Freund, Bill. 1998. The Making of Contemporary Africa: The Development of African Society since 1800. 2nd izdanje. Palgrave-Macmillan. Basingstoke. ISBN978-0-333-69872-3
Pakenham, Thomas. 1992. The Scramble for Africa: the White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912. 13th izdanje. Abacus. London. ISBN978-0-349-10449-2
Vansina, Jan. 2010. Being Colonized: The Kuba Experience in Rural Congo, 1880-1960. University of Wisconsin Press. Madison. ISBN978-0299236441
Vanthemsche, Guy. 2012. Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980. Cambridge University Press. New York. ISBN978-0-521-19421-1
Stanard, Matthew G. "Belgium, the Congo, and Imperial Immobility: A Singular Empire and the Historiography of the Single Analytic Field,"French Colonial History (2014) str. 15-109.