Megachiroptera

Pteropus scapulatus

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Mammalia
Ordo : Chiroptera
Subordo : Megachiroptera sive Yinpterochiroptera
Dobson, 1875
Familia : Pteropodidae
Gray, 1821

Palaeontologia

34–0 m.a.: Oligocaenum > Recens

Subdivisiones: Subfamiliae

*Nyctimeninae

Cynopterinae
Harpiyonycterinae
Macroglossinae
Pteropodinae
Rousettinae
Epomophorinae

Megachiroptera sunt subordo mammalium ordinis Chiropterorum et eius sola familia, Pteropodidae. Quae animalia volantia in regionibus tropicis subtropicisque Eurasiae, Africae, Oceaniae reperiuntur.^[1]^[2]^[3] Chiropteris insectivoris maiora sunt, atque echolocatione non navigant, nonnullis generibus exceptis. Herbivora sunt, qui ad cibum inveniendum visu odoratuque innituntur.^[4]

Index specierum

Familia Pteropodidarum in septem subfamilias digeritur, quibus sunt 186 species exstantes, in 44–46 generibus positae:

Familia Pteropodidae

Subfamilia Nyctimeninae
- Genus Nyctimene
  - Nyctimene aello
  - Nyctimene albiventer
  - Nyctimene cephalotes
  - Nyctimene celaeno
  - Nyctimene certans
  - Nyctimene cyclotis
  - Nyctimene draconilla
  - Nyctimene keasti
  - Nyctimene major
  - Nyctimene malaitensis
  - Nyctimene masalai
  - Nyctimene minutus
  - Nyctimene rabori
  - Nyctimene robinsoni
  - Nyctimene sanctacrucis († saeculo vicensimo ineunte)
  - Nyctimene vizcaccia
- Genus Paranyctimene
  - Paranyctimene raptor
  - Paranyctimene tenax
Subfamilia Cynopterinae
- Genus Aethalops
  - Aethalops aequalis
  - Aethalops alecto
- Genus Alionycteris
  - Alionycteris paucidentata
- Genus Balionycteris
  - Balionycteris maculata
- Genus Chironax
  - Chironax melanocephalus
- Genus Cynopterus
  - Cynopterus brachyotis
  - Cynopterus horsfieldii
  - Cynopterus luzoniensis
  - Cynopterus minutus
  - Cynopterus nusatenggara
  - Cynopterus sphinx
  - Cynopterus titthaecheilus
- Genus Dyacopterus
  - Dyacopterus brooksi
  - Dyacopterus rickarti
  - Dyacopterus spadiceus
- Genus Haplonycteris
  - Haplonycteris fischeri
- Genus Latidens
  - Latidens salimalii
- Genus Megaerops
  - Megaerops ecaudatus
  - Megaerops kusnotoi
  - Megaerops niphanae
  - Megaerops wetmorei
- Genus Otopteropus
  - Otopteropus cartilagonodus
- Genus Penthetor
  - Penthetor lucasi
- Genus Ptenochirus
  - Ptenochirus jagori
  - Ptenochirus minor
- Genus Sphaerias
  - Sphaerias blanfordi
- Genus Thoopterus
  - Thoopterus nigrescens
Subfamilia Harpiyonycterinae
- Genus Aproteles
  - Aproteles bulmerae
- Genus Dobsonia
  - Dobsonia anderseni
  - Dobsonia beauforti
  - Dobsonia chapmani
  - Dobsonia crenulata
  - Dobsonia emersa
  - Dobsonia exoleta
  - Dobsonia inermis
  - Dobsonia minor
  - Dobsonia moluccensis
  - Dobsonia pannietensis
  - Dobsonia peroni
  - Dobsonia praedatrix
  - Dobsonia viridis
- Genus Harpyionycteris
  - Harpyionycteris celebensis
  - Harpyionycteris whiteheadi
Subfamilia Macroglossinae
- Genus Macroglossus
  - Macroglossus minimus
  - Macroglossus sobrinus
- Genus Melonycteris
  - Melonycteris fardoulisi
  - Melonycteris melanops
  - Melonycteris woodfordi
- Genus Notopteris
  - Notopteris macdonaldi (Viti, Vanuatu)
  - Notopteris neocaledonica (Nova Caledonia))
- Genus Syconycteris
  - Syconycteris australis
  - Syconycteris carolinae
  - Syconycteris hobbit
Subfamilia Pteropodinae
- Genus Acerodon
  - Acerodon celebensis
  - Acerodon humilis
  - Acerodon jubatus
  - Acerodon leucotis
  - Acerodon mackloti
- Genus Desmalopex
  - Desmalopex leucopterus
  - Desmalopex microleucopterus
- Genus Eidolon
  - Eidolon dupreanum
  - Eidolon helvum
- Genus Mirimiri
  - Mirimiri acrodonta
- Genus Neopteryx
  - Neopteryx frosti
- Genus Pteralopex
  - Pteralopex anceps
  - Pteralopex atrata
  - Pteralopex flanneryi
  - Pteralopex pulchra
  - Pteralopex taki
- Genus Pteropus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus alecto
    - Pteropus alecto
  - Grex specierum Pteropus caniceps
    - Pteropus caniceps
  - Grex specierum Pteropus chrysoproctus
    - Pteropus argentatus
    - Pteropus chrysoproctus
    - Pteropus cognatus
    - Pteropus fundatus
    - Pteropus rayneri
    - Pteropus rennelli
  - Grex specierum Pteropus conspicillatus
    - Pteropus conspicillatus
    - Pteropus P. ocularis
  - Grex specierum Pteropus livingstonii
    - Pteropus aruensis
    - Pteropus keyensis
    - Pteropus livingstonii
    - Pteropus melanopogon
  - Grex specierum Pteropus mariannus
    - Pteropus loochoensis
    - Pteropus mariannus
    - Pteropus pelewensis
    - Pteropus ualanus
    - Pteropus yapensis
  - Grex specierum Pteropus melanotus
    - Pteropus melanotus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus molossinus
    - Pteropus lombocensis
    - Pteropus molossinus
    - Pteropus rodricensis
  - Grex specierum Pteropus neohibernicus
    - Pteropus neohibernicus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus niger
    - Pteropus aldabrensis
    - Pteropus niger
    - Pteropus rufus
    - Pteropus seychellensis
    - Pteropus voeltzkowi
  - Grex specierum Pteropus personatus
    - Pteropus capistratus
    - Pteropus personatus
    - Pteropus temminckii
  - Grex specierum Pteropus poliocephalus
    - Pteropus macrotis
    - Pteropus pohlei
    - Pteropus poliocephalus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus pselaphon
    - Pteropus insularis
    - Pteropus nitendiensis
    - Pteropus pilosus († saeculo XIX)
    - Pteropus pselaphon
    - Pteropus tokudae († annis 1970)
    - Pteropus tonganus
    - Pteropus tuberculatus
    - Pteropus vetulus
  - Grex specierum Pteropus samoensis
    - Pteropus anetianus
    - Pteropus samoensis
  - Grex specierum Pteropus scapulatus
    - Pteropus gilliardorum
    - Pteropus mahaganus
    - Pteropus scapulatus
    - Pteropus woodfordi
  - Grex specierum Pteropus subniger
    - Pteropus admiralitatum
    - Pteropus brunneus († saeculo XIX)
    - Pteropus dasymallus
    - Pteropus faunulus
    - Pteropus griseus
    - Pteropus howensis
    - Pteropus hypomelanus
    - Pteropus ornatus
    - Pteropus pumilus
    - Pteropus speciosus
    - Pteropus subniger († saeculo XIX)
  - Grex specierum Pteropus vampyrus
    - Pteropus giganteus
    - Pteropus intermedius
    - Pteropus lylei
    - Pteropus vampyrus
  - Incertae sedis
    - Pteropus allenorum († saeculo XIX)
    - Pteropus coxi († saeculo XIX)
- Genus Styloctenium
  - Styloctenium mindorensis
  - Styloctenium wallacei
Subfamilia Rousettinae
- Genus Eonycteris
  - Eonycteris major
  - Eonycteris spelaea
  - Eonycteris robusta**Genus Rousettus
  - Subgenus Boneia
    - Boneia bidens
  - Subgenus Rousettus
    - Rousettus amplexicaudatus
    - Rousettus celebensis
    - Rousettus aegyptiacus
    - Rousettus leschenaulti
    - Rousettus linduensis
    - Rousettus obliviosus
    - Rousettus spinalatus
  - Subgenus Stenonycteris
    - R. (S.) lanosus
    - R. (S.) madagascariensis
Subfamilia Epomophorinae
- Tribus Epomophorini
  - Genus Epomophorus
    - Epomophorus angolensis
    - Epomophorus anselli
    - Epomophorus crypturus
    - Epomophorus gambianus
    - Epomophorus grandis
    - Epomophorus labiatus
    - Epomophorus minimus
    - Epomophorus minor
    - Epomophorus wahlbergi
  - Genus Epomops
    - Epomops buettikoferi
    - Epomops dobsoni
    - Epomops franqueti
  - Genus Hypsignathus
    - Hypsignathus monstrosus
  - Genus Micropteropus
    - Micropteropus intermedius
    - Micropteropus pusillus
  - Genus Nanonycteris
    - Nanonycteris veldkampii
- Tribuse Myonycterini
  - Genus Lissonycteris
    - Lissonycteris angolensis
  - Genus Megaloglossus
    - Megaloglossus woermanni
  - Genus Myonycteris
    - Myonycteris brachycephala
    - Myonycteris relicta
    - Myonycteris torquata
- Tribus Plerotini
  - Genus Plerotes
    - Plerotes anchietae
- Tribus Scotonycterini
  - Genus Casinycteris
    - Casinycteris argynnis
  - Genus Scotonycteris
    - Scotonycteris zenkeri
    - Scotonycteris ophiodon

Notae

↑ "Our European Bats," BatLife Europe, accessum 24 Aprilis 2017
↑ Kenneth Cody Luzynski, Emily Margaret Sluzas, et Megan Marie Wallen, Pteropodidae: Old World fruit bats. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.
↑ Smith, Charles H.. "PTEROPODIDAE(FruitBats/Flying Foxes)". MAMMFAUN. Western Kentucky University (includes range map).
↑ Gerhard Neuweiler, The Biology of Bats (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 2000), ISBN 978-0-19-509950-8, accessum 28 Martii 2015.

Bibliographia

Leroy, E. M., B/ Kumulungui, X. Pourrut, P. Rouquet, A. Hassanin, P. Yaba, A. Délicat, J. T. Paweska, J. P. Gonzalez, et R. Swanepoel. 2005. Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature 438(7068): 575–76. PMID 16319873.l doi:10.1038/438575a. Bibcode 2005Natur.438..575L.
Myers, P. 2001. Pteropodidae. Animal Diversity Web. html. Accessum 26 Decembris 2006.
Raabe, Emily. 2003. Flying foxes. Novi Eboraci: PowerKids Press. ISBN 0823963241.
Teeling, E. C., M. S. Springer, O. Madsen, P. Bates, S. J. O'Brien, et W. J. Murphy. 2005. A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record. Science 307(5709): 580–84. PMID 15681385. doi:10.1126/science.1105113. Bibcode 2005Sci...307..580T.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Pteropodidas spectant.

[1] "Our European Bats," BatLife Europe, accessum 24 Aprilis 2017

[LuzynskiEtAl-2] Kenneth Cody Luzynski, Emily Margaret Sluzas, et Megan Marie Wallen, Pteropodidae: Old World fruit bats. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan.

[Smith-3] Smith, Charles H.. "PTEROPODIDAE(FruitBats/Flying Foxes)". MAMMFAUN. Western Kentucky University (includes range map).

[Neuweiler2000-4] Gerhard Neuweiler, The Biology of Bats (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 2000), ISBN 978-0-19-509950-8, accessum 28 Martii 2015.

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