Norrland terrain

The purple line marks a version of the southern boundary of the Norrland Terrain.

Norrland terrain (Swedish: Norrlandsterräng) is a geomorphic unit covering the bulk of Norrland and the northwestern half of Svealand.[1] Except for The High Coast the coastal areas of Norrland do not belong to the Norrland terrain.[2] The southern and eastern boundary of the Norrland terrain is made up of geological faults that disrupt the Sub-Cambrian peneplain found the lowlands.[3] In some locations these faults have been extensively eroded making the Norrland terrain boundary partly a result of erosion.[3] Karna Lidmar-Bergström categorizes the Norrland Terrain into the following classes:[2]

  1. Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 m.a.s.l.[note 1]
  2. Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden[note 2]
  3. Undulating hilly land of Övertorneå/Överkalix[note 3]
  4. Undulating hilly land of Boden area
  5. Large scale joint valley landscapes[note 4]
  6. Plains with residual hills of Dalarna
  7. Undulating hilly land of central Sweden

Phytogeography and soils

From the south the entrance to the Norrland terrain is not only seen in the relief but in the vast and contiguous boreal forests that extend north of it.[5] These forests are known in Sweden as Norra barrskogsregionen (lit. the northern conifer forest region). The southern boundary of the Norrland terrain was identified as a major phytogeographical boundary by Rutger Sernander. For example, the boundary coincides with the northernmost extension of natural grown oaks. The phytogeographical boundary is not fully sharp as valleys of the Norrland terrain constitute transition zones for vegetation.[6] Till and peat are the overwhelmingly commonest soil types.[7]

Gallery

  • Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 m.a.s.l. at the Abisko Alps, Lappland
    Highlands with well developed valleys above 500 m.a.s.l. at the Abisko Alps, Lappland
  • Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden at Jokkmokk, Lappland
    Plains with residual hills of Northern Sweden at Jokkmokk, Lappland
  • Large scale joint valley landscape at The High Coast, Ångermanland
    Large scale joint valley landscape at The High Coast, Ångermanland
  • Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden seen at Säter Municipality, Dalarna
    Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden seen at Säter Municipality, Dalarna
  • Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden at Hagfors, Värmland
    Undulating hilly land of Central Sweden at Hagfors, Värmland

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Geographer Anders Rapp do however exclude the Scandinavian Mountains from the terrain.[4]
  2. ^ "Plains with residual hills", "Monadnock plain" or "Inselberg plain" are translations of the original Swedish term "Bergkullsslätt". Another name for these surfaces in northern Sweden is Muddus plains.
  3. ^ "Undulating hilly land" is a translation of the original Swedish name "Bergkullsterräng" or "Bergkullsland".
  4. ^ "Large scale joint valley landscape" is a translation of the original Swedish term "Storskalig sprickdalslandskap". Sprickdalslandskap is itself a renaming of the earlier concept "Rutplatåland" (Square plateau land).

References

  1. ^ De Geer, Sten (1926). "Norra Sveriges landforms-regioner". Geografiska Annaler (in Swedish). 8. Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography: 125–136.
  2. ^ a b Lidmar-Bergströrm, Karna (1995). "Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield". Geomorphology. 12. Elsevier: 45–61.
  3. ^ a b Lidmar-Bergströrm, Karna (1996). "Long term morphotectonic evolution in Sweden". Geomorphology. 16. Elsevier: 33–59.
  4. ^ Rapp, Anders. "norrlandsterräng". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Cydonia Development. Retrieved November 22, 2021.
  5. ^ Sporrong, Ulf (2003). "The Scandinavian landscape and its resources". In Helle, Knut (ed.). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
  6. ^ "Norrlandsgränsen". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Cydonia Development. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  7. ^ Lundqvist, Jan (1969). "Landskapet". In Lundqvist, Magnus (ed.). Det Moderna Sverige (in Swedish). Bonniers. pp. 64–67.