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Italy (Italian : Italia , Italian: [iˈtaːlja] ⓘ ), officially Italian Republic (Italian : Repubblica Italiana , Italian: [reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna] ), is a country in Southern and Western Europe . Located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea , it consists of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands .
Italy shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland (Campione ) and an archipelago in the African Plate (Pelagie Islands ). Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi), with a population of nearly 60 million; it is the tenth-largest country by land area in the European continent and the third-most populous member state of the European Union . Its capital and largest city is Rome .
The Italian peninsula was historically the native place and destination of numerous ancient peoples . The Latin city of Rome in central Italy, founded as a Kingdom , became a Republic that conquered the Mediterranean world and ruled it for centuries as an Empire . With the spread of Christianity, Rome became the seat of the Catholic Church and of the Papacy . During the Early Middle Ages , Italy experienced the fall of the Western Roman Empire and inward migration from Germanic tribes. By the 11th century, Italian city-states and maritime republics expanded, bringing renewed prosperity through commerce and laying the groundwork for modern capitalism . The Italian Renaissance flourished in Florence during the 15th and 16th centuries and spread to the rest of Europe . Italian explorers also discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World , helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery . However, centuries of rivalry and infighting between the Italian city-states among other factors left the peninsula divided into numerous states until the late modern period. During the 17th and 18th centuries , the Italian economic and commercial importance significantly waned. (Full article... )
Raphael : The Betrothal of the Virgin (1504), Galleria degli Uffizi , Florence
Italian Renaissance painting is the painting of the period beginning in the late 13th century and flourishing from the early 15th to late 16th centuries, occurring in the Italian Peninsula , which was at that time divided into many political states, some independent but others controlled by external powers. The painters of Renaissance Italy, although often attached to particular courts and with loyalties to particular towns, nonetheless wandered the length and breadth of Italy, often occupying a diplomatic status and disseminating artistic and philosophical ideas.
The city of
Florence in
Tuscany is renowned as the birthplace of the
Renaissance , and in particular of Renaissance painting, although later in the era Rome and Venice assumed increasing importance in painting. A detailed background is given in the companion articles
Renaissance art and
Renaissance architecture . Italian Renaissance painting is most often divided into four periods: the Proto-Renaissance (1300–1425), the Early Renaissance (1425–1495), the
High Renaissance (1495–1520), and
Mannerism (1520–1600). The dates for these periods represent the overall trend in Italian painting and do not cover all painters as the lives of individual artists and their personal styles overlapped these periods. (
Full article... )
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Carlo Orelli
Espresso (,
Italian: [eˈsprɛsso] ) is one of the most popular
coffee -brewing methods, of Italian origin. The French also made a significant contribution to the invention of the first
coffee makers , predecessors of today's
espresso machines , and generally to the
café culture . Espresso can be made with a wide variety of
coffee beans and
roast degrees , in which a small amount of nearly boiling water is forced under pressure through finely-ground coffee beans. Espresso is the most common way of making coffee in southern Europe, especially in Italy, France, Spain and Portugal, but it is also popular in the rest of the world. (
Full article... )
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The following are images from various Italy-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci, possibly one of the most famous and iconic examples of
Italian art (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 2 The
Sagra dell'uva in
Marino , celebrating grapes (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 3 Federico Fellini , considered one of the most influential and widely revered
filmmakers in the history of cinema (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 4 The
Forum of
Pompeii with
Vesuvius in the distance (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 5 Teatro di San Carlo ,
Naples . It is the oldest continuously active venue for opera in the world. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 6 Ferragosto fireworks display in
Padua on 15 August 2010 (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 8 Royal Palace of Caserta , the largest royal residence in the world (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 12 Dante Alighieri , one of the greatest poets of the
Middle Ages . His epic poem
The Divine Comedy ranks among the finest works of
world literature . (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 13 The
Altare della Patria in Rome, a
national symbol of Italy celebrating the first king of the unified country, and resting place of the
Italian Unknown Soldier since the end of World War I. It was inaugurated in 1911, on the occasion of the 50th
Anniversary of the Unification of Italy . (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 14 The historic seat of the
Corriere della Sera in via Solferino in
Milan (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 15 Giorgio Moroder , pioneer of
Italo disco and
electronic dance music , is known as the "Father of disco". (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 16 Antonio Vivaldi , in 1723. His best-known work is a series of
violin concertos known as
The Four Seasons . (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 17 Folkloristic reconstruction of the
Company of Death led by
Alberto da Giussano who is preparing to carry out the
charge during the
battle of Legnano at the
Palio di Legnano 2014 (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 18 William Shakespeare is an example of an Italophile of the 16th century. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 19 John Florio is recognised as the most important Renaissance humanist in England (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 20 A wooden puppet depicting the
Befana (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 21 Alessandro Manzoni is famous for the novel
The Betrothed (1827), generally ranked among the masterpieces of
world literature . (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 23 Clockwise from top left:
Thomas Aquinas , proponent of natural theology and the Father of
Thomism ;
Giordano Bruno , one of the major scientific figures of the Western world;
Cesare Beccaria , considered the Father of criminal justice and modern criminal law; and
Maria Montessori , credited with the creation of the
Montessori education (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 24 Scrovegni Chapel . The chapel contains a
fresco cycle by
Giotto , completed about 1305 and considered to be an important masterpiece of
Western art . (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 29 The
Colosseum , originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, the largest ever built in the Roman Empire. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 30 Regional seat of
RAI in Cosenza (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 31 Palazzo Senatorio , seat of the municipality of
Rome . It has been a
town hall since AD 1144, making it the oldest town hall in the world. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 32 Traditional
pizza Margherita , whose ingredients,
tomato (red),
mozzarella (white) and
basil (green), are inspired by the colours of the national
flag of Italy . (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 34 David , by
Michelangelo (
Accademia di Belle Arti ,
Florence , Italy) is a masterpiece of Renaissance and world art. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 36 Luciano Pavarotti , considered one of the finest tenors of the 20th century and the "King of the
High Cs " (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 37 The cover of the
Corriere dei Piccoli on 11 July 1911 carries a cartoon strip in the Italian style without speech bubbles. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 38 St Mark's Basilica in
Venice , one of the best known examples of Italo-
Byzantine architecture (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 40 Sandro Botticelli ,
The Birth of Venus (c. 1486).
Tempera on canvas. 172.5 cm × 278.9 cm (67.9 in × 109.6 in).
Uffizi , Florence. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 41 Entrance to
Cinecittà in Rome, the largest film studio in
Europe (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 42 Pietà , by
Michelangelo is a key work of Italian Renaissance sculpture. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 46 Gelato is Italian ice cream. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 47 Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana in Rome is a perfect example of modern Italian architecture. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 48 The Creation of Adam is one of the scenes on the ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel of the Vatican, painted by Michelangelo sometime between 1508 and 1512. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 52 The
Jefferson Memorial in
Washington, D.C. , reflects the president's admiration for classical Roman aesthetics (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 53 The
Venice Film Festival is the oldest film festival in the world. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 54 The
espresso comes from the Italian
esprimere, which means "to express," and refers to the process by which hot water is forced under pressure through ground coffee. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 56 Leonardo da Vinci 's
Mona Lisa is an Italian art masterpiece worldwide famous. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 58 Romulus and Remus , the
Lupercal ,
Father Tiber , and the
Palatine on a
relief from a pedestal dating to the reign of
Trajan (AD 98–117) (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 61 Dario Fo , one of the most widely performed playwrights in modern theatre, received international acclaim for his highly
improvisational style. He was awarded the
Nobel Prize for Literature in 1997. (from
Culture of Italy )
Image 63 The
Roman Empire provided an inspiration for the medieval European. Although the
Holy Roman Empire rarely acquired a serious geopolitical reality, it possessed great symbolic significance. (from
Culture of Italy )
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