Perekaan dan penemuan Inggeris

Perekaan dan penemuan Inggeris adalah alat, proses atau teknik yang kemunculannya, sama ada secara sepenuhnya ataupun tidak, disebabkan oleh pada seorang yang lahir di England; dalam sesetengah kes, keInggerisan mereka ditentukan sedemikian kerana mereka dilahirkan di England, ataupun oleh orang bukan suku Inggeris yang bekerja di negeri itu. Kerap kali, seseuatu yang ditemui buat pertama kali, turut digelar "perekaan", dan dalam kebanyakan kes, tiada sempadan jelas terdapat di antara kedua-duanya

Yang berikut merupakan senarai perekaan atau penemuan yang sering dianggap oleh salah satu cara sebagai Inggeris:

Senarai ini tidak lengkap; bantulah Wikipedia untuk memperkembangnya.

Pertanian

  • Gerudi biji - Jethro Tull [1]

Ilmu falak

Kimia

Komunikasi

Komputer

Pembuatan jam

  • Lolosan tambat [9] - Robert Hooke
  • Spring imbang [10] - Robert Hooke (disputed - possibly invented by Christiaan Huygens of the Netherlands)
  • Grasshopper escapement, Gridiron pendulum, H1, H2, H3 and H4 watches (a watch built to solve the longitude measurement problem)[11] - John Harrison

Pengilangan pakaian

  • Derby Rib (stocking manufacture) - Jedediah Strutt
  • Flying shuttle - John Kay
  • Mauveine, the first synthetic organic dye - William Henry Perkin
  • Mesin tenun - Edmund Cartwright
  • Kerangka pintal - John Kay
  • Mesin pintal - James Hargreaves
  • Spinning mule - Samuel Crompton
  • Poliester - John Rex Whinfield

Penyulitan

  • Playfair cipher - Charles Wheatstone

Kejuruteraan

  • Sepanan boleh laras - Edwin Beard Budding
  • Cavity Magnetron - Dr Harry Boot
  • First coke-consuming blast furnace - Abraham Darby I
  • First working universal joint - Robert Hooke
  • First Compression-Ignition engine aka Diesel Engine - Herbert_Akroyd_Stuart
  • Enjin stim - Thomas Savery
  • Newcomen steam engine - Thomas Newcomen
    • Modified version of the Newcomen steam engine (Pickard engine) - James Pickard
  • Pendulum Governor - Frederick Lanchester
  • The first screw-cutting lathe - Henry Maudslay
  • Disc Brakes - Frederick Williams
  • Enjin pembakaran dalam - Samuel Brown
  • Enjin jet - Sir Frank Whittle

Makanan

  • Bird's Custard - Alfred Bird
  • Sandwich - John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich

Alat perkakas rumah

Proses industri

  • English crucible steel - Benjamin Huntsman
  • Steel production Bessemer process - Henry Bessemer
  • Hydraulic press - Joseph Bramah
  • Parkesine, the first man-made plastic - Alexander Parkes
  • Simen Portland - Joseph Aspdin
  • Sheffield plate - Thomas Boulsover
  • Water frame - Richard Arkwright
  • Keluli tahan karat - Harry Brearley
  • Rubber Masticator - Thomas Hancock

Perubatan

  • First correct description of circulation of the blood - William Harvey
  • Vaksin cacar - Edward Jenner
  • Antisepsis dalam pembedahan - Joseph Lister
  • Artificial intraocular lens transplant surgery for cataract patients - Harold Ridley
  • Clinical thermometer - Thomas Clifford Allbutt. [12]
  • Colour blindness first described by John Dalton in Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours [13]
  • Computed Tomography - Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield
  • Viagra - Peter Dunn, Albert Wood, Dr Nicholas Terrett
  • EKG (underlying principles) - various

Ketenteraan

  • Congreve rocket - William Congreve
  • High explosive squash head - Sir Charles Dennistoun Burney
  • Puckle Gun - James Puckle
  • Shrapnel shell - Henry Shrapnel
  • Harrier Jump Jet - unknown
  • Kereta kebal - unknown
  • Dreadnought Battleship
  • Bailey Bridge - Donald Bailey

Perlombongan

Alat muzik

  • Konsertina - Charles Wheatstone

Fotografi

  • Ambrotype - Frederick Scott Archer
  • Kalotaip - William Fox Talbot
  • Proses kolodion - Frederick Scott Archer
  • Stereoskop - Charles Wheatstone

Sains

Pengangkutan

Keretapi

  • Lokomotif stim bergerak pertama - Richard Trevithick

Lokomotif

  • Blücher - George Stephenson
  • Puffing Billy -William Hedley
  • Locomotion No 1 - Robert Stephenson
  • Sans Pareil - Timothy Hackworth
  • Stephenson's Rocket - George and Robert Stephenson

Pembangunan keretapi lain

  • Displacement lubricator, Ramsbottom safety valve, the water trough, the split piston ring - John Ramsbottom

Darat

  • Bowden cable - Frank Bowden
  • Cat's eye - Percy Shaw [15]
  • Caterpillar track - Sir George Cayley
  • Hansom cab - Joseph Hansom
  • Tali pinggang - George Cayley
  • Sinclair C5 - Sir Clive Sinclair
  • Belisha beacon - Leslie Hore-Belisha

Laut

  • Plimsol line - Samuel Plimsoll
  • Hoverkraf - Christopher Cockerell
  • Lifeboat - Lionel Lukin
  • Resurgam - George Garrett
  • Turbinia, the first steam turbine powered steamship, designed by the Irish engineer Sir Charles Algernon Parsons and built in Newcastle upon Tyne
  • Kapal selam - William Bourne

Angkasa

  • Aeronautics and flight - George Cayley
  • Enjin jet - Sir Frank Whittle

Sukan

  • Bola sepak - Rules as know today were established in 1848 at Cambridge University
  • Ragbi - William Webb Ellis (questionable)
  • Kriket - The world's second-most popular sport can be traced back to the 13th Century

Lain-lain

  • Waktu musim panas - William Willett [16]
  • Bayko - Charles Plimpton
  • Linoleum - Frederick Walton [17]
  • Meccano - Frank Hornby
  • Teka silang kata - Arthur Wynne
  • Topeng gas - John Tyndall and others
  • Steel-ribbed Umbrella - Samuel Fox

Lihat juga

  • Perekaan dan penemuan Wales
  • Perekaan dan penemuan Scotland
  • Perekaan dan penemuan Ireland Utara

Rujukan

  1. ^ "Tiscali encyclopaedia: Seed drill".
  2. ^ Account of a Comet, By Mr. Herschel, F. R. S.; Communicated by Dr. Watson, Jun. of Bath, F. R. S., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Volume 71, pp. 492-501
  3. ^ "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers".
  4. ^ "About TREVOR BAYLIS the inventor of the windup technology".
  5. ^ a b "From the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 70, 517-526, 645 (Errata) (1910) By Major-General H. P. Babbage".
  6. ^ a b "Turing biography".
  7. ^ "Annals of the History of Computing, Volume 5, Number 3, July 1983 . p239, The Design of Colossus, THOMAS H. FLOWERS".
  8. ^ "Frequently asked questions by the Press - Tim BL".
  9. ^ "The Origin and Evolution of the Anchor Clock Escapement". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2004-02-26. Dicapai pada 2008-06-14.
  10. ^ A. R. Hall, "Horology and criticism: Robert Hooke", Studia Copernicana, XVI, Ossolineum, 1978, 261-81
  11. ^ "Longitude clock comes alive". 11 March 2002.
  12. ^ "1866." The People's Chronology. Ed. Jason M. Everett. Thomson Gale, 2006. eNotes.com. 2006. 13 May, 2007 <http://history.enotes.com/peoples-chronology/year-1866/medicine Diarkibkan 2007-10-12 di archive.today>
  13. ^ Dalton J, 1798 "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours: with observations" Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester 5 28-45
  14. ^ "The Oughtred Society: Slide Rule History". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-07-09. Dicapai pada 2008-06-14.
  15. ^ "The day Percy saw the light!". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2004-03-12. Dicapai pada 2008-06-14.
  16. ^ "The Waste of Daylight, 1907".
  17. ^ Frederick Walton : Oxford Biography Index entry