Reza Shah

Jeneng dawa
	Reza Pahlavi; Pèrsi: رضا پهلوی‎‎

Reza Pahlavi
Reza Pahlavi
Alâhazrat Homâyuni Šâhanšâh
Shah of Iran
Panjenengan	15 December 1925 –; 16 September 1941
Pamakuthan	25 April 1926
Leluhur	Ahmad Shah Qajar
Panerus	Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Prime Ministers	See list Mohammad-Ali Foroughi ; Hassan Mostowfi ; Mehdi Qoli Hedayat ; Mohammad-Ali Foroughi ; Mahmoud Jam ; Ahmad Matin-Daftari ; Ali Mansur ;
20th Prime Minister of Iran
Term	28 October 1923 –; 1 November 1925
Leluhur	Hassan Pirnia
Panerus	Mohammad-Ali Foroughi
Monarch	Ahmad Shah Qajar
Minister of War
Term	24 April 1921 –; 1 November 1925
Leluhur	Masoud Kayhan
Panerus	Amir Abdollah Tahmasebi
Monarch	Ahmad Shah Qajar
Lair	15 Maret 1878; Alasht, Savad Kooh, Mazandaran, Persia
Surud	26 Juli 1944 (umur 66); Johannesburg, South Africa
Astana	7 May 1950; Reza Shah's mausoleum, Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine, Rey
Garini	Maryam Khanum; Tadj ol-Molouk (queen consort); Qamar ol-Molouk; Esmat ol-Molouk
Putra	Princess Hamdamsaltaneh; Princess Shams; Mohammad Reza Shah; Princess Ashraf; Prince Ali Reza; Prince Gholam Reza; Prince Abdul Reza; Prince Ahmad Reza; Prince Mahmoud Reza; Princess Fatimeh; Prince Hamid Reza
Jeneng dawa
Jeneng dawa
	Reza Pahlavi; Pèrsi: رضا پهلوی‎‎
Wangsa	Pahlavi
Bapa	Abbas-Ali
Ibu	Noush-Afarin
Agama	Atheism Cithakan:Infobox politician

Reza Shah Pahlavi ( Pèrsi: رضا شاه پهلوی ; kocap [reˈzɑː ˈʃɑːhe pæhlæˈviː] ; 15 Maret 1878 - 26 Juli 1944), sing misuwur kanthi jeneng Reza Shah , yaiku Shah Iran saka 15 Desember 1925 nganti dheweke dipeksa dadi abdine dening invasi Anglo-Soviet ing Iran tanggal 16 September 1941.

Rong taun sawisé kudeta Persia 1921 , dipimpin déning Zia'eddin Tabatabaee , Reza Pahlavi dadi perdana menteri Iran. Pengangkatan kasebut didukung dening sidang nasional Iran. Ing taun 1925, Reza Pahlavi diangkat minangka raja hukum Iran kanthi kaputusan dadi wakil rakyat Iran. Déwan kasebut nggulingaké Ahmad Shah Qajar , Shah pungkasan saka dinasti Qajar , lan pindhah menyang konstitusi 1906 Iran kanggo ngidini pilihan Reza Pahlavi. Panjenenganipun ngedegaken dinasti Pahlavi ingkang dumugi taun 1979 nalika Revolusi Iran . Reza Shah nepungake pirang-pirang reformasi sosial, ekonomi, lan politik nalika pemerintahane, pungkasane mbangun pondasi negara Iran modern.

Warisan-Nya tetep kontroversial nganti saiki. Pembélaoné nyatakaké yèn dhèwèké minangka pasukan modhèrn modernisasi kanggo Iran (sing utamané internasional sing diturunaké nalika pamaréntahan Qajar), nalika para pengkritik nyatakaké yèn dhèwèké asring ngrusak, amarga gagal nganyataké modhèl petani gedhe ing Iran sing pungkasané nyebar wiji kanggo Revolusi Iran hampir patang puluh taun salajengipun, ingkang mungkasi 2,500 taun raja Persia .^[3]^[4]. Kajaba iku, desakan marang nasionalisme ètnik lan unitarisme budaya, bebarengan karo penghargaan lan sedentarization dipaksa, nyebabaké panindhes sawatara kelompok etnis lan sosial. Kaya karo kawicaksanan Atatürk Turunané , pamaréntahané uga nglakokaké kawicaksanan ekstensif Persianisasi kanggo nggawé bangsa, tunggal, lan sapérangan homogen.^[5]

Awal urip

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Reza Shah Pahlavi lair ing desa Alasht , Provinsi Savadkuh , Provinsi Mazandaran , ing taun 1878, kanggo Mayor Abbas-Ali Khan lan Noush-Afarin.^[6]^[7]. Ibune yaiku imigran Muslim saka Georgia (yaiku bagian saka Kekaisaran Ruslan^[8]^[9] kulawargane sing hijrah menyang tanah daratan Persia (Iran) sawise Kekaisaran Qajar dipeksa nyerahake kabèh tlatah ing Kaukasus sasampunipun Russo -Persian Wars sawatara dekade sadurunge kelahiran Reza Shah^[10]. Bapane ditugasake ing Resimen Savadkuh kaping 7, lan ditawani ing Perang Anglo-Persia ing taun 1856. Abbas-Ali tilar donya ing tanggal 26 November 1878, nalika Reza lagi umur 8 wulan. Sasampunipun sedanipun bapakipun, Reza lan ibunipun pindhah dhateng sedhèrèkipun ing Teheran. Dheweke nikah maneh nalika taun 1879 lan ninggalake Reza kanggo pamane. Ing taun 1882, pamane banjur ngirim Reza menyang kanca keluarga, Vartan Gorguekoohi, sawijining perwira tentara Persia^[11] Nalika Reza lagi nembelas taun, dheweke gabung karo Brigade Persia Persia . Ing taun 1903, dheweke dilapurake dadi penjaga lan abdi ing konsul Walanda Frits Knobel . Reza umur 25 taun. Dheweke uga njabat ing Angkatan Darat Iran , ing pundi piyambakipun pikantuk peringkat saperangan saperangan senjata miturut perintah Qajar Pangeran Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma . Ing taun 1911, dhèwèké mènèhi akun apik ing kampanye pungkasan lan diangkat dadi Letnan Pertama. Keahliannya ing penanganan senapan mesin diangkat dadi pangkat sing setara karo Kapten nalika taun 1912. Taun 1915, dheweke diangkat dadi pangkat Kolonel.^[12] Cathetan layanan militer pungkasanipun mimpin dheweke minangka komandan Brigadir ing Brigade Cossack Persia. Dheweke dadi perwira pungkasan Brigade, lan siji-sijine komandan Iran ing sejarah, nggayuh posisi iki koloni Ruslan Vsevolod Starosselsky , sing ditulungi Reza Shah, ing taun 1918, njupuk alih brigade. Dheweke uga salah sijine perwira pungkasan dadi perwira Neshan-e Aqdas sadurunge runtuh dinasti Qajar taun 1925^[13]

Rujukan

↑ Rahnema, Ali (2011). Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad. Cambridge University Press. kc. 115. ISBN 9781139495622.
↑ Milani, Abbas The Shah, London: Macmillan 2011 pages 22-23.
↑ Abrahamian, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p.91
↑ Roger Homan, "The Origins of the Iranian Revolution," International Affairs 56/4 (Autumn 1980): 673–7.
↑ Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. kc. 123–163. ISBN 9780691053424. OCLC 7975938.
↑ Gholam Reza Afkhami (27 October 2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. kc. 4. ISBN 978-0-520-25328-5. Dibukak ing 2 November 2012.
↑ Zirinsky, Michael P. (1992). "Imperial power and dictatorship: Britain and the rise of Reza Shah, 1921-1926". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 24: 639–663. doi:10.1017/s0020743800022388. Dibukak ing 2 November 2012.
↑ Afkhami, Gholam Reza (2009). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. kc. 4. (..) His mother, who was of Georgian origin, died not long after, leaving Reza in her brother's care in Tehran. (...).
↑ The Pahlavi Dynasty: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam. EWI Press. 2012. kc. 3. (...) His mother, Nush Afarin, was a Georgian Muslim immigrant (...). {cite book}: |first1= missing |last1= (pitulung)
↑ Homa Katouzian. State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis I.B.Tauris, 2006. ISBN 978-1845112721 p 269
↑ Nahai, Gina B. (2000). Cry of the Peacock. New York: Simon and Schuster. kc. 180. ISBN 0-7434-0337-1. Dibukak ing 31 October 2010.
↑ "History of Iran : Reza Shah Pahlavi - Reza Shah Kabir (Reza Shah The Great)". Iran Chamber Society. Dibukak ing 10 April 2016.
↑ Christopher Buyers, Persia, The Qajar Dynasty: Orders & Decorations Royal Ark

Pranala Njaba

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Iran
Reza Shah House of Pahlavi Lair: 15 March 1878 Tilar donya: 26 July 1944
Kang sadurungé Ahmad Shah Qajar	Shah of Iran 15 December 1925 – 16 September 1941	Kang sawisé Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Kalungguhan pulitik
Kang sadurungé Hassan Pirnia	Prime Minister of Iran 28 October 1923 – 1 November 1925	Kang sawisé Mohammad-Ali Foroughi
Kang sadurungé Masoud Kayhan	Minister of War 24 April 1921 – 13 June 1926	Kang sawisé Mohammad-Ali Foroughi
Jabatan militèr
Kang sadurungé Ahmad Shah Qajar	Commander-in-Chief of Iran 14 February 1925 – 16 September 1941	Kang sawisé Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Kang sadurungé Vsevolod Starosselsky	Commander of the Persian Cossack Brigade 1920–1921	Kang sawisé Ghassem Khan Vali
Kalungguhan ing organisasi nirbathi
Kang sadurungé Mostowfi ol-Mamalek	Chairman of the Iranian Red Lion and Sun Society 1931–1941	Kang sawisé Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

[1] Rahnema, Ali (2011). Superstition as Ideology in Iranian Politics: From Majlesi to Ahmadinejad. Cambridge University Press. kc. 115. ISBN 9781139495622.

[2] Milani, Abbas The Shah, London: Macmillan 2011 pages 22-23.

[Ervand,_2008_p.91-3] Abrahamian, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p.91

[4] Roger Homan, "The Origins of the Iranian Revolution," International Affairs 56/4 (Autumn 1980): 673–7.

[5] Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. kc. 123–163. ISBN 9780691053424. OCLC 7975938.

[Afkhami2008-6] Gholam Reza Afkhami (27 October 2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. kc. 4. ISBN 978-0-520-25328-5. Dibukak ing 2 November 2012.

[7] Zirinsky, Michael P. (1992). "Imperial power and dictatorship: Britain and the rise of Reza Shah, 1921-1926". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 24: 639–663. doi:10.1017/s0020743800022388. Dibukak ing 2 November 2012.

[8] Afkhami, Gholam Reza (2009). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. kc. 4. (..) His mother, who was of Georgian origin, died not long after, leaving Reza in her brother's care in Tehran. (...).

[9] The Pahlavi Dynasty: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam. EWI Press. 2012. kc. 3. (...) His mother, Nush Afarin, was a Georgian Muslim immigrant (...). {cite book}: |first1= missing |last1= (pitulung)

[10] Homa Katouzian. State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis I.B.Tauris, 2006. ISBN 978-1845112721 p 269

[11] Nahai, Gina B. (2000). Cry of the Peacock. New York: Simon and Schuster. kc. 180. ISBN 0-7434-0337-1. Dibukak ing 31 October 2010.

[12] "History of Iran : Reza Shah Pahlavi - Reza Shah Kabir (Reza Shah The Great)". Iran Chamber Society. Dibukak ing 10 April 2016.

[13] Christopher Buyers, Persia, The Qajar Dynasty: Orders & Decorations Royal Ark

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