Star Alliance

Star Alliance
Launch date14 May 1997; 26 years ago (1997-05-14)
Full members26
Non-voting members40 affiliates
Destination airports1,294[1]
Destination countries195[2]
Annual passengers (M)762[2]
Annual RPK (G)1,739[1]
Fleet size5,033[1]
HeadquartersSingapore[3]
Management
Alliance sloganTogether. Better. Connected.
Websitestaralliance.com

Star Alliance is the world's first global airline alliance. [2] It was founded on 14 May 1997 and has its headquarters in Frankfurt Airport in Frankfurt, Germany, and Changi Business Park in Singapore.[6] Star Alliance is also the world's largest airline alliance by market share as of April 2024, with 17.4% of market share, compared to 13.7% of SkyTeam and 11.9% of Oneworld.[7]

Star Alliance's 26 member airlines operate a fleet of over 5,000 aircraft, serving more than 1,290 airports in 195 countries on more than 19,000 daily departures. The alliance has a two-tier rewards program, Silver and Gold, with incentives including priority boarding and upgrades. Like other airline alliances, Star Alliance airlines share airport terminals (known as co-locations), and many member planes are painted in the alliance's livery.

History

"The Star Alliance is Born" – airliners of the five founding members (United Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, Air Canada and Lufthansa) of the alliance gathered together, May 1997
Thai Airways Airbus A350-900 in Star Alliance livery, February 2024

1997-1999: Founding and early years

On May 14, 1997, an agreement forming the Star Alliance was announced with five airlines across three continents: United Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, Air Canada, and Lufthansa.[8][9] The alliance chose Young & Rubicam for advertising, with a budget of $25 million (€18 million).[10] The airlines shared the star logo from the beginning, with its five points representing the founding airlines. The alliance adopted its first slogan, "The Airline Network for Earth",[8] with its goal being "an alliance that will take passengers to every major city on earth".[9]

The now defunct Brazilian airline VARIG joined Star Alliance[8][11] on 22 October 1997, extending the alliance into South America. Also joining were Ansett Australia and Air New Zealand, expanding Star Alliance to Australia and the Pacific.[12] With the addition of the latter two carriers, the alliance served 720 destinations in 110 countries with a combined fleet of 1,650 aircraft. The next airline to join the alliance is Japan's All Nippon Airways on 15 October 1999, making it the second Asian airline in the alliance.[13][14]

2000s: Expansion and first decade

During the early 2000s, a number of airlines joined Star Alliance; the Austrian Airlines Group (Austrian Airlines, Tyrolean Airways and Lauda Air) joined on 26 March 2000[15][16] and Singapore Airlines on 1 April.[17] BMI (British Midland) and Mexicana joined on 1 July, bringing the alliance's membership to 13.[18] With Singapore Airlines' entry into the alliance, Thai Airways considered moving to OneWorld, but eventually decided to remain.[19] The addition of BMI made London Heathrow the only European hub with two alliances. During the year, Emirates considered joining Star Alliance, but decided against it.[20] That year the now-defunct BWIA West Indies Airways, which had entered an alliance with United Airlines, considered becoming a member but did not.[21] In 2000, the alliance also opened its first three business centers (in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, and Bangkok) and announced the formation of an Alliance Management Team (AMT), the partnership's executive body.[22] In September 2001, Ansett Australia (the alliance's only Australian member) left Star Alliance due to bankruptcy, giving most of the Australian market to Qantas (a Oneworld member). That year, Star Alliance announced the appointment of a new CEO, Jaan Albrecht.[22]

Partner airlines promoted the Star Alliance brand with a ‘Round the World’ ticket (RWT) that offered choices of 19,000, 21,000, and 23,000 miles with stopovers of 15 cities valid for one year. RWT was path-breaking in that travel buffs could visit destinations of their choice by charting a yearlong itinerary without disrupting work commitments. Until then, tourists took annual vacations of two or three weeks, often settling for lesser-known destinations because flights were overbooked during the peak holiday season. Customer loyalty ratings went up, driven by the underlying message – Forget about the countries and cities. Go where RWT ticket takes you![23]

Asiana Airlines joined the alliance on 1 March 2003,[24] Spanair on 1 May,[25] and LOT Polish Airlines (Poland's flag carrier) in October.[26] Around this time, Mexicana Airlines left the alliance after deciding not to renew a codeshare agreement with United Airlines, later joining Oneworld.[22] US Airways joined the alliance in May 2004,[27] becoming its second US-based airline. In November Adria Airways, Blue1 and Croatia Airlines joined the alliance as its first three regional members.[28]

Although Star Alliance invited Lineas Aereas Azteca in 2005 to join in mid-2007, the airline filed for bankruptcy. TAP Air Portugal joined on 14 March 2005, adding African destinations to the network.[29][30] In April 2006, Swiss International Air Lines, the alliance's sixth European airline, and South African Airways (its first African carrier) became the 17th and 18th members.[31]

By May 2007, Star Alliance's 10th anniversary, its members had a combined 16,000 daily departures to 855 destinations in 155 countries and served 406 million passengers annually. The alliance introduced Biosphere Connections, a partnership with UNESCO, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands to promote environmental sustainability.[32][33]

Today, nearly 30% of global air travellers use the services of our member carriers or, looking at it from an overall industry perspective, two-thirds of worldwide air travellers use one of the three airline alliances.

— Jaan Albrecht, former Star Alliance CEO[34]

VARIG left the alliance on 31 January 2007,[35] and the two Chinese airlines, Air China and Shanghai Airlines, joined on 12 December.[36]

On 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines joined the alliance after a 15-month integration process beginning in December 2006, becoming its 20th member.[37] EgyptAir, Egypt's national airline and Star Alliance's second African carrier, joined on 11 July 2008.[38]

On 27 October 2009, Continental Airlines became the 25th member of Star Alliance after leaving SkyTeam three days earlier. According to alliance CEO Jaan Albrecht, "Bringing Continental Airlines into Star Alliance has been a truly unique experience. This is the first time an airline has moved directly from one alliance to another, and I would like to thank all those involved in ensuring a smooth switch". At the time, it was rumoured that the switch was Continental's first move in a planned merger with United Airlines.[39] Two months later, Brussels Airlines joined the alliance.[40]

2010s: Further expansion and second decade of operations

Four members of Star Alliance at Tokyo Narita Airport: Thai, United, Swiss and SAS

Brazilian carrier TAM Airlines joined Star Alliance on 13 May 2010,[41] increasing its foothold in South America.[42] Aegean Airlines, Greece's largest airline by number of passengers, joined on 30 June.[43]

Shanghai Airlines left the alliance on 31 October 2010 when it merged with China Eastern Airlines, a SkyTeam member.[44] On 29 September, the chief executive board approved Ethiopian Airlines as Star Alliance's 30th member, though Ethiopian did not officially join the alliance until December of the following year.[45][46] In 2010 the alliance flew to 1,172 airports in 181 countries, with about 21,200 daily departures.[45]

Since 2011, the alliance has gained several large members, but it has lost others due to collapse or mergers. On 13 December 2011, Ethiopian Airlines joined, adding five countries and 24 destinations to the alliance's map.[47]

2012 and 2013 were tumultuous years for Star Alliance, starting with two key departures but ending with a major move into Latin America. In Europe, Spanair ceased operations, and BMI left after being acquired by International Airlines Group (IAG), the parent company of Oneworld members Iberia and British Airways. BMI was integrated into British Airways.[48][49] In North America, Continental merged with United Airlines, reducing Star Alliance's membership further, even if it effectively remained in the alliance after the merger.[50] On 21 June, though, Avianca, TACA Airlines and Copa Airlines joined, massively increasing the alliance's Latin American presence.[51] In November, Blue1 left after becoming an affiliate of parent Scandinavian Airlines.[52] and Shenzhen Airlines joined, augmenting Air China's Chinese network.[53] Taiwanese carrier EVA Air then joined on 18 June 2013, and after TACA's integration into Avianca, the alliance grew to 28 members, making it the largest of the three major airline alliances.[54][55] On 13 December, Air India was again invited to begin an integration process with Star Alliance and joined the alliance on 11 July 2014.[56]

Following this string of expansions, 2014 opened with two major departures through mergers. First, Brazilian carrier TAM Airlines merged with LAN Airlines to become LATAM Airlines Group, leaving the alliance without a presence in the world's fifth-largest country.[57] Next, US Airways completed its merger with American Airlines and also left the alliance.[58] Both parent companies stayed with Oneworld. On 24 June, though, the alliance finally approved Air India, which joined on 11 July, leaving the alliance at 27 members.[59][60][61][62]

Future expansion centres around the addition of Connecting Partners, subsidiaries or partners of alliance members which will add connectivity to the alliance without becoming full members. Avianca Brasil joined in this way on 22 July 2015, bringing the alliance back into the Brazilian market and partially filling the void left by TAM.[63] South African Airways' low-cost subsidiary, Mango, was initially announced to join as a Connecting Partner in Q3 2016[64] but has since been delayed. Juneyao Airlines, which codeshares with Shenzhen Airlines, joined as a Connecting Partner on 23 May 2017.[65][66][67] On 20 August 2019, Star Alliance announced affiliate member Avianca Brasil's exit from the alliance from 1 September 2019. The departure, however, won't affect Avianca's membership.[68][69] On 30 September 2019, Adria Airways ceased operations, and the airline exited the alliance on 2 October 2019.[70]

2020s: 25th anniversary and restructuring of several member airlines

The now-defunct regional subsidiary of Thai Airways, Thai Smile joined as a Connecting Partner in February 2020.[71] On January 2024, the Thai Smile brand was discontinued and folded into the parent airline as a result of the reorganization of Thai Airways International following bankruptcy.[72]

On 16 November 2020, Asiana Airlines announced their plans to exit the alliance.[73] Asiana will merge with Korean Air, the South Korean Government confirmed, in a $1.6 billion acquisition by the SkyTeam member.[74] In 2022, Lufthansa announced plans to buy a 40% stake in ITA Airways, a SkyTeam member. If this goes through, then they can become a member of Star Alliance.[75][76]

On 3 October 2023, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) announced its plan to leave Star Alliance and join SkyTeam after a consortium including Air France–KLM won the bid in SAS's Chapter 11 reorganization.[77] On April 2024, SAS announced that they will remain in Star Alliance until 31 August 2024. The transition towards an eventual membeship in SkyTeam will begin the following day, starting with "loyalty benefits when travelling on most SkyTeam airlines".[78]

Member airlines and affiliates

Air Canada, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International and United Airlines are the five founding members of the alliance.

Members and affiliates

Member[79] Joined Member Affiliates
Greece Aegean Airlines 30 June 2010 Greece Olympic Air
Canada Air Canada[A] 14 May 1997 Canada Air Canada Express[C]
Canada Air Canada Rouge
China Air China 12 December 2007 China Air China Inner Mongolia
China Beijing Airlines
China Dalian Airlines
India Air India 11 July 2014 India Air India Express
India AIX Connect
New Zealand Air New Zealand 3 May 1999 —
Japan All Nippon Airways 15 October 1999 Japan Air Japan
Japan ANA Wings
South Korea Asiana Airlines 28 March 2003 —
Austria Austrian Airlines 26 March 2000
Colombia Avianca 21 June 2012 Costa Rica Avianca Costa Rica
Ecuador Avianca Ecuador
El Salvador Avianca El Salvador
Colombia Avianca Express
Guatemala Avianca Guatemala
Belgium Brussels Airlines 9 December 2009 —
Panama Copa Airlines 21 June 2012 Colombia Copa Airlines Colombia
Croatia Croatia Airlines 18 November 2004 —
Egypt Egyptair 11 July 2008
Ethiopia Ethiopian Airlines 13 December 2011
Taiwan EVA Air 18 June 2013 Taiwan UNI Air
Poland LOT Polish Airlines 26 October 2003 —
Germany Lufthansa[A] 14 May 1997 Italy Air Dolomiti
Germany Lufthansa CityLine
DenmarkNorwaySweden Scandinavian Airlines[A][G] 14 May 1997 Republic of Ireland SAS Connect[B]
China Shenzhen Airlines 29 November 2012 —
Singapore Singapore Airlines 1 April 2000
 Singapore Scoot
South Africa South African Airways 10 April 2006 —
Switzerland Swiss International Air Lines 1 April 2006 Switzerland Edelweiss Air
Portugal TAP Air Portugal 14 March 2005 Portugal TAP Express[E]
Thailand Thai Airways International[A] 14 May 1997 —
Turkey Turkish Airlines 1 April 2008
United States United Airlines[A] 14 May 1997 United States United Express[F]

AFounding member.
BAffiliate is a wholly owned subsidiary that operates flights for its parent company (the member) under a different name.
CAffiliate is a majority owned subsidiary of its parent company (the member) under a different name.
DAir Canada Express flights are operated by Jazz Aviation and PAL Airlines.
ETAP Express flights are operated by Portugália Airlines.
FUnited Express flights are operated by CommutAir, GoJet Airlines, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airways and SkyWest Airlines.
GScandinavian Airlines will no longer be a Star Alliance member after 31 August 2024.

Star Alliance is located in Earth
ATH
ATH
YUL
YUL
YYZ
YYZ
YVR
YVR
PEK
PEK
PKX
PKX
CTU
CTU
DEL
DEL
AKL
AKL
HND
HND
NRT
NRT
ICN
ICN
VIE
VIE
BOG
BOG
BRU
BRU
PTY
PTY
ZAG
ZAG
CAI
CAI
ADD
ADD
TPE
TPE
WAW
WAW
FRA
FRA
MUC
MUC
CPH
CPH
OSL
OSL
ARN
ARN
SZX
SZX
SIN
SIN
JNB
JNB
ZRH
ZRH
LIS
LIS
BKK
BKK
IST
IST
DEN
DEN
GUM
GUM
ORD
ORD
IAH
IAH
LAX
LAX
EWR
EWR
SFO
SFO
IAD
IAD
BOM
BOM
class=notpageimage|
Star Alliance members hubs

Connecting Partners

Connecting Partner Joined Affiliates
China Juneyao Air[65] 23 May 2017 —

Intermodal partners

Starting from August 2022, the German railway provider Deutsche Bahn will be the first intermodal partner of the Star Alliance, whose airlines will in future be able to assign their own flight numbers for trains.[80][81]

Former members

Former member Joined Exited Affiliates Notes
Slovenia Adria Airways 18 November 2004 30 September 2019

Darwin Airline

Ceased operations on 30 September 2019.
Australia Ansett Australia 3 May 1999 12 September 2001 Aeropelican Air Services
Hazelton Airlines
Kendell Airlines
Skywest Airlines 		Left the alliance on 12 September 2001 after suffering financial collapse.[82] Ansett resumed operations on 1 October 2001, but would permanently cease operations on 4 March 2002. In 2002, Hazelton and Kendell merged to become Regional Express Airlines.
Brazil Avianca Brasil 22 July 2015 31 August 2019 — Ceased operations on 31 August 2019.
Finland Blue1 3 November 2004 1 November 2012 — Left the alliance on 1 November 2012 after SAS took over mainline operations, was a member affiliate of Scandinavian Airlines, and is now a part of CityJet.[52][83]
United Kingdom British Midland International 1 July 2000 20 April 2012 BMI Regional
Bmibaby 		Merged into British Airways, an International Airlines Group division and a Oneworld member, on 20 April 2012.[48]
United States Continental Airlines 27 October 2009 3 March 2012 Continental Connection
Continental Express
Continental Micronesia 		Merged with United Airlines on 3 March 2012.[84]
Mexico Mexicana 1 July 2000 31 March 2004 Aerocaribe Left the alliance in 2004 after deciding not to renew a codeshare alliance with United Airlines, opting instead to codeshare with American Airlines. Ceased operations on 28 August 2010.[85]
China Shanghai Airlines 12 December 2007 31 October 2010 China United Airlines Acquired by China Eastern Airlines, a SkyTeam member, on 31 October 2010.[86]
Spain Spanair 1 May 2003 27 January 2012 AeBal Ceased operations on 27 January 2012.[87]
El Salvador TACA Airlines 21 June 2012 27 May 2013 TACA Regional Merged with Avianca on 27 May 2013; renamed Avianca El Salvador.
Brazil TAM Airlines 13 May 2010 30 March 2014 TAM Paraguay Merged with LAN Airlines, a Oneworld member, on 30 March 2014.
United States US Airways 4 May 2004 30 March 2014 US Airways Express
US Airways Shuttle

MetroJet (American airline)

Merged with American Airlines, a Oneworld member, on 30 March 2014.[88]
Brazil VARIG 22 October 1997 31 January 2007 Nordeste
Rio Sul
PLUNA 		Ceased operations on 20 July 2006.[35]

Former affiliates of current members

Member Former affiliate Joined Exited Notes
Canada Air Canada Canada Air Alliance
1997
1999
 Folded into Air Canada Express[89]
Canada Air BC
1997
2001
 Folded into Air Canada Express[89]
Canada Air Canada Tango
2001
2004
 Folded into Air Canada.[90]
Canada Air Nova
1997
2001
 Folded into Air Canada Express[89]
Canada Air Ontario
1997
2001
Canada Zip
2002
2004
 Folded into Air Canada.[91]
India Air India India Alliance Air
2014
2022
 Formerly Air India Regional. From 15 April 2022, no longer a part of Air India after its divestment and will be run as an independent Business unit under the Government of India. Thus no longer a member of Star Alliance.
New Zealand Air New Zealand New Zealand Air Nelson
1997
2019
 Folded into Air New Zealand.
New Zealand Mount Cook Airlines
1999
2019
Japan All Nippon Airways Japan Air Next
2004
2010
 Merged with ANA Wings[92]
Japan Air Nippon
1999
2012
Colombia Avianca Peru Avianca Perú
2012
2020
 Ceased operations when Avianca filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy amid the COVID-19 pandemic.[93]
Austria Austrian Airlines Austria Lauda Air
2000
2013
 Replaced by Austrian Airlines operations, now known as Austrian myHoliday.[94]
Austria Tyrolean Airways
2000
2015
 Folded into Austrian Airlines[95]
Belgium Brussels Airlines Korongo Airlines
2009
2015
 Folded into Brussels Airlines[96]
Egypt EgyptAir EgyptEgyptAir Express
2006
2019
 Merged with EgyptAir
Poland LOT Polish Airlines Poland Centralwings
2004
2009
 Folded into LOT Polish Airlines[97]
Germany Lufthansa Italy Lufthansa Italia
2009
2011
 Folded into Lufthansa[98]
DenmarkNorwaySweden Scandinavian Airlines Finland Blue1
2012
2015
 Folded into Cityjet[52][83]
Singapore Singapore Airlines Singapore Silkair
1989
2021
 Folded into Singapore Airlines. Some routes transferred to Scoot.[99]
Singapore Tigerair
2003
2017
 Merged into Scoot.[100]
South Africa South African Airways South Africa South African Express
2006
2020
 Folded into South African Airways.
Switzerland Swiss International Air Lines Switzerland Swiss Global Air Lines
2007
2018
 Folded into Swiss International Air Lines after being dissolved.
Switzerland Swiss Private Aviation
2007
2011
 Absorbed into Swiss International Air Lines.[101]
Thailand Thai Airways International Thailand Thai Smile
2011
2024
 Folded into Thai Airways[102]
Turkey Turkish Airlines Cyprus Cyprus Turkish Airlines
2008
2010
 Folded into Turkish Airlines[103]
United States United Airlines United States United Shuttle
1997
2001
 Became part of United Airlines.[104]
United States TED
2004
2009
 Folded into United Airlines.[105]

Customer services

Frequent flyer programs, Star Alliance Silver and Gold status

Status miles can be earned across all Star Alliance member airlines’ frequent flyer programmes with only one frequent flyer card and attain Star Alliance Silver status or progress to Gold status, as membership in any Star Alliance airline program gives full access to the whole Star Alliance network with no need to register with any additional programme.

The more a customer flies on the Star Alliance network, the faster miles or points can be earned, which can be used redeem for a reward ticket or upgrade, along with several other rewards in specific airlines. Customers will have to provide their frequent flyer number when booking flights or when checking in whenever they fly with any Star Alliance member airline in eligible booking classes, for miles or points to be credited to their account.

The higher tier status levels of each member airlines’ frequent flyer programmes are mapped against the two uniformly recognised Star Alliance status levels Star Alliance Silver and Star Alliance Gold. These two status levels entitle special Star Alliance premium customer benefits and privileges. Several programs have premium statuses beyond Gold, but these statuses are still regarded under Gold status in the overall Star Alliance network.

Star Alliance Silver grants customers within the frequent-flyer program access to priority reservations waitlist and priority airport stand-by.[106][107] Star Alliance Gold is given to customers who have reached a higher level of a member airline's frequent-flyer program. Benefits are priority reservations waitlist, airport stand-by, check-in and baggage handling; an additional checked luggage allowance of 20 kg (or one extra piece, where the piece rule applies), and access to designated Star Alliance Gold lounges the day and place of departure with the presentation of a Star Alliance boarding pass. Some airlines also offer preferred seating (an exit seat or a special section of the plane); guaranteed seating on fully booked flights, subject to the booking class code and notice period, and free upgrades in the form of a voucher, certificate or automatic upgrade at check-in. United restricts US lounge access for their Gold Members to long-haul international passengers; Gold members from other carriers are welcome in US lounges run by United on all itineraries.[107]

It is possible to join multiple member airline frequent flyer programmes. However, as they are each managed separately, miles or points can neither be transferred between programs nor be consolidated into a single program. Therefore, using a single frequent flyer programme provides a faster path towards attaining Star Alliance Silver or Star Alliance Gold.[108][109]

Frequent flyer program list by airline and Star Alliance status equivalents
Airline Frequent flyer program Star Alliance Silver
equivalent status(es) 		Star Alliance Gold
equivalent status(es)
Austria Austrian Airlines Miles & More Frequent Traveller Senator
HON Circle
Belgium Brussels Airlines
Croatia Croatia Airlines
Poland LOT Polish Airlines
Germany Lufthansa
Switzerland Swiss International Air Lines
Greece Aegean Airlines Miles+Bonus Miles+Bonus Silver Miles+Bonus Gold
Canada Air Canada Aeroplan[110] 25K
35K 		50K
75K
Super Elite 100K
China Air China PhoenixMiles Silver Gold
Platinum
China Shenzhen Airlines
India Air India Flying Returns Silver Gold
Platinum[111]
New Zealand Air New Zealand Airpoints Silver Gold
Elite
Japan All Nippon Airways ANA Mileage Club Bronze Super Flyers
Diamond
Platinum
South Korea Asiana Airlines Asiana Club Gold Diamond
Diamond Plus
Platinum
Colombia Avianca LifeMiles Silver Gold
Diamond
Cenit
Panama Copa Airlines ConnectMiles ConnectMilesSilver Gold
Platinum
Presidential Platium
Egypt Egyptair EgyptAir Plus Silver Gold
Elite
Platinum
Ethiopia Ethiopian Airlines ShebaMiles Silver Gold
Platinum
Taiwan EVA Air Infinity MileageLands Silver Gold
Diamond
DenmarkNorwaySweden Scandinavian Airlines EuroBonus Silver Gold
Diamond
Pandion
Singapore Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer Elite Silver Elite Gold
PPS Club
Solitaire PPS Club
South Africa South African Airways Voyager Silver Gold
Platinum
Portugal TAP Air Portugal Miles&Go Silver Gold
Navigator
Thailand Thai Airways International Royal Orchid Plus Silver Gold
Platinum
Turkey Turkish Airlines Miles & Smiles Classic Plus Elite
Elite Plus
United States United Airlines MileagePlus Premier Silver Premier Gold
Premier Platinum
Premier 1K
Global Services

Codeshares

The common use of codeshare agreements led to suspicions of anti-competitive behaviour; the alliance was suspected by the European Union of being a virtual merger of its members, and speculation existed that if government regulations were relaxed the members would merge into one corporation.[112]

Star Alliance integrated a "regional" concept in 2004, which helped it penetrate markets with smaller regional carriers. To join, regional Star Alliance members had to be sponsored by an alliance member. The alliance no longer designates airlines as "regional" members, now referring to its 27 airlines as "members".[113]

In 2007, alliance members flew 18,521 daily flights to 1,321 airports in 193 countries with a fleet of 4,025 aircraft. Its members carried a total of 627.52 million passengers, with revenue of US$156.8 billion (€145 billion). It had 28 percent of the global market based on revenue passenger kilometres (RPK). All alliance carriers combined employed over 405,000 pilots, flight attendants, and other staff.[citation needed]

Some Star Alliance members paint some of their aircraft with the alliance livery, usually a white fuselage with "Star Alliance" across it and a black tail fin with the alliance logo; the colour or design of the engine cowlings or winglets remains, depending on the member's livery. Singapore Airlines and Air New Zealand were two exceptions: Singapore Airlines formerly kept its logo on the tails of its aircraft, but now uses the Star Alliance logo on white tails, while Air New Zealand now uses full black livery with reversed colored original Star Alliance livery elements. Asiana Airlines was the first Star Alliance member to paint its aircraft in the current Star Alliance livery.[114] Aircraft painted in an airline's regular livery have the Star Alliance logo between the cockpit and the first set of cabin doors, except double deck airliner like Boeing 747 and Airbus A380, which printed Star Alliance logo behind cockpit, and airliner with narrow space between the cockpit and the cabin door like the McDonnell Douglas DC-9\MD-80 and Comac ARJ21, which printed the Star Alliance logo under the cockpit or on the first cabin door.

References

  1. ^ a b c "Star Alliance Facts & Figures". Star Alliance. August 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "Star Alliance Facts and Figures". Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  3. ^ "Airline alliance 'Star Alliance' gives up headquarters in Frankfurt - MarketScreener". 2 November 2023.
  4. ^ "Star Alliance Management". www.staralliance.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  5. ^ "Scott Kirby Elected New Chairman of Star Alliance Chief Executive Board". www.staralliance.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  6. ^ "About". Star Alliance. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  7. ^ OAG. (December 7, 2022). Leading airline alliance passenger capacity as of November 2022, by market share [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved February 02, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/718635/airline-alliances-market-share/
  8. ^ a b c Bryant, Adam (14 May 1997). "United and 4 Others to Detail Air Alliance Today". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  9. ^ a b Tagliabue, John (15 May 1997). "5 Airlines Extend Limits of Alliances". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  10. ^ Meredith, Robyn (15 May 1997). "Airline Alliance Picks Y.& R." The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  11. ^ "5 Airlines In 'Global Branding' Alliance". Bloomberg News. nwsource.com. 14 May 1997. Archived from the original on 1 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  12. ^ "Star Alliance Welcomes New Members of the Team" (PDF). SAS. SAS Press Release. 3 May 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2014.
  13. ^ "ANA boards Star Alliance". The Nation. Google Archive. 24 October 1998. Archived from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  14. ^ "All Nippon Airways Joins Star Alliance air india tata airlines combined.Network" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2014.
  15. ^ "Austrian Airlines". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015.
  16. ^ "Austrian Airlines Group has joined Star Alliance" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2014.
  17. ^ "Singapore Airlines". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015.
  18. ^ "British Midland And Mexicana Airlines Welcomed to the Star Alliance Network". breakingtravelnews.com. 26 June 2000. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  19. ^ Schmeltzer, John (11 February 2000). "Thai Airways Considers Departing The Star Alliance". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  20. ^ Reece, Damian (13 August 2000). "Emirates poised to join Star Alliance". London: Telegraph.co.uk. p. 11. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
  21. ^ Lewis, Paul (16 May 2000). "BWIA seeks fleet renewal funds". Orlando: Flight International. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  22. ^ a b c "Star Alliance Chronological History". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015.
  23. ^ "Round the world". Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  24. ^ "Asiana Airlines". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015.
  25. ^ "Spanair". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 10 December 2011.
  26. ^ "LOT Polish Airlines". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015.
  27. ^ "US Airways Joins Star Alliance". The New York Times. 2 June 2004. Retrieved 20 October 2010.
  28. ^ "Croatia Airlines To Join Star Alliance". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  29. ^ "TAP brings Star Alliance new Africa destinations". The New York Times. 15 March 2005. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  30. ^ "TAP Air Portugal joins Star Alliance". AsiaTravelTips.com. 15 March 2005. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  31. ^ "Press release 07.04.2006". Swiss.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  32. ^ "Star Alliance Celebrates 10 Years" (Press release). Star Alliance. 14 May 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  33. ^ "Star Alliance Partners with Global Environmental Organisations" (PDF). UNESCO. 14 May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  34. ^ "Star Alliance marks 10th anniversary with Copenhagen event" (PDF). Star Alliance. 6 January 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  35. ^ a b "VARIG to leave Star Alliance". Boarding.no. 31 January 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  36. ^ "Air China". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
  37. ^ "Turkish Airlines joins Star Alliance" (Press release). Turkish Airlines. 1 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  38. ^ "Star Alliance soon to welcome Egypt Air". eTravel Blackboard. 13 June 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
  39. ^ Frary, Mark (20 June 2008). "Continental plans United tie-up; will leave SkyTeam for Star Alliance". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 17 November 2010.
  40. ^ [1]. Company.brusselsairlines.com. Retrieved on 8 October 2015.
  41. ^ "TAM Airlines Joins Star Alliance" (Press release). Star Alliance. 13 May 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  42. ^ "SkyTeam looking for new partners in Latin America, Asia and Africa". eTurboNews. 23 June 2010. Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  43. ^ "Aegean Airlines Joins Star Alliance Network" (Press release). Star Alliance. 30 June 2010. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  44. ^ "Shanghai Airlines to Leave Star Alliance at End of October, Xinhua Reports". Bloomberg. 29 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  45. ^ a b "Ethiopian Airlines Accepted as Future Star Alliance Member Carrier" (Press release). Star Alliance. 29 September 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  46. ^ Ethiopian Joins Star Alliance Aviation News February 2012 page 11
  47. ^ "Ethiopian Airlines Joins Star Alliance". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015.
  48. ^ a b "BMI Formally Leaves Star Alliance". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  49. ^ "Spanair Ceases Operations". Upgrd.com. 27 January 2012. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  50. ^ "A message for customers traveling on March 3". hub.united.com. United Airlines. 3 March 2012. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015.
  51. ^ "Avianca, TACA Airlines and Copa Airlines John Star Alliance". Star Alliance. 17 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015.
  52. ^ a b c "Blue1 to leave Star Alliance by end of November". Ch-Aviation. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  53. ^ "Shenzhen Airlines Joins". Star Alliance. 29 November 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  54. ^ "EVA Air Joins the Star Alliance". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015.
  55. ^ "Avianca-TACA primes for re-branding and intensifying competition with LATAM". CentreforAviation.com. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  56. ^ "Star Alliance and Air India Recommence Integration Process". Star Alliance. 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  57. ^ "Brazilian carrier TAM Airlines announced it will leave Star Alliance to join Oneworld". BusinessTravelNews.com. 4 October 2013. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  58. ^ "US Airways and TAM leave Star Alliance". Star Alliance. 31 March 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  59. ^ Mutzabaugh, Ben. "Star Alliance OKs Air India membership". USA Today. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  60. ^ Sinha, Saurabh (11 July 2014). "Air India joins Star Alliance, flyers to benefit from today". Times of India. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  61. ^ "Star Alliance Chief Executive Board Approves Air India Membership". Star Alliance. 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  62. ^ "Air India becomes a permanent member of Star Alliance". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  63. ^ "Avianca Brasil Joins Star Alliance Network". Star Alliance. 22 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  64. ^ "Star Alliance Launches Connecting Partner Model to Expand Network Reach Via Low-cost and Hybrid Airlines South African Airline Mango to be First Airline to Implement". 9 December 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  65. ^ a b "Star Alliance and Juneyao Seal Partnership" (Press release). Shanghai, China: Star Alliance. 10 October 2016. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
  66. ^ "China's Juneyao Airlines eyes Star Alliance's CPM". ch-aviation. 31 July 2016. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  67. ^ "Juneyao Airlines Becomes First Airline to Expand Star Alliance Network Under Connecting Partner Model" (Press release). Shanghai, China: Star Alliance. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  68. ^ "Avianca Brazil to Exit Star Alliance – FlyerTalk – The world's most popular frequent flyer community". 20 August 2019. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  69. ^ "Press – Star Alliance". www.staralliance.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  70. ^ "Adria Airways Leaves Star Alliance". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  71. ^ "Press – Star Alliance". www.staralliance.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  72. ^ "THAI will cover Thai Smile's routes after budget airline shuts down in January". nationthailand. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  73. ^ "Asiana's exit from Star Alliance to bolster Korean Air, Delta JV". 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 4 September 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  74. ^ Yonhap (16 November 2020). "Korean Air to buy indebted Asiana, emerging as world's 10th-largest airline". The Korea Herald. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  75. ^ Bailey, Joanna (7 January 2022). "Lufthansa Could Buy up to 40% of ITA Airways". Simple Flying. London. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  76. ^ Cusmano, Joe (February 2022). "MSC and Lufthansa Offer to Buy ITA Airways". Travel Daily. London. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  77. ^ "SAS reaches major milestone in SAS FORWARD – announces the winning consortium, including details of the transaction structure". SAS Group. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  78. ^ SAS "From Star Alliance to SkyTeam" access date=15 April 2024
  79. ^ "Member Airlines". Star Alliance. Archived from the original on 29 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  80. ^ "Star Alliance Intermodal Partnership". Star Alliance.
  81. ^ "Deutsche Bahn joins Star Alliance". Aviation24.be. 29 June 2022.
  82. ^ Cook, Terry (15 September 2001). "Australia's second biggest airline collapses". Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  83. ^ a b "SAS Enters into Agreements with Cityjet for Wet Lease and Sale of Blue1" (Press release). 1 October 2015. Archived from the original on 16 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  84. ^ "Two mega-airlines are United: Continental is no more". Houston News. 3 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  85. ^ "Mexicana airline leaves Star Alliance". USAToday.com. 14 November 2013. Archived from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  86. ^ "Shanghai to end Star Alliance membership". ATWOnline.com. 29 July 2010. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  87. ^ "Spanair collapses, stranding 200,000 passengers". BBC. 30 January 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  88. ^ "US Airways leaves Star Alliance, joins Oneworld". Business Journals. 31 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  89. ^ a b c Deveau, Scott (26 April 2011). "Air Canada launches new regional brand". Financial Post. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  90. ^ "Applying rouge". Airliner World: 88–96. March 2015.
  91. ^ "Air Canada's Zip shut down". 8 September 2004. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  92. ^ "ANA Group History". Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  93. ^ "Avianca Perú anuncia cierre de operaciones y un proceso de disolución y liquidación". RPP Noticias. 10 May 2020. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  94. ^ "AUA-Ferienmarke, myHoliday ersetzt die Lauda Air". 1 October 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  95. ^ "Austrian Bord unter Dach und Fach". 31 October 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  96. ^ "Congo's Kornogo Airlines Throws in the Towel". 6 September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  97. ^ "LOT Polish Pulls the Plug on Centralwings". 3 April 2009. Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  98. ^ "Lufthansa changes its Italy strategy". 23 May 2011. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  99. ^ "Singapore Airlines merges SilkAir into its parent company brand". sg.style.yahoo.com. 5 February 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  100. ^ Abdullah, Zhaki (26 July 2017). "After merger, Scoot adds 5 destinations". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  101. ^ "SWISS PrivateAviation – Home". Swiss Private Aviation. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  102. ^ Russell, Edward (17 October 2023). "Thai Airways to Complete Thai Smile Merger, Exit Bankruptcy in 2024". Airline Weekly. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  103. ^ "Cyprus Turkish Airlines Goes Bankrupt". 22 October 2010. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  104. ^ "Bankrupt United to start West Coast shuttle service, reapply for loan". 13 December 2002. Archived from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  105. ^ "United Shut Down Ted Airlines". 13 December 2002. Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  106. ^ "The complete guide to Star Alliance". Executive Traveller. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  107. ^ a b "Star Alliance: Benefits and Privileges". Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  108. ^ "Earn". Star Alliance. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  109. ^ "Benefits and Privileges". Star Alliance. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  110. ^ "Make Your Miles Count". Air Canada. Archived from the original on 25 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  111. ^ "About Flying Returns Membership". Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  112. ^ "Current issues arising with airline alliances: panel discussion. European Air Law Association. 11th Annual Conference. Recent developments in European air transport law and policy Lisbon". Ec.europa.eu. 5 November 1999. Archived from the original on 27 March 2008. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  113. ^ "Member Airlines". Staralliance.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  114. ^ "Star Alliance Launches New Aircraft Livery; New Member Asiana Airlines to Premiere Bold New Design". PRNewsWire. 22 November 2002. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2015.

External links

Media related to Star Alliance at Wikimedia Commons