Voiced bilabial affricate

Voiced bilabial affricate
bβ

The voiced bilabial affricate ([b͡β] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop [b] and released as a voiced bilabial fricative [β]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

Features

Features of the voiced bilabial affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Banjun[1] [example needed]
English Broad Cockney[2] rub [ˈɹ̠ɐˑb͡β] 'rub' Sporadic allophone of /b/.[3] See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[4] Rare allophone of /b/.[4] See English phonology
Scouse[5] [ˈɹ̠ʊˑb͡β] Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /b/.[5] See English phonology
Shipibo[6] boko [ˈb͡βo̽ko̽] 'small intestine' Possible realization of /β/. See Shipibo phonology.[6]
Ngiti[7] abvɔ [āb͡βɔ̄] 'thorny vine' Rarely [bβ] more commonly [b̪v][8]

Notes

  1. ^ "Phoible 2.0 -".
  2. ^ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
  3. ^ Wells (1982), p. 323.
  4. ^ a b Cruttenden (2014), p. 172.
  5. ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 372.
  6. ^ a b Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001).
  7. ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1992), p. 31.
  8. ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1992), p. 45.

References

External links