James Watt

James Watt
James Watt
	Portrait of James Watt (1736-1819) ; adidasar saka Carl Frederik von Breda
Lair	19 Januari 1736; Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland
Pati	25 Agustus 1819 (umur 83); Handsworth, Birmingham, England
Padunungan	Glasgow then Handsworth, Great Britain
Bangsa	Scottish
Warga nagara	United Kingdom
Kondhang ing	Improving the steam engine
	Karièr ngèlmiah
Babagan	Mechanical engineer
Institutions	University of Glasgow; Boulton and Watt
Tandha tangan

Cithakan:Eponim ékan

James Watt (lair ing Greenock, Sekotlan, 19 Januari 1736 – pati ing Birmingham, Inggris, 19 Agustus 1819 ing umur 83 taun) iku insinyur saka Sekotlan, Karajan Manunggal. James Watt lair ing kulawarga kang ora mampu. Nalika cilik, James ora disekolahaké amarga kaanan James lemah. Sanajan ora sekolah, James tetep éntuk ngèlmu saka Bapak ibuné ing omah. Nalika iku, James duwé kesenengan nggambar. Amarga wong tuwané ora mampu nukokaké kertas gambar, mula James nggambar ing tungku perapian. Saliyané seneng nggambar, James uga duwé kasenengan mbongkar dolanané kang saka kayu banjur dirakit manèh dadi wujud liya. Saka iku, wong tuwané ngerti yèn James duwé bakat ing babagan mesin. Nalika umur limalas taun, James wis ngrampungaké maca buku filsafat alam kaping pindho. Saliyané iku, James nggawé piranti kang bisa ngréwangi gawéan kang abot. Dhéwékè wis nggawé katrol, dhèrèk cilik, pompa, mbeneraké piranti kapal kang rusak, James uga seneng nyinaoni babagan astronomi. Ing umuré kang semana, James wis duwé méja makarya dhéwé kanggo mergawé minangka pande wesi.^[4]

Nalika umur wolulas taun, James mara menyang London kanggo merguru ing bèngkèl John Morgan ngenani mesin. Sawisé mudheng babagan mesin, James balik menyang Glasgow mbuka bèngkèl dhéwé. Amarga kapinterané, James bisa èntuk panggonan kanggo digawé bèngkèl ing Universitas Glasgow. Ing Universitas iku, James èntuk akèh kanca kanggo ngembangaké idené nggawé mesin uwab. Sadurungé, wis ana Hero, ahli ngèlmu alam Yunani kang duwé ide iki. Ing taun 1764, James èntuk kasempatan mbeneraké mesin Newcomen. James Watt wiwit katarik ngenani mesin uwab amarga ndeleng mesin uwab gawéan Newcome kang kurang èfisièn. Banjur dhèwèké nganakaké sawatara pacoban & panelitèn. Wusanané kasil nyipta mesin uwab pisanan kang èfisièn. Nyatané mesin uwab iki minangka salah siji kakuwatan kang nyurung anané Revolusi Indhustri, mligi ing Karajan Manunggal lan Éropah.^[5] Kanggo ngregani jasané, jeneng kulawargané ya iku watt banjur minangka jeneng ékan daya, umpamané daya mesin lan daya listrik. James Watt tau makarya karo Dr. John Roebuck lan Matthew Bolton.

James nikah karo Margareth Miller lan duwé putra loro, ya iku James lan Greory. Nanging putra kang Greory séda ing taun 1804. James uga duwé kapinteran bisa gampang gaul mula duwé akèh kanca. Kanca-kancanè saka Inggris, kaya déné Dr. Priestly, panemu gas asem, Dr. Darwin lan Josiah Wedgwood. James Watt séda ing taun 1819 nalika yuswané wolongpuluh telu taun. James disarékaké ing Gréja Paroki Handsworth.^[4]

Pranala njaba

James Watt

Cathetan sikil

↑ Although a number of otherwise reputable sources give his date of death as 19 August 1819, all contemporary accounts report him dying on 25 August and being buried on 2 September. The date 19 August originates from the biography The Life of James Watt (1858, p. 521) by James Patrick Muirhead. It draws its (supposed) legitimacy from the fact that Muirhead was a nephew of Watt and therefore should have been well-informed. In the Muirhead papers, the 25 August date is mentioned elsewhere. The latter date is also given in contemporary newspaper reports (for example, page 3 of The Times of 28 August) as well as by an abstract of and codicil to Watt's last will. (In the pertinent burial register of St. Mary’s Church (Birmingham-Handsworth) Watt's date of death is not mentioned.)
↑ Carnegie, Andrew. James Watt. The Minerva Group, Inc. kc. 215. ISBN 0-89875-578-6, 9780898755787. {cite book}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (pitulung)
↑ James Watt and the steam engine: the memorial volume prepared for the Committee of the Watt centenary commemoration at Birmingham 1919. Clarendon press. 1927. kc. 78. It is difficult to say anything as to Watt's religious belief, further than that he was a Deist. {cite book}: |access-date= requires |url= (pitulung); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (pitulung)
↑ ^a ^b [Sihombing dan Dwiyana. 2006. Buku Pintar Tokoh Ternama. Pustaka Delapratasa. ISBN 979-8965-58-2]
↑ Dickenson, H. W. (1935). James Watt: Craftsman and Engineer. Cambridge University Press.

[deathdate-1] Although a number of otherwise reputable sources give his date of death as 19 August 1819, all contemporary accounts report him dying on 25 August and being buried on 2 September. The date 19 August originates from the biography The Life of James Watt (1858, p. 521) by James Patrick Muirhead. It draws its (supposed) legitimacy from the fact that Muirhead was a nephew of Watt and therefore should have been well-informed. In the Muirhead papers, the 25 August date is mentioned elsewhere. The latter date is also given in contemporary newspaper reports (for example, page 3 of The Times of 28 August) as well as by an abstract of and codicil to Watt's last will. (In the pertinent burial register of St. Mary’s Church (Birmingham-Handsworth) Watt's date of death is not mentioned.)

[2] Carnegie, Andrew. James Watt. The Minerva Group, Inc. kc. 215. ISBN 0-89875-578-6, 9780898755787. {cite book}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (pitulung)

[3] James Watt and the steam engine: the memorial volume prepared for the Committee of the Watt centenary commemoration at Birmingham 1919. Clarendon press. 1927. kc. 78. It is difficult to say anything as to Watt's religious belief, further than that he was a Deist. {cite book}: |access-date= requires |url= (pitulung); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (pitulung)

[Jam1-4] [Sihombing dan Dwiyana. 2006. Buku Pintar Tokoh Ternama. Pustaka Delapratasa. ISBN 979-8965-58-2]

[5] Dickenson, H. W. (1935). James Watt: Craftsman and Engineer. Cambridge University Press.

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