Lennuäss
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Adolphe_P%C3%A9goud.jpg/220px-Adolphe_P%C3%A9goud.jpg)
Lennuäss on sõjaväelendur, tavaliselt hävituslennuki piloot, kes on õhulahingutes alla tulistanud märkimisväärse arvu vaenlase lennukeid. Vajalik hävitatud vaenlase lennukite arv "ässa" nimetuse pälvimiseks on riigiti kokkuleppeline, kuid tavaliselt on see viis või enam.
Esimese lennuässana sai kuulsaks prantslane Adolphe Pégoud (6 hävitatud lennukit). Väidetavalt kuulsaim lennuäss oli sakslane Manfred von Richthofen, tuntud ka kui Punane Parun, kes hävitas I maailmasõja õhulahingutes 80 vaenlase lennukit. Esimene, kes tulistas ühe päeva jooksul alla viis vaenlase lennukit, oli Austria-Ungari sõjaväelendur Julius Arigi (22. augustil 1916).[viide?] Esimene eestlasest lennuäss oli Jaan Mahlapuu.[1]
Kõigi aegade tipplennuäss oli Luftwaffe piloot Erich Hartmann, kes tulistas II maailmasõja õhulahingutes alla 352 vaenlase lennukit. Edukaim mittesaksa piloot oli Soome sõjaväelendur Ilmari Juutilainen, kelle arvele jäi 94 hävitatud lennukit (neist 2 Talvesõjas).
Nõukogude lenduritest pälvisid Lidija Litvjak ja Jekaterina Budanova, vastavalt 12 ja 11 võiduga, lennuässa nimetuse ning on ka ainsad naislennuässad.[2]
II maailmasõja käigus eri pooltel võidelnud piloodi, prantslase Pierre Le Gloani eriliseks saavutuseks on nelja Saksa, seitsme Itaalia ja seitsme Inglise lennuki allatulistamine.
Lennuässade loendid
Alltoodud loendid ei ole täielikud.
I maailmasõda
Nimi | Riik | Üksus | Võite | Märkused |
---|---|---|---|---|
Manfred von Richthofen | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 80 | Punane Parun |
René Fonck | ![]() |
Aviation militaire | 75 | Parim prantslane |
Edward "Mick" Mannock | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 73 | Parim britt |
Billy Bishop | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 72 | |
Ernst Udet | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 62 | |
Raymond Collishaw | ![]() |
Royal Naval Air Service | 62 | |
James McCudden | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 57 | |
Erich Löwenhardt | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 54 | |
William Barker | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 53 | |
Georges Guynemer | ![]() |
Aviation militaire | 53 | |
Werner Voss | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 48 | |
George McElroy | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 47 | |
Robert Little | ![]() |
Royal Naval Air Service | 47 | |
Albert Ball | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 44 | |
Charles Nungesser | ![]() |
Aviation militaire | 43 | |
Oswald Boelcke | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 40 | |
Lothar von Richthofen | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 40 | Manfred von Richthofeni vend |
Godwin Brumowski | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 35 | |
Francesco Baracca | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 34 | |
Kurt Wolff | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 33 | |
Julius Arigi | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 32 | |
Benno Fiala von Fernbrugg | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 28 | |
Frank Linke-Crawford | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 27 | |
Eddie Rickenbacker | ![]() |
US Army Air Service | 26 | Ameerika äss |
Silvio Scaroni | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 26[3] | |
Pier Ruggero Piccio | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 24[3] | |
Erwin Böhme | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 24 | |
Hermann Göring | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 22 | Hilisem Luftwaffe juht |
Flavio Baracchini | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 21[3] | |
Fulco Ruffo di Calabria | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 20 | |
Wilhelm Reinhard | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 20 | Eskadrilli komandör pärast Punast Parunit |
Josef Kiss | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 19 | |
Franz Graser | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 18 | |
Frank Luke | ![]() |
US Army Air Service | 18 | |
Ferruccio Ranza | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 17[3] | |
Marziale Cerutti | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 17[3] | |
Eugen Bonsch | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 17 | |
Raoul Lufbery | ![]() |
US Army Air Service | 17[4] | |
Stefan Fejes | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 16 | |
Ernst Strohschneider | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 15 | |
Max Immelmann | ![]() |
Luftstreitkräfte | 15 | Omanimelise manöövri leiutaja |
Adolf Heyrowsky | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 12 | |
Luigi Olivari | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 12[3] | |
James White | ![]() |
Royal Naval Air Service | 12 | |
Franz Rudorfer | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 11 | |
Kurt Gruber | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 11 | |
Giovanni "Giannino" Ancillotto | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 11[3] | |
Antonio Reali | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 11[3] | |
Friedrich Navratil | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 10 | |
Raoul Stojsavljevic | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 10 | |
Adrian Cole | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 10 | |
Gottfried Freiherr von Banfield | ![]() |
k.u.k. Luftfahrtruppen | 9 | l'Aquila di Trieste |
Christopher Draper | ![]() |
Royal Naval Air Service | 9 | |
Cyril Lowe | ![]() |
Royal Flying Corps | 9 | |
Alvaro Leonardi | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 8 | |
Gastone Novelli | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 8 | |
Flaminio Avet | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 8 | |
Giovanni Nicelli | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 8 | |
Carlo Francesco Lombardi | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 8 | |
Ernesto Cabruna | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 8 | |
Mario Fucini | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 7 | |
Attilio Imolesi | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 6 | |
Antonio Chiri | ![]() |
Corpo Aeronautico | 6 | |
Jaan Mahlapuu | ![]() |
Venemaa Keiserlik Lennuvägi | 5[1] |
Hispaania kodusõda
Nimi | Riik | Üksus | Võite |
---|---|---|---|
Joaquín García Morato | ![]() |
Aviación Nacional | 40 |
Alois Vasatko | ![]() |
Fuerzas Aéreas de la República Española | 17 |
Mario Bonzano | ![]() |
Aviazione Legionaria | 15 |
Werner Mölders | ![]() |
Legione Condor | 14 |
Brunetto di Montegnacco | ![]() |
Aviazione Legionaria | 14 |
Guido Presel | ![]() |
Aviazione Legionaria | 13 |
Wolfgang Schellman | ![]() |
Legione Condor | 12 |
Harro Harder | ![]() |
Legione Condor | 11 |
Abel Guides | ![]() |
Fuerzas Aéreas de la República Española | 10 |
Adriano Mantelli | ![]() |
Aviazione Legionaria | 10 |
Guido Nobili | ![]() |
Aviazione Legionaria | 10 |
II maailmasõda
Pikemalt artiklis Teise maailmasõja õhuässade loend
Nimi | Riik | Üksus | Võite |
---|---|---|---|
Erich "Bubi" Hartmann | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 352 |
Gerhard Barkhorn | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 301 |
Günther Rall | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 275 |
Otto Kittel | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 267 |
Walter Nowotny | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 237 |
Erich Rudorffer | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 222 |
Heinz Bär | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 220 |
Hermann Graf | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 212 |
Johannes Steinhoff | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 176 |
Hans-Joachim Marseille | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 158 |
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 121 |
Adolf Galland | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 103 |
Werner "Vati" Mölders | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 101 |
Ilmari Juutilainen | ![]() |
Soome õhuvägi | 94 |
Hiroyoshi Nishizawa | ![]() |
Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun Kōkū Hombu | 87 |
Hans Wind | ![]() |
Soome õhuvägi | 75 |
Erbo, Kagenecki krahv | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 67 |
Saburo Sakai | ![]() |
Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun Kōkū Hombu | 64 |
Ivan Kožedub | ![]() |
NSV Liidu õhuväed | 62 |
Horst Carganico | ![]() |
Luftwaffe | 60 |
Aleksandr Pokrõškin | ![]() |
NSV Liidu õhuväed | 59 |
Alexandru Serbanescu | ![]() |
Forţele Aeriene Regale ale României | 56 |
Eino Luukkanen | ![]() |
Soome õhuvägi | 56 |
Constantin Cantacuzino | ![]() |
Forţele Aeriene Regale ale României | 53 |
Richard I. Bong | ![]() |
USAAF | 40 |
Thomas McGuire | ![]() |
USAAF | 38 |
Johnnie Johnson | ![]() |
Royal Air Force | 38 |
Francis "Gabby" Gabreski | ![]() |
USAAF | 34½ |
David McCampbell | ![]() |
U.S. Navy | 34 |
Pierre Clostermann | ![]() |
Royal Air Force | 33 |
Adolph Malan | ![]() |
Royal Air Force | 32 |
Ioan Milu | ![]() |
Forţele Aeriene Regale ale României | 30 |
Gregory "Pappy" Boyington | ![]() |
USMC | 28 |
Robert S. Johnson | ![]() |
USAAF | 28 |
Franco Lucchini | ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica | 28[5] |
Adriano Visconti | ![]() ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica ja ANR | 26 |
Teresio Martinoli | ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica | 23 |
Franco Bordoni Bisleri | ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica | 24 |
Cecil E. Harris | ![]() |
U.S. Navy | 23 |
Ion Mucenica | ![]() |
Forţele Aeriene Regale ale României | 22 |
Stanislaw Skalski | ![]() |
Lotnictwo Wojska Polskiego | 22 |
Domeic Salvatore "Don" Gentile | ![]() |
U.S. Air Force | 21,5 |
Karel Kuttelwascher | ![]() |
Royal Air Force | 20 |
Leonardo Ferulli | ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica | 19 |
Luigi Gorrini | ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica | 19 |
Josef Frantisek | ![]() |
Lotnictwo Wojska Polskiego | 17 |
Ion Malacescu | ![]() |
Forţele Aeriene Regale ale României | 17 |
Kunimori Nakakariya | ![]() |
16 | |
Ugo Drago | ![]() ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica ja ANR | 15 |
Fernando Malvezzi | ![]() ![]() |
Regia Aeronautica ja ANR | 10 |
Korea sõda
Nimi | Riik | Üksus | Võite |
---|---|---|---|
Nikolai Sutjagin | ![]() |
VVS | 21 |
Jevgeni Pepeljaev | ![]() |
VVS | 23 |
Capt. Joseph M. McConnell | ![]() |
USAF | 16 |
Major James Jabara | ![]() |
USAF | 15 |
Capt. Manuel J. "Pete" Fernandez | ![]() |
USAF | 14 1/2 |
Maj. George A. Davis | ![]() |
USAF | 14 |
Lev Shchukin | ![]() |
VVS | 13 |
Sergei Kramarenko | ![]() |
VVS | 13 |
Richard D. Creighton | ![]() |
USAAF | 7 |
Vietnami sõda
Nimi | Riik | Üksus | Võite |
---|---|---|---|
Nguyễn Văn Cốc | ![]() |
Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam | 9 |
Mai Van Cuong | ![]() |
Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam | 8 |
Randall "Duke" Cunningham/William Driscoll | ![]() |
U.S. Navy | 5 |
Charles B. DeBellevue | ![]() |
USAF | 6 |
Vadim Petrovitš Stsbakov | ![]() |
VLO riigid (1) | 6 |
Araabia-Iisraeli konflikt
Nimi | Riik | Üksus | Võite |
---|---|---|---|
Col. (Res.) Giora Epstein | ![]() |
Heyl Ha'Avir | 17 |
Yiftah Spector | ![]() |
Heyl Ha'Avir | 15 |
Amir Nahumi | ![]() |
Heyl Ha'Avir | 15 |
Majid Zugbi | ![]() |
Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiyya al-'Arabiyya al-Suriyya | 6 |
Djur Abid Adib | ![]() |
Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiyya al-'Arabiyya al-Suriyya | 5 |
Majad Halabi | ![]() |
Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiyya al-'Arabiyya al-Suriyya | 5 |
Iraani-Iraagi sõda
Nimi | Riik | Üksus | Võite |
---|---|---|---|
Jalal Zandi | ![]() |
Niru-ye Havayi-ye Artesh-e Jomhuri-ye Eslami-e Iran | 9[6][7] |
Mohommed Rayyan | ![]() |
Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiyya al-'Iraqiyya | 6[8][9] |
Yadollah Javadpour | ![]() |
Niru-ye Havayi-ye Artesh-e Jomhuri-ye Eslami-e Iran | 5[10] |
Viited
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Eesti ajalugu V, lk 418.
- ↑ Bergström, Christer (2007). Barbarossa – The Air Battle: July–December 1941. Classic Publications. Lk 83. ISBN 1-85780-270-5.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 3,7 Ali Italiane 1908–1922 – Distribuzione Rizzoli Editore 1978.
- ↑ Peter Almond – Aviation – The Early years – Köneman Verlagsgesellschaft mbH 1997.
- ↑ Flavio Silvestri (12. mai 2001). "Cap. Franco Lucchini – the Top Italian Ace" (inglise). WW II Ace Stories. Originaali arhiivikoopia seisuga 9. juuni 2007. Vaadatud 26. november 2013.
- ↑ aces.safarikovi.org – Iran
- ↑ Ülejäänud kolme väidetavat võitu Lääne allikad ei kinnita.
- ↑ aces.safarikovi.org – Iraq
- ↑ Ülejäänud nelja väidetavat võitu Lääne allikad ei kinnita.
- ↑ Imperial Iranian Air Force – Samurai in the skies
Kirjandus
- Dunnigan, James F. How to Make War: A Comprehensive Guide to Modern Warfare in the Twenty-first Century. HarperCollins, 2003. ISBN 0-06-009012-X, 9780060090128.
- Farr, Finis. Rickenbacker's Luck: An American Life. Houghton Mifflin, 1979. ISBN 0-395-27102-9, ISBN 978-0-395-27102-5.
- Fricker, John. Battle for Pakistan: The Air War of 1965. I Allan, 1979. ISBN 0-7110-0929-5, ISBN 978-0-7110-0929-5.
- Hobson, Chris. Vietnam Air Losses, USAF, USN, USMC, Fixed-Wing Aircraft Losses in Southeast Asia 1961–1973. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2001. ISBN 1-85780-115-6.
- Galland, Adolf The First and the Last London, Methuen, 1955 (Die Ersten und die Letzten Germany, Franz Schneekluth, 1953)
- Johnson, J. E. "Johnnie", Group Captain, RAF. Wing Leader (Ballantine, 1967)
- Lake, John The Battle of Britain London, Amber Books 2000 ISBN 1-85605-535-3
- Robinson, Bruce (ed.) von Richthofen and the Flying Circus. Letchworth, UK: Harleyford, 1958.
- Shores,Christoper Air Aces. Greenwich CT., Bison Books 1983 ISBN 0-86124-104-5
- Stenman, Kari and Keskinen, Kalevi. Finnish Aces of World War 2, Osprey Aircraft of the Aces, number 23. London: Osprey Publishing. 1998. ISBN 952-5186-24-5.
- Toliver & Constable. Horrido!: Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe (Aero 1968)
- Toperczer, Istvan. MIG-17 and MIG-19 Units of the Vietnam War. Osprey Combat Aircraft, number 25. (2001).
- Toperczer, Istvan MIG-21 Units of the Vietnam War. Osprey Combat Aircraft, number 29. (2001).