Corvidae

"Corvid" dilencongkan ke sini. Untuk kegunaan lain, sila lihat Corvid (nyahkekaburan).

Corvidae
Julat zaman: Middle Miocene - kini
Jay Biru
Cyanocitta cristata
Pengelasan saintifik s
Domain: Eukaryota
Alam: Haiwan
Filum: Chordata
Kelas: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Superkeluarga: Corvoidea
Keluarga: Corvidae
Leach, 1820
Genera

Lihat teks

Peta taburan Corvidae.
      Asli       (Re)Dibawa masuk
      Pupus (selepas-1500)       Pupus (sebelum-1500)

Corvidae adalah satu keluarga burung passerine oscine yang terdiri dari spesies gagak, raven, rook, jackdaw, jay, magpie, treepie, chough, dan nutcracker.[1][2][3] Dalam bahasa Inggeris biasa, ia dikenali sebagai keluarga gagak, atau secara teknikalnya corvid. Keluarga ini mengandungi lebih daripada 120 spesies. Genus Corvus, termasuk jackdaw, gagak, rook, dan raven, yang menyumbang lebih satu per tiga dari jumlah keseluruhan dalam keluarga. Corvid merupakan spesies passerine terbesar.

Nota

Rujukan

  1. ^ Verhulst, Sion; Salomons, H. Martijn (2004). "Why fight? Socially dominant jackdaws, Corvus monedula, have low fitness". Animal Behaviour. 68 (4): 777–783. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.12.020.
  2. ^ Jones, Juli E.; Antoniadis, Elena; Shettleworth, Sara J.; Kamil, Alan C. (2002). "A Comparative Study of Geometric Rule Learning by Nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana), Pigeons (Columba livia), and Jackdaws (Corvus monedula)" (PDF). Journal of Comparative Psychology. 116 (4): 350–356. doi:10.1037/0735-7036.116.4.350. PMID 12539930.
  3. ^ Perrins, Christopher (2003): The New Encyclopedia of Birds Oxford University Press: Oxford ISBN 0-19-852506-0
  4. ^ Patterson, I. J.; Dunnet, G. M.; Fordham, R. A. (1971). "Ecological studies of the Rook Corvus frugilegus L. in northeast Scotland. Dispersion". J. Appl. Ecol. 8 (3): 815–833. doi:10.2307/2402685. JSTOR 2402685.
  5. ^ Marzluff, John M.; Neatherlin, Eric (2006). "Corvid response to human settlements and campgrounds: Causes, consequences, and challenges for conservation". Biological Conservation. 130 (2): 301–314. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.12.026.
  6. ^ Marzluff, John M.; Angell, T. (2005). In the Company of Crows and Ravens. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10076-1.
  7. ^ Lee, T. M.; Soh, M. C. K.; Sodhi, N.; Koh, L. P.; Lim, S. L. H. (2005). "Effects of habitat disturbance on mixed species bird flocks in a tropical sub-montane rainforest". Biological Conservation. 122 (2): 193–204. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.07.005.
  8. ^ Li, Shou-Hsien; Brown, Jerram L. (2000). "High frequency of extrapair fertilization in a plural breeding bird, the Mexican jay, revealed by DNA microsatellites". Animal Behaviour. 60 (6): 867–877. doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1554. PMID 11124886.
  9. ^ Krushinskii, L. V.; Zorina, Z. A.; Dashevskiy, B. A. (1979). "Ability of birds of the Corvidae family to operate by the empirical dimensions of figures". Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti Imeni I P Pavlova. 29 (3): 590–7. PMID 112801.
  10. ^ Jønsson, Knud A.; Fjeldså, Jon (2006). "A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri)". Zoologica Scripta. 35 (2): 149–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x.
  11. ^ James, Helen F.; Ericson, Per G.P.; Slikas, Beth; Lei, Fu-min; Olson, Storrs L. (2003). "Pseudopodoces humilis, a misclassified terrestrial tit (Aves: Paridae) of the Tibetan Plateau: evolutionary consequences of shifting adaptive zones" (PDF). Ibis. 145 (2): 185–202. doi:10.1046/j.1474-919X.2003.00170.x.
  12. ^ Goodwin, D. (1986) Crows of the world. (2nd edition). British Museum of Natural History. ISBN 0-565-00979-6
  13. ^ Gill, F.B. (2003) Ornithology (2nd edition). W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. ISBN 0-7167-2415-4
  14. ^ Ericson, Per G. P.; Jansén, Anna-Lee; Johansson, Ulf S.; Ekman, Jan (2005). "Inter-generic relationships of the crows, jays, magpies and allied groups (Aves: Corvidae) based on nucleotide sequence data" (PDF). Journal of Avian Biology. 36 (3): 222–234. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.493.5531. doi:10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.03409.x.
  15. ^ Emery, Nathan; Clayton, Nicola (2004). "The Mentality of Crows: Convergent Evolution of Intelligence in Corvids and Apes". Science. 306 (5703): 1903–7. Bibcode:2004Sci...306.1903E. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.299.6596. doi:10.1126/science.1098410. PMID 15591194.
  16. ^ Chappell, J. (2006). "Living with the Trickster: Crows, Ravens, and Human Culture". PLoS Biology. 4 (1): e14. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040014. PMC 1326277.
  17. ^ Bond, Alan B.; Kamil, Alan C.; Balda, Russell P. (2003). "Social complexity and transitive inference in corvids" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 65 (3): 479–487. doi:10.1006/anbe.2003.2101. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 16 Februari 2008. Dicapai pada 10 November 2007.
  18. ^ Breininger, D. R.; Toland, B.; Oddy, D. M.; Legare, M. L. (2006). "Landcover characterizations and Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) population dynamics" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 128 (2): 169–181. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.026.
  19. ^ BirdLife International. (2016). Aphelocoma coerulescens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22705629A94028132.en
  20. ^ Madge, S.; Burn, H. (1993). Crows and Jays. Helm. ISBN 978-1-873403-18-1.
  21. ^ Robertson, Don (30 January 2000): Bird Families of the World: Corvidae. Retrieved 2007-NOV-10.
  22. ^ Clayton, Nicola; Emery, Nathan (2005). "Corvid cognition". Current Biology. 15 (3): R80–R81. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.020. PMID 15694292.

Bacaan lanjut

  • Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward ([1991]): Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, ISBN 0-300-04085-7

Pautan luar

Templat:Corvidae