Avram Hershko

Avram Hershko (in ebraico: אברהם הרשקו; Karcag, 31 dicembre 1937) è un biochimico e biologo ungherese naturalizzato israeliano.

Emigrò in Israele nel 1950. Ricevette il dottorato in medicina nel 1965 e il suo Ph.D. nel 1969 dalla Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, a Gerusalemme. Attualmente è un Professore Emerito alla facoltà di medicina al Technion di Haifa.

Nel 2000 ha ricevuto l'Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research. Insieme ad Aaron Ciechanover e Irwin Rose, gli è stato conferito il Premio Nobel per la chimica 2004 per la scoperta della degradazione delle proteine ubiquitina-dipendente^[1]. Il ciclo del proteasoma ubiquitina gioca un ruolo chiave nel mantenimento dell'omeostasi delle cellule e si pensa sia coinvolto nello sviluppo e nell'avanzamento di malattie come: tumori, malattie muscolari e neurologiche, risposte immunitarie ed infiammatorie.

• 1987 - Weizmann Prize for Sciences (Israele)
• 1994 - Premio Israele in Biochimica
• 1999 - Gairdner International Award Canada (insieme a A. Varshavsky)
• 2000 - Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (insieme a A. Ciechanover e A. Varshavsky).
• 2001 - Premio Louisa Gross Horwitz dalla Columbia University
• 2001 - Premio Wolf in Medicina, Gerusalemme
• 2003 - Foreign Associate, National Academy of Sciences, USA
• 2004 - Premio Nobel per la chimica

• (EN) Avram Hershko, Aaron Ciechanover, Hanna Heller, Arthur L. Haas e Irwin A. Rose, Proposed role of ATP in protein breakdown: Conjugation of proteins with multiple chains of the polypeptide of ATP-dependent proteolysis, in PNAS, vol. 77, n. 4, 1980, pp. 1783-1786.
• (EN) Avram Hershko, Hanna Heller, Sara Elias e Aaron Ciechanover, Components of ubiquitin-protein ligase system: resolution, affinity purification and role in protein breakdown, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 258, 1983, pp. 8206-8214.
• (EN) A. Hershko, E. Leshinsky, D. Ganoth e H. Heller, ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, in PNAS, vol. 81, n. 6, 1984, pp. 1619-1623.
• (EN) A. Hershko, H. Heller, E. Eytan e Y. Reiss, The protein substrate binding site of the ubiquitin-protein ligase system, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 261, 1986, pp. 11992-11999.
• (EN) D. Ganoth, E. Leshinsky, E. Eytan e A. Hershko, A multicomponent system that degrades proteins conjugated to ubiquitin. Resolution of components and evidence for ATP-dependent complex formation, in Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 263, 1988, pp. 12412-12419.
• (EN) V. Sudakin, H. Heller, A. Hershko et al., The cyclosome, a large complex containing cyclin-selective ubiquitin ligase activity, targets cyclins for destruction at the end of mitosis, in Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol. 6, n. 2, 1995, pp. 185-198.

• Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Avram Hershko

• (EN) Avram Hershko, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
• (EN) Avram Hershko, su nobelprize.org.
• "Hungarian" Nobel Prize winners Crooked Timber
• Avram Hershko Jewish Virtual Library
• Due israeliani vincono il Nobel per la chimica Archiviato il 19 dicembre 2005 in Internet Archive. su Isracast
• Sito ufficiale del premio Louisa Gross Horwitz, su cumc.columbia.edu.

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford (1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner, John Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels, Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin, Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz, John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton, Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Stein (1972) • E. O. Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown, Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger (1980) • Ken'ichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman, Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis, Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer, John Ernest Walker, Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn, John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles, Ryōji Noyori, Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn, Kōichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011) • Brian Kobilka, Robert Lefkowitz (2012) • Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel (2013) • Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell, William Moerner (2014) • Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar (2015) • Jean-Pierre Sauvage, James Fraser Stoddart, Bernard Feringa (2016) • Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson (2017) • Frances Hamilton Arnold, George Pieczenik Smith, Gregory Paul Winter (2018) • John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino (2019) • Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna (2020) • David MacMillan, Benjamin List (2021) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless (2022) • Moungi Bawendi, Aleksej Ekimov, Louis Brus

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