Biafrako Gerra

Nigeriako Gerra Zibila
Gerra Hotza
Biafrako Errepublika independentea 1967ko ekainean
Data	1967ko uztailaren 6a–1970eko urtarrilaren 15a
Lekua	Biafra
Emaitza	Nigeriarren garaipena
Gudulariak
Nigeria Arabiar Errepublika Batua (aireko laguntza)[1][2] Laguntza:  Ameriketako Estatu Batuak[3]  Erresuma Batua  Sobietar Batasuna  Bulgaria[4]  Etiopiako Inperioa[5]  Senegal  Somalia  Sierra Leona  Kamerun  Niger  Aljeria  Siria  Saudi Arabia[6]  Biafra Laguntza:  Frantzia[7]  Israel[8]  Portugal[9]  Hegoafrika  Rhodesia[10]  Haiti[7]  Italia  Egoitza Santua [11]  Txina  Jugoslavia  Kanada  Gabon[7]  Boli Kosta[7]  Mendebaldeko Alemania[7]  Tanzania[12]
Buruzagiak
Yakubu Gowon Murtala Mohammed Benjamin Adekunle Olusegun Obasanjo Mohammed Shuwa E.A. Etuk Shehu Musa Yar'Adua Theophilus Danjuma Ibrahim Haruna Ipoola Alani Akinrinade Ted Hamman† Muhammadu Buhari Ibrahim Babangida Isaac Adaka Boro† Idris Garba Mustafa Shalaby El Hennawy Odumegwu Ojukwu Philip Effiong Alexander Madiebo Albert Okonkwo Victor Banjo Ogbugo Kalu Joseph Achuzie Azum Asoya Mike Inveso Timothy Onwuatuegwu† Rolf Steiner Festus Akagha Lynn Garrison Taffy Williams Jonathan Uchendu Ogbo Oji Humphrey Chukwuka H.M. Njoku
Indarra
85.000​-150.000 (1967) 200.000​-250.000 ​(1970) 10.000​-100.000 ​(1967) 50.000​-100.000 ​(1970)

Nigeriako Gerra Zibila - arruntean Biafrako Gerra deitua - 1967ko uztailaren 7tik 1970eko urtarrilaren 15era artean Nigeriako gobernua eta Biafrako estatu sezesionista artean izandako gatazkari ematen zaion izena da. Biafra igbo herriaren aldarrikapen nazionalista izan zen, iparraldetik zuzendutako gobernu federalak zapalduta zegoena. Nigeriaren deskolonizazioak 1960 eta 1963 artean eragindako tirabira politiko, ekonomiko, etniko, kultural eta erlijiosoek gatazka sortu zuten baina 1966ko estatu-kolpeak, kontraerasoak eta iparraldeko Nigerian bizi ziren igboen aurkako pogromak zuzeneko txinpartak izan ziren. Gainera Nigerren deltako petrolio ustiapenak garrantzi estrategikoa izan zuen.

Handik urtebetera, gobernu federalak Biafra inguratu, petrolioaren azpiegituraz arduratu eta Port Harcourt hiria hartu zuen. Blokeoak gosetea eragin zuen eta, gerran zehar, 100.000 militar hiltzeaz gain 500.000 eta 2 milioi arteko briafar zibil ere gosez hil ziren.^[13]

1968. urterako, elikatu gabeko briafar irudiak mendebaldeko hedabideetan zabaldu eta cause célèbre bilakatu zen, gobernuz kanpoko erakundeek emari asko lortuz. Erresuma Batuak eta Sobietar Batasunak Lagosko gobernua babestu zuten; Frantziak, Israelek eta beste herrialdeek, berriz, Biafraren alde egin zuten. Egungo Nigeriak oraindik gerraren ondorioak pairatzen ditu.

• Baxter, Peter (2015). Biafra: The Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970. Helion and Company. ISBN 9781910777473.
• Achebe, Chinua. There Was a Country, by Chinua Achebe; Penguin Press, 2012. (ISBN 978-1-59420-482-1)
• Chant, Christopher. Warfare of the 20th Century. Chartwell Books, 1988. Ibadan University Press, 1974.
• Daly, Samuel Fury Childs. A History of the Republic of Biafra: Law, Crime, and the Nigerian Civil War, (Cambridge University Press, 2020) online review
• Diamond, Larry. Class, Ethnicity and Democracy in Nigeria: The Failure of the First Republic. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Press, 1988. ISBN 0-333-39435-6
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• Heerten, Lasse; Moses, A. Dirk (2014). "The Nigeria–Biafra war: postcolonial conflict and the question of genocide". Journal of Genocide Research. 16 (2–3): 169–203. doi:10.1080/14623528.2014.936700.
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• Ojiaku, Chief Uche Jim. Surviving the Iron Curtain: A Microscopic View of What Life Was Like, Inside a War-Torn Region. 2007. ISBN 1-4241-7070-2; ISBN 978-1-4241-7070-8
• Olawoyin, James Alabi Olabisi. "Historical Analysis of Nigeria–Biafra Conflict". Master of Laws thesis accepted at York University (Toronto, Ontario), October 1971.
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• Zumbach, Jan. On Wings of War: My Life as a Pilot Adventurer.

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