing manufacturer Jutranjka in Sevnica.[8][9] In Sevnica, the family lived in the state-run housing complex Naselje Heroja Maroka.[10]

As a child, Knavs and other children of workers at the factory participated in fashion shows that featured children's clothing.[10][11] From a young age, she expressed an interest in fashion, and she began customizing and sewing her own clothes.[10] She has an older sister, Ines, who is an artist and her "longtime confidant",[12][13][14] and an older half-brother—whom she reportedly has never met—from her father's previous relationship.[10] Her father was in the League of Communists of Slovenia, which espoused a policy of state atheism.[15] As was common, however, he had his daughters secretly baptized as Catholic.[16][17]

When Knavs was a teenager, she moved with her family to a two-story house in Sevnica.[18] When she was fifteen years old, she moved to Ljubljana to attend the Secondary School for Design and Photography, attending the school until her graduation at nineteen. She then enrolled in the Faculty of Architecture and civil and Geodetic Engineering to further study design.[10] In 1992, during her first year in college, she was named runner-up in the Jana Magazine "Look of the Year" contest, held in Ljubljana, which promised its top three contestants an international modeling contract.[3][10][19] This set Knavs onto a modeling career, and she dropped out of college without completing her degree.[10][20][21]

Modeling career

European career

Melania Trump at QVC Red Carpet Style Party, 2011

When she began her modeling career, Knavs took on an alternate spelling of her name, Melania Knauss, and she traveled Europe to find modeling work.[10] Knauss started doing commercial work at sixteen when she posed for the Slovenian fashion photographer Stane Jerko.[22][23] At eighteen, she signed with a modeling agency in Milan, Italy.[24] Knauss modeled for fashion houses in Paris and Milan, where in 1995 she met Metropolitan Models co-owner Paolo Zampolli, a friend of her future husband Donald Trump, who was on a scouting trip in Europe. Zampolli urged her to travel to the U.S., where he said he would like to represent her.[11] In 1996, Knauss moved to Manhattan.[11][19]

Knauss was featured in a sexually explicit photo shoot for the January 1996 issue of Max, a now-defunct French men's magazine, with Emma Eriksson, another female model; photos were shot by the photographer Alexandre Ale de Basseville.[25] She also posed nude for the January 2000 UK edition of GQ magazine, appearing on the cover naked except for diamond jewelry, reclining on fur, aboard Trump's custom-fitted Boeing 727.[26] When asked about the photos in 2016, Donald Trump said: "Melania was one of the most successful models, and she did many photo shoots, including for covers and major magazines. [The Max photo] was a picture taken for a European magazine prior to my knowing Melania. In Europe, pictures like this are very fashionable and common".[27][28]

New York career

Donald Trump and Melania Knauss in 1999

Zampolli encouraged Knauss to live near and socialize among people in the fashion industry,[10] and he arranged for her to share an apartment with photographer Matthew Atanian in Zeckendorf Towers in Union Square.[11] Once she arrived in the United States, she returned to her home country only sparingly and only for short periods of time.[10] For her first weeks in the United States, her travel visa did not allow her to work in the country. Despite this, she accepted ten modeling jobs that earned her approximately $20,000. She then received an H-1B visa that allowed her to work.[10][29] According to The Washington Post, Knauss's credentials included "runway shows in Europe, a Camel cigarette billboard ad in Times Square and—in her biggest job at the time—a spot in the swimsuit edition of Sports Illustrated, which featured her on the beach in a string bikini, hugging a six-foot inflatable whale".[30][31][32]

After meeting Donald Trump, Knauss continued her modeling career[11] with American magazine cover shoots, including In Style Weddings,[33] New York magazine, Avenue,[34] Philadelphia Style,[35] and Vanity Fair Spain.[36] In 1999, the couple gained attention after a lewd interview with shock jock Howard Stern on his show.[6][37] Trump and Knauss appeared together while Trump campaigned for the 2000 Reform Party presidential nomination. When asked by The New York Times what her role would be if Trump were to become president, Knauss replied: "I would be very traditional, like Betty Ford or Jackie Kennedy."[38]

Marriage and family

Kylie Bax, Donald Trump, Bill Clinton (at that time the president of the United States), and Melania Knauss (future Trump) at the US Open in 2000, Flushing, New York

In September 1998, Knauss met then-real estate mogul Donald Trump at a party, and the couple began dating[39] while the latter was in the process of divorcing his second wife, Marla Maples. The divorce was finalized in 1999.[40][41]

Knauss became engaged to Trump in 2004. On January 22, 2005, they married in an Anglican service at the Episcopal Church of Bethesda-by-the-Sea in Palm Beach, Florida, followed by a reception in the ballroom at her husband's Mar-a-Lago estate.[42][43] The marriage was her first and his third. The event was attended by celebrities such as Katie Couric, Matt Lauer, former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani, Heidi Klum, Star Jones, P. Diddy, Shaquille O'Neal, Barbara Walters, Conrad Black, Regis Philbin, Simon Cowell, Kelly Ripa, Senator Hillary Clinton, and former president Bill Clinton.[43][44] At the reception, Billy Joel serenaded the crowd with "Just the Way You Are" and supplied new lyrics to the tune of "The Lady Is a Tramp".[43] The bride wore a US$200,000 dress made by John Galliano of the house of Christian Dior,[43] and the ceremony and reception were widely covered by the media,[45] including a Vogue cover which featured her in her wedding gown.[46]

On March 20, 2006, Donald and Melania Trump had a son, Barron William Trump.[47] Melania Trump chose her son's middle name, while her husband chose his first name.[48] She has four stepchildren: Stepsons Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump and stepdaughter Ivanka Trump from Donald's first marriage to Ivana Zelníčková, and stepdaughter Tiffany Trump from his second marriage to Marla Maples.

After she became a citizen in July 2006,[1] Trump sponsored her parents, Viktor and Amalija Knavs, using the "chain migration" immigration process that her husband later repeatedly criticized.[49][50] The Knavses became citizens in August 2018, five years after they acquired permanent residency.[49][51]

Business ventures

In 2010, Trump launched her own line of jewelry, Melania Timepieces and Jewelry, for sale on QVC.[52] She also marketed a Melania Marks Skin Care Collection at high-end department stores.[53][54] According to a financial filing in 2016, her businesses brought in between US$15,000 and US$50,000 in royalties that year.[55] In 2017, the two manufacturers of her jewelry and skincare products under license said they had terminated their relationship with her.[54] On inauguration day her companies and products were listed in her official White House biography but were quickly removed.[52] A White House spokesperson said her companies are no longer active and "the First Lady has no intention of using her position for profit and will not do so".[54]

Role in 2016 presidential campaign

Main article: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign
Melania gives the thumbs up at a campaign event with her husband Donald and son Barron, November 2015.

In November 2015, Trump was asked about her husband's presidential campaign and replied: "I encouraged him because I know what he will do and what he can do for America. He loves the American people, and he wants to help them".[56] She played a relatively small role in the campaign, which is atypical of spouses of presidential candidates.[57][58][59] According to Washington Post's Mary Jordan, however, Melania was one of Trump's biggest supporters and continues to be a sounding board to him.[60]

In 2016, Melania told CNN her focus as first lady would be to help women and children. She also said she would combat cyberbullying, especially among children.[61] In July 2016, her official website was redirected to trump.com. On Twitter, she stated that her site was outdated and did not "accurately reflect [her] current business and professional interests".[62]

On July 18, 2016, Melania Trump gave a speech at the 2016 Republican National Convention. It contained a paragraph that was nearly identical to a paragraph of Michelle Obama's speech at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.[63][64][65] When asked about it, Melania said she wrote the speech herself "with as little help as possible".[66] Two days later, Trump staff writer Meredith McIver took responsibility and apologized for the "confusion".[67] Melania was again accused of plagiarizing Michelle Obama's speeches when, as part of her "Be Best" campaign in 2018, she gave a speech that appeared to closely echo remarks by Michelle Obama in 2016 and also distributed a written pamphlet that was nearly identical to one published by the Obama administration in 2014.[68][69]

In February 2017, she sued Daily Mail and General Trust, the owner of the Daily Mail, a British tabloid, seeking US$150 million in damages over an August 2016 article that alleged that she had worked for an escort service during her modeling days. The lawsuit stated the article had ruined her "unique, once-in-a-lifetime opportunity" to establish "multimillion dollar business relationships for a multi-year term during which Plaintiff is one of the most photographed women in the world".[70] Her claim raised potential ethical questions with its implication that she intended to profit from being first lady.[71] On February 18, 2017, the lawsuit was amended, removing the language about her earning potential and focusing instead on emotional distress.[72] In April 2017, the parties settled the lawsuit and the Daily Mail issued a statement that said, "We accept that these allegations about Mrs. Trump are not true and we retract and withdraw them." The Mail agreed to pay her US$2.9 million.[73][74]

Five days before the election, she told a crowd of supporters in Pennsylvania: "Our culture has gotten too mean and too rough, especially to children and teenagers. It is never okay when a 12-year-old girl or boy is mocked, bullied, or attacked. It is terrible when that happens on the playground. And it is absolutely unacceptable when it is done by someone with no name hiding on the Internet".[75] Regarding the contrast of her platform with her husband's use of social media during his campaign, Melania said shortly after the election that she had rebuked him "all the time", but that "he will do what he wants to do in the end".[76]

First Lady of the United States (2017–2021)

With Donald, Liberty Ball, January 20, 2017

Trump assumed the role of first lady of the United States on January 20, 2017,[77][78] continuing to live in Manhattan at the Trump Tower with their son, Barron, until the end of his 2016–2017 school year at Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School.[79][80] A 2020 biography by Washington Post reporter Mary Jordan revealed that Melania stayed in New York to negotiate more favorable terms in her prenuptial agreement from Trump for her and their son.[60]

Vogue compared Trump's wardrobe as first lady to those of Jacqueline Kennedy and Nancy Reagan, writing that Melania closely worked with her stylist, designer Hervé Pierre, preferring "strongly tailored pieces" in bold colors and wearing almost exclusively outfits designed by high-end designers.[81][82]

Trump and her son, Barron, moved into the White House on June 11, 2017.[83] Her Secret Service code name was "Muse" (beginning with the same letter as Trump's code name, "Mogul", per Secret Service tradition).[84] She was the second foreign-born woman to hold the title of first lady, after Louisa Adams, wife of John Quincy Adams, who was born in 1775 in London to a father from Maryland and an English mother.[85][86] She is also the first naturalized citizen (rather than birthright citizen) to hold the title, and the first whose native language is not English.[87] Though it had frequently been reported that Trump speaks up to five foreign languages fluently, evidence has shown that when speaking French or Italian, her speech has been limited to basic greetings.[88]

According to an unauthorized biography, Trump was well-liked by her staffers, cordial to Ivanka Trump, and not close to Mike Pence's wife, Karen Pence.[89]

On March 8, 2017, Trump hosted her first White House event, a luncheon for International Women's Day. She spoke to an audience of women about her life as a female immigrant and about working towards gender equality both domestically and abroad, noting the role of education as a tool against gender inequality.[90][91][92]

In January 2018, The Wall Street Journal reported that during a three-month period when Trump lived in New York in 2017, she took Air Force jet flights between New York City, Florida, and Washington, at a cost of more than US$675,000 to taxpayers.[93][94] In comparison, former first lady Michelle Obama's solo travel cost an average of about US$350,000 per year.[93][94]

Melania Trump expresses her condolences to the family of El Paso shooting victims Jordan and Andre Anchondo on August 7, 2019.

On March 13, 2018, Trump scheduled a March 20, 2018 meeting with policy executives from technology companies — including Amazon, Facebook, Google, Snap, and Twitter — to address online harassment and Internet safety, with a particular focus on how those issues affect children.[95] Trump's office avoided the use of the term "cyberbullying",[95] and she came under criticism for championing Internet civility while her husband's Internet behavior had been noted as uncivil.[95][96] Trump attended the roundtable event, focusing on how children are affected by modern technology. Trump said: "I am well aware that people are skeptical of me discussing this topic", but "that will not stop me from doing what I know is right".[97]

Trump took an active role in planning a state dinner on April 23, 2018, to honor French president Emmanuel Macron.[98] With Brigitte Macron, the French president's wife, Trump visited a Paul Cézanne exhibit at the National Gallery of Art in Washington the day before.[99][100][101]

On June 17, 2018, Trump referred to the Trump administration's "zero tolerance" policy of denying asylum at the border with Mexico, where children were being separated from their parents. She stated that she hated "to see children separated from their families" and wanted there to be "successful immigration reform".[102] On June 21, 2018, she made a hastily planned trip to one of the Texas locations where the Trump administration's family separation policy was being carried out, attending a roundtable with doctors, medical staff, social workers and other experts at Upbring New Hope Children's Shelter.[103] On the way to the border facility, she caused controversy by wearing a jacket that read, "I really don't care, do u?" After much speculation about the jacket's message, including criticism that she may have been expressing indifference toward the families separated at the border, Trump stated that the jacket was aimed at people and media who were criticizing her.[104]

In October 2018, Trump took a four-nation, solo tour of Africa, without her husband, focusing on conservation and children and families, visiting Ghana, Malawi, Kenya and Egypt.[105]

On November 13, 2018, Trump issued an "extraordinary" public statement calling for the firing of Deputy National Security Advisor Mira Ricardel. She had reportedly been privately pushing for her ouster for weeks.[why?] The next day it was announced that Ricardel would "transition to a new role within the administration".[106] It was described as unusual for a first lady to be publicly involved in White House personnel decisions.[107]

After the El Paso, Texas shooting on August 3, 2019, in which a lone gunman killed 23 people and injured 23 others, Donald and Melania Trump visited a hospital where eight survivors were being cared for. The couple met with the families of survivors, hospital staff and first responders, and posed with a baby who had been orphaned when both of his parents were killed. The White House had asked that the child be brought in, and he was accompanied by his uncle.[108][109][110]

Despite Donald Trump's loss of the 2020 election, Melania Trump ended her tenure by endorsing his false statement that he had been the legitimate election winner. She did not contact incoming first lady Jill Biden to make transition arrangements or provide her the traditional tour of the White House.[111]

On October 1, 2020, on the CNN show Anderson Cooper 360°, Stephanie Winston Wolkoff, a former friend and senior adviser to the first lady, released audiotapes of Trump allegedly expressing controversial and profane statements regarding her frustration with the media, her image and role as first lady.[112][113] The Trump Justice Department filed a civil suit against Wolkoff in October 2019, alleging breach of a nondisclosure agreement, which the Biden Justice Department dropped in February 2021.[114] In September 2022, Trump claimed that the audiotapes had been strategically edited to make people believe that her duties in the White House had been unimportant to her.[115]

Be Best campaign

Main article: Be Best
The Trumps at the announcement of the First Lady's Be Best initiative, May 2018

On May 7, 2018, Trump formally started the Be Best public awareness campaign, which focused on well-being for youth and advocated against cyberbullying and drug use.[116] The campaign was accompanied by a booklet that was promoted as having been written "By First Lady Melania Trump and the Federal Trade Commission [FTC]", but it was nearly identical to a document published four years earlier by the FTC.[117] The similarities prompted accusations of plagiarism, to which her office responded by admonishing the press for reporting on the issue.[118] The fact-checking site Snopes found the charge of plagiarism "Mostly False" saying, "Melania Trump did not claim she had written the pamphlet herself, and she contributed an introduction to a slightly revised version of the booklet. The FTC was always credited for the creation of the booklet and supported its inclusion in the first lady's 'Be Best' campaign."[119]

In December 2019, Be Best became a trending topic on Twitter after Donald Trump used Twitter to mock teenaged environmental activist Greta Thunberg. A week before the incident, Melania Trump had criticized academic Pamela Karlan for making comments about her son, stating that: "A minor child deserves privacy and should be kept out of politics."[120]

Approval ratings

During her husband's 2016 campaign, Trump was the least popular presidential candidate's spouse in modern polling.[121] As First Lady, she managed to improve her favorability ratings from 2016 to mid-2018.[122] She reached a peak of 57% approval in May 2018 per CNN polling, shortly after her first state dinner, and her presence at the funeral of former first lady Barbara Bush without her husband Donald.[123] In December 2018, CNN reported that Melania's strongest base of support came from older, white, male Republicans and conservatives, while she had the least approval from women who were young or college-educated.[124]

In March 2019, YouGov reported that Melania Trump, with 51% approval, was polling more popularly among the American public than other members of her family: her husband Donald, stepchildren Donald Jr., Eric, and Ivanka, and her stepson-in-law Jared Kushner.[125] In August 2020, Morning Consult, in conjunction with Politico, reported that Melania, with 45% approval, was polling more favorably among the American public than any other Republican figures listed in the survey, including her family members, Vice President Mike Pence, Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell, and House minority leader Kevin McCarthy.[126]

In Gallup's annual poll of the most admired women, Melania Trump ranked in the top ten in each of her years as first lady but never topped the list. She joined Bess Truman and Lady Bird Johnson as American first ladies who had never been named the most admired woman in this survey since Gallup had begun conducting the annual survey in the 1940s.[127]

Trump finished her tenure in 2021 as the least popular first lady ever polled, according to polling by CNN, SRSS, and Gallup. Her final approval rating was 42%, and her final disapproval rating was 47%; she was the only first lady who finished with a net disapproval rating. Previous first ladies since the 1970s had final popularity ratings of 71% on average. The second-least popular first lady polled was Hillary Clinton, with a final approval rating of 52% and a final disapproval rating of 39%.[128]

Personal life

Melania Trump with Pope Francis, the Vatican, May 2017

Religion

When the president and first lady visited Vatican City in May 2017, Trump identified as Catholic. She was the first Catholic to live in the White House since President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline and was the second Catholic first lady of the United States.[129][130] When she visited the Vatican, Pope Francis blessed her rosary beads, and she placed flowers at the feet of a statue of the Madonna at the Vatican's Bambino Gesù children's hospital.[131]

Health

On May 14, 2018, Trump underwent an embolization, which is a minimally invasive procedure that deliberately blocks a blood vessel,[132] in order to treat a benign kidney condition. The procedure was successful and without complications.[133]

In October 2020, both Donald and Melania Trump tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and immediately quarantined.[134][135][136] Melania experienced only "mild symptoms."[137]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Pronounced /məˈlɑːniə/ mə-LAH-nee-ə; name prior to her marriage: Melania Knauss (IPA: [meˈlaːni̯a ˈknaʊs]), a Germanization of her Slovene birth name Melanija Knavs (IPA: [mɛˈlaːnija ˈknaːws]).
  2. ^ Hannah Van Buren, wife of Martin Van Buren, was a native Dutch speaker. However, she died before her husband became president and was never first lady.

References

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External links

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Honorary titles
Preceded by First Lady of the United States
2017–2021 		Succeeded by