Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA)

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The Supreme Council, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction, USA is the first Supreme Council of Scottish Rite Freemasonry, founded in 1801. Its official full name is "The Supreme Council (Mother Council of the World) of the Inspectors General Knights Commander of the House of the Temple of Solomon of the Thirty-third Degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States of America."^[1] It is also commonly known as The Supreme Council, 33°, Southern Jurisdiction, or by some other varying degree of complete titulage. It is sometimes called the Mother Supreme Council of the World. It is the governing body of Scottish Rite Freemasonry in its jurisdiction,^[2] and is one of five Supreme Councils in the United States, along with the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, two Prince Hall Affiliated Supreme Councils, and the Supreme Council of Louisiana.

It claims that all other Supreme Councils and Subordinate Bodies of the Scottish Rite are derived from it,^[3] although some degrees in the Scottish Rite were practiced before the Southern Jurisdiction was organized. It oversees the Scottish Rite in 35 states.^[4] The other 15 states fall under the Northern Jurisdiction, which is an independent body.

The Scottish Rite is one of the appendant bodies of Freemasonry that a Master Mason may join for further exposure to the principles of Freemasonry. To join the Supreme Council, one must attain the 32° of the Scottish Rite. The 33° is an honorary degree which only some members obtain.

In the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, the Supreme Council consists of no more than 33 members, and is presided over by a Grand Commander. Other members of the Supreme Council are called Sovereign Grand Inspectors General (SGIG), and each is the head of the Rite in his respective Orient (or state). Other heads of the various Orients who are not members of the Supreme Council are called Deputies of the Supreme Council.

History

The Supreme Council was founded in Charleston, South Carolina in May 1801^[4] at Shepheard's Tavern at the corner of Broad and Church Streets (the tavern had been the location of the founding of Freemasonry in South Carolina in 1754). The Founding Fathers of the Scottish Rite who attended became known as "The Eleven Gentlemen of Charleston". They included:

• John Mitchell – Received a patent April 2, 1795, from Barend Moses Spitzer granting him authority as Deputy Inspector General to create a Lodge of Perfection and several Councils and Chapters wherever such Lodges or Chapters were needed. Born in Ireland in 1741, he came to America at an early age. He served as Deputy Quartermaster General in the Continental Army and was the first Grand Commander of the Supreme Council.
• Frederick Dalcho – A physician, he served in the Revolutionary Army and was stationed at Fort Johnson. He formed a partnership in 1801 with Dr. Isaac Auld, another of the original members. He was an outstanding orator and author. In 1807 he published the first edition of Ahiman Rezon. He became an editor of the Charleston Courier, was a lay reader and deacon in the Episcopal Church, and in 1818 was ordained as a priest.
• Alexandre Francois Auguste de Grasse, known as Comte de Grasse-Tilly. He was born in France as the eldest legitimate son of François Joseph Paul de Grasse, a French admiral known as a hero of the American Revolution for defeating the British fleet in the Battle of the Chesapeake. He inherited his father's title, and likely had the highest social ranking of the original eleven founders. He was the youngest of the members and was named to become the Grand Commander of the West Indian Islands. After Napoleon came to power, de Grasse returned to France and resumed his military career. He also extended Freemasonry, establishing the Supreme Council of France and councils in other European cities.
• Jean-Baptiste Marie de La Hogue – He was a native of Paris who had lived in Saint-Domingue until the revolution there; father-in-law of de Grasse, he was a founding member of La Candeur Lodge in Charleston.
• Thomas Bartholemew Bowen – Was the first Grand Master of Ceremonies of the new Supreme Council. He was a Major in the Continental Army and a printer by trade.
• Abraham Alexander – Was one of the first Sovereign Grand Inspectors General. He was born in London in 1743 and immigrated to Charleston in 1771. He was a prominent Sephardic Jew and had been described as "a Calligraphist of the first order"; he was elected as the first Grand Secretary General.
• Emanuel de la Motta – A Sovereign Grand Inspector General. Also, a Sephardic Jew, he was by trade a merchant and auctioneer. He was a member of Friendship Lodge and was reported to be devoted to the study of Jewish literature and Masonry.
• Isaac Auld – An eminent physician, associated in medical practice with Dr. Dalcho. He was a strong Congregationalist.
• Israel de Lieben – A Sovereign Grand Inspector General and the first Grand Treasurer General. He was born in Prague and emigrated to the United States at 21. He was known as "the liberal-headed Jew", who was "tolerant in his religious opinions" and was considered to be intelligent, enterprising, liberal and generous.
• Moses Clava Levy – Born in Kraków, Poland, he was a prosperous merchant, was generous and helpful to the unfortunate, and devoted to his adopted city and country.
• James Moultrie – the only native South Carolinian among the original members. He was a physician, and according to Albert Pike, "was one of the foremost Citizens of South Carolina".
• Isaac Da Costa, another Sephardic Jew, was one of the deputies commissioned to establish Morin's Rite of the Royal Secret in other countries; he formed constituent bodies of the Rite in South Carolina in 1783. These are considered to have become in 1801, The Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction. All regular Scottish Rite bodies today derive their heritage from this body.

In 1813, a member of the Supreme Council established in^[5] New York a Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction of the United States of America. In 1823, the Supreme Council granted jurisdiction of the fifteen states east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River to the Supreme Council for the Northern Jurisdiction. ^[4]

In 1870, "its residence was moved to Washington, D.C.," although " its see remains in Charleston."^[6]

In 1911 the Mother Supreme Council began construction of a new headquarters of the Supreme Council in the District of Columbia, called the House of the Temple. Finished in 1915, the House of the Temple remains their headquarters to this day. It is located at 1733 Sixteenth Street, NW.^[4] The House of the Temple also contains the remains of Albert Pike, the author of Morals and Dogma.

Writing

An important philosophical document of the Southern Jurisdiction was Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, written by Albert Pike in 1872. A copy of Morals and Dogma was given to every new member in the Southern Jurisdiction until 1974. The book given to new initiates then became Grand Commander Henry C. Clausen's Clausen's Commentaries On Morals and Dogma (1976), then Rex Hutchens' A Bridge to Light (1988). Following the adoption of the "Revised Standard Pike Ritual," Hutchens' book was revised in 2010 by Scottish Rite Grand Archivist and Grand Historian Arturo de Hoyos. Currently, de Hoyos' Scottish Rite Ritual Monitor and Guide (2007, rev. 2010) is now distributed to new members as is Albert Pike's Morals and Dogma: Annotated Edition (2011).

Degree Structure

The degrees offered by the Southern Jurisdiction can be divided into four categories:^[7]

1. Lodge of Perfection - 4° through 14°
2. Chapter of Rose Croix - 15° through 18°
3. Council of Kadosh - 19° through 30°
4. Consistory - 31° and 32°

As of 2017, the topics of the degrees are as follows:^[8][9][10]

The inspiration for the various degrees are as follows:

Degrees from German Illuminism of the Tribunal of the Holy Vehme:

• 9 Elected Master of the 9
• 10 Illustrious Elected of the 15
• 11 Sublime Elected Knight
• 21 Prussian Knight or Noachite

Degrees of Hebrew and Biblical Origin:

• 4 Secret Master
• 5 Perfect Master
• 6 Intimate Secretary
• 7 Provost and Judge or Irish Master
• 8 Superintendent of Buildings or Master in Israel
• 12 Grand Master Architect
• 13 Royal Arch
• 14 Grand Scottish of the Sacred Vault of Jacques VI or Grand Elected
• 15 Knight of the East or Knight of the Sword
• 16 Prince of Jerusalem
• 17 Knight of the East and West

Temple Degrees:

• 19 Grand Pontiff or Sublime Scottish
• 20 Grand Master of Symbolic Lodges or Master ad vitam
• 23 Chief of the Tabernacle
• 24 Prince of the Tabernacle
• 25 Knight of the Brazen Serpent
• 26 Prince of Compassion, Prince of Mercy
• 27 Sovereign Commander of the Temple
• 29 Grand Scottish of Saint Andrew of Scotland or Knight of Saint Andrew of Scotland

Alchemical and Rosicrucian Degrees:

• 22 Royal Axe, Prince of Lebanon
• 28 Adequate Prince, Knight of the Sun

Philanthropy

The Supreme Council in 1928 made a gift of $1 million to the George Washington University in D.C., to fund the creation of a School of Business.^[11]

Sovereign Grand Commanders

The head of the Southern Jurisdiction is titled the Sovereign Grand Commander. A total of 21 men have held this office since 1801. Albert Pike and John H. Cowel's tenures of 32 years were the longest.

The list of Sovereign Grand Commanders is as follows:

• 1801-1816: John Mitchell
• 1816-1822: Frederick Dalcho
• 1822-1826: Isaac Auld^[12]
• 1826-1844: Moses Holbrook^[13]
• 1844-1845: Jacob De La Motta (acting)^[14]
• 1845-1846: Alexander McDonald
• 1846-1858: John H. Honour
• 1858-1859: Charles M. Furman (acting)
• 1859-1891: Albert Pike
• 1892-1893: James C. Batchelor
• 1893-1895: Philip C. Tucker
• 1895-1900: Thomas H. Caswell^[15]

  

• 1901-1914: James D. Richardson
• 1914-1921: George F. Moore^[16]
• 1921-1953: John H. Cowles
• 1952-1955: Thomas J. Harkms
• 1955-1969: Luther S. Smith
• 1969-1985: Henry C. Clausen
• 1985-2003: C. Fred Kleinknecht
• 2003-2019: Ronald A. Seale
• 2019-present: James D. Cole

References

External links

• "Scottish Rite Freemasonry" The Supreme Council, 33°, A.&A.S.R. of Freemasonry, S.J., USA (2008).
• "Scottish Rite History" Orient of California (2008).
• Scottish Rite Member Handbook (2016)