Cichlid
Angelfish air tawar,Pterophyllum scalare
Pengelasan saintifik
Alam:
Filum:
Kelas:
Order:
Suborder:
Labroidei
Keluarga:
Cichlidae
Heckel, 1840
Subfamili
Astronotinaegenera , lihat di bawah .
Cichlid adalah sejenis ikan dari keluarga Cichlidae dalam order Labriformes merangkumi juga ikan becok (Labridae), damselfish (Pomacentridae) dan surfperches (Embiotocidae).[ 1] spesies telah diperincikan dari segi saintifik,[ 2] vertebrata terbesar. Spesies-spesies baru ditemui pada setiap tahun, kebanyakannya masih belum diperincikan. Jumlah sebenar spesies ini tidak diketahui, dengan anggaran di antara 1,300 sehingga 3,000 spesies.[ 3]
Banyak spesies cichlid ialah ikan makanan penting; yang paling biasa dimakan ialah pelbagai spesies tilapia .[ 4] Cichla , dinilai sebagai ikan buruan.[ 5] ikan bidadari , ikan oskar, dan ikan diskus merupakan contoh terkenal ikan tersebut.
Ada jenis cichlid yang telah menjadi perosak selepas dipindahkan ke dalam perairan di luar julat semula jadinya.[ 5] Tasik Viktoria ada banyak spesies yang hampir pupus atau sudah dipupuskan.[ 6]
Genera
Setakat tahun 2006, terdapat kira-kira 220 genera telah diakui dan dikategorikan oleh FishBase :[ 2]
Abactochromis Oliver & Arnegard 2010 Acarichthys Eigenmann 1912 Acaronia Myers 1940 Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray 1894 Allochromis Greenwood 1980 Alticorpus Stauffer & McKaye 1988 Altolamprologus Poll 1986 Amatitlania Schmitter-Soto, 2007 Amphilophus Agassiz, 1859 Andinoacara Musilova, Z., Rican, O. & Novak, J., 2009 Anomalochromis Greenwood 1985 Apistogramma Regan 1913 Apistogrammoides Meinken 1965 Archocentrus Gill 1877 Aristochromis Trewavas, 1935 Astatoreochromis Pellegrin 1904 Astatotilapia Pellegrin 1904 Astronotus Swainson 1839 Aulonocara Regan 1922 Aulonocranus Regan 1920 Australoheros Rican & Kullander 2006 Baileychromis Poll 1986 Bathybates Boulenger 1898 Benitochromis Lamboj 2001 Benthochromis Poll 1986 Biotodoma Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 Biotoecus Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 Boulengerochromis Pellegrin 1904 Buccochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Bujurquina Kullander 1986 Callochromis Regan 1920 Caprichromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Caquetaia Fowler 1945 Cardiopharynx Poll 1942 Chaetobranchopsis Steindachner, 1875 Chaetobranchus Heckel, 1840 Chalinochromis Poll 1974 Champsochromis Boulenger 1915 Cheilochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Chetia Trewavas 1961 Chilochromis Boulenger 1902 Chilotilapia Boulenger 1908 Chromidotilapia Boulenger 1898 Cichla Bloch & Schneider 1801 Cichlasoma Swainson 1839 Cleithracara Kullander & Nijssen 1989 Congochromis Stiassny & Schliewen 2007 Copadichromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Corematodus Boulenger 1897 Crenicara Steindachner 1875 Crenicichla Heckel 1840 Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001 Ctenochromis Pfeffer 1893 Ctenopharynx Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Cunningtonia Boulenger 1906 Cyathochromis Trewavas 1935 Cyathopharynx Regan 1920 Cyclopharynx Poll 1948 Cynotilapia Regan 1922 Cyphotilapia Regan 1920 Cyprichromis Scheuermann 1977 Cyrtocara Boulenger 1902 Danakilia Thys van den Audenaerde 1969 Dicrossus Steindachner 1875 Dimidiochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Diplotaxodon Trewavas 1935 Divandu Lamboj & Snoeks 2000 Docimodus Boulenger 1897 Eclectochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Ectodus Boulenger 1898 Eretmodus Boulenger 1898 Etia Schliewen & Stiassny 2003 Etroplus Cuvier 1830 Exochochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Fossorochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Gaurochromis Greenwood 1980 Genyochromis Trewavas 1935 Geophagus Heckel 1840 Gephyrochromis Boulenger 1901 Gnathochromis Poll 1981 Gobiocichla Kanazawa 1951
Grammatotria Boulenger 1899 Greenwoodochromis Poll 1983 Guianacara Kullander & Nijssen 1989 Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro 1918 Haplochromis Hilgendorf 1888 Haplotaxodon Boulenger 1906 Hemibates Regan 1920 Hemichromis Peters 1857 Hemitaeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Hemitilapia Boulenger 1902 Herichthys Baird & Girard 1854 Heroina Kullander, 1996 Heros Heckel, 1840 Heterochromis Regan 1922 Hoplarchus Kaup,1860 Hoplotilapia Hilgendorf 1888 Hypselecara Kullander 1986 Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859 Interochromis Yamaoka, Hori & Kuwamura 1988 Iodotropheus Oliver & Loiselle 1972 Iranocichla Coad 1982 Ivanacara Romer & Hahn 2006 [ 7] Julidochromis Boulenger 1898 Katria Stiassny & Sparks 2006 Konia Trewavas 1972 Krobia Kullander & Nijssen 1989 Labeotropheus Ahl 1926 Labidochromis Trewavas 1935 Labrochromis Greenwood 1980 Laetacara Kullander 1986 Lamprologus Schilthuis 1891 Lepidiolamprologus Pellegrin 1904 Lestradea Poll 1943 Lethrinops Regan 1922 Lichnochromis Trewavas 1935 Limbochromis Greenwood 1987 Limnochromis Regan 1920 Limnotilapia Regan 1920 Lipochromis Greenwood 1980 Lithochromis Lippitsch & Seehausen 1998 Lobochilotes Boulenger 1915 Macropleurodus Regan 1922 Maylandia Meyer & Foerster 1984
Mazarunia Kullander 1990 Mbipia Lippitsch & Seehausen 1998 Mchenga Stauffer & Konings, 2006 Melanochromis Trewavas, 1935 Mesonauta Günther , 1862Microchromis Johnson 1975 Mikrogeophagus Meulengracht-Madson 1968 Myaka Trewavas 1972 Mylacochromis Greenwood 1980 Mylochromis Regan 1920 Naevochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Nandopsis Gill, 1862 Nannacara Regan 1905 Nanochromis Pellegrin 1904 Neochromis Regan 1920 Neolamprologus Colombe & Allgayer 1985 Nimbochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Nyassachromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Ophthalmotilapia Pellegrin 1904 Oreochromis Günther 1889 Orthochromis Greenwood 1954 Otopharynx Regan 1920 Oxylapia Kiener & Maugé 1966 Pallidochromis Turner 1994 Parachromis Agassiz 1859 Paracyprichromis Poll 1986 Paralabidochromis Greenwood 1956 Parananochromis Greenwood 1987 Paraneetroplus Regan 1905
Paratilapia Bleeker, 1868 Paretroplus Bleeker, 1868 Pelmatochromis Steindachner 1894 Pelvicachromis Thys van den Audenaerde 1968 Perissodus Boulenger 1898 Petenia Günther, 1862 Petrochromis Boulenger 1898 Petrotilapia Trewavas 1935 Pharyngochromis Greenwood 1979 Placidochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Platytaeniodus Boulenger 1906 Plecodus Boulenger 1898 Protomelas Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Pseudocrenilabrus Fowler 1934 Pseudosimochromis Nelissen 1977 Pseudotropheus Regan 1922 Pterochromis Trewavas 1973 Pterophyllum Heckel 1840 Ptychochromis Steindachner 1880 Ptychochromoides Kiener & Mauge 1966 Pundamilia Seehausen & Lippitsch 1998 Pungu Trewavas 1972 Pyxichromis Greenwood 1980 Reganochromis Whitley 1929 Retroculus Eigenmann & Bray 1894 Rhamphochromis Regan 1922 Rocio Schmitter-Soto, 2007 Sargochromis Regan 1920 Sarotherodon Rppell 1852 Satanoperca Günther, 1862 Schubotzia Boulenger 1914 Schwetzochromis Poll 1948 Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Serranochromis Regan 1920 Simochromis Boulenger 1898 Spathodus Boulenger 1900 Steatocranus Boulenger 1899 Stigmatochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Stomatepia Trewavas 1962 Symphysodon Heckel 1840 Taeniacara Myers 1935 Taeniochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Taeniolethrinops Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Tahuantinsuyoa Kullander 1991 Tangachromis Poll 1981 Tanganicodus Poll 1950 Teleocichla Kullander 1988 Teleogramma Boulenger 1899 Telmatochromis Boulenger 1898 Theraps Günther, 1862 Thoracochromis Greenwood 1979 Thorichthys Meek 1904 Thysochromis Daget 1988 Tilapia Smith, 1840 See also: Tilapiine cichlids Tomocichla Regan 1908 Tramitichromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Trematocara Boulenger 1899 Trematocranus Trewavas 1935 Triglachromis Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1974 Tristramella Trewavas 1942 Tropheus Boulenger 1898 Tylochromis Regan 1920 Tyrannochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989 Uaru Heckel 1840 Variabilichromis Colombe & Allgayer 1985 Vieja Fernandez-Yepez 1969 Xenochromis Boulenger 1899 Xenotilapia Boulenger 1899 Yssichromis Greenwood 1980
Rujukan
^ Petik amaran: Tag <ref> dengan nama Stiassny tidak dapat dipratayang kerana ia ditakrifkan di luar bahagian semasa atau tidak ditakrifkan sama sekali. ^ a b Froese, Rainer, dan Daniel Pauly, ed. (2006). "Cichlidae" dalam FishBase . Versi Nov 2006.
^ Stiassny, M., G. G. Teugels & C. D. Hopkins (2007). The Fresh and Brackish Water Fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa - Vol. 2 . Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. m/s. 269. ISBN 9789074752213 CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link ) ^ Kumar, Ganesh; Engle, Carole R. (2016-01-05). "Technological Advances that Led to Growth of Shrimp, Salmon, and Tilapia Farming" . Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture . 24 (2): 136–152. doi :10.1080/23308249.2015.1112357 . ISSN 2330-8249 . ^ a b Sastraprawira, Shantika Maylana; Abd. Razak, Iqbal Harith; Shahimi, Salwa; Pati, Siddhartha; Edinur, Hisham Atan; John, Akbar Bavajohn; Ahmad, Amirrudin; Kumaran, Jayaraj Vijaya; Martin, Melissa Beata (2020-11). "A review on introduced Cichla spp. and emerging concerns" . Heliyon . 6 (11): e05370. doi :10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05370 . ISSN 2405-8440 . ^ Awiti, Alex O. (2011). "Biological Diversity and Resilience: Lessons from the Recovery of Cichlid Species in Lake Victoria" . Ecology and Society . 16 (1). doi :10.5751/es-03877-160109 . ISSN 1708-3087 . ^ Römer, U. & Hahn, I. (2006). "Ivanacara gen. n. (Teleostei: Perciformes, Cichlasomatini): a new genus of cichlids from the Neotropis". Dalam Römer, U. (penyunting). Cichlid Atlas 2 . m/s. 1190–1197. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link )
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