Tambun (burung)

Tambun
Ayam belanda berus Australia betina (Alectura lathami)
Pengelasan saintifik s
Domain: Eukaryota
Alam: Animalia
Filum: Chordata
Kelas: Aves
Order: Galliformes
Keluarga: Megapodiidae
Lesson, 1831
Genus
  • Eulipoa
  • Megapodius
  • Macrocephalon
  • Leipoa
  • Talegalla
  • Aepypodius
  • Alectura
Ayam belanda berus kerap ditemukan di taman atau kebun

Tambun ialah burung bak ayam yang gempal dan sederhana-besar dengan kepala kecil dan kaki besar dalam keluarga Megapodiidae. Namanya secara harfiah bermaksud "kaki besar" dan merujuk kepada kaki dan tungkai berat yang biasa terdapat pada burung daratan ini.

Etimologi

Daripada Yunani μέγας (mégas = agung) dan πούς, (poús = kaki).[1]

Spesies

Lebih daripada 20 spesies hidupnya ditempatkan dalam tujuh genus. Sungguhpun hubungan evolusi antara Megapodiidae ini tidak pasti, kumpulan morfologinya jelas:[2]

Filogeni

 
Megapodiidae
 
 
 

Macrocephalon – maleo

 
 
 

Eulipoa – tambun Maluku

 
 

Megapodius – ayam belukar (12 spesies)

 
 
 
 
 

Leipoa – ayam mali

 
 
 

Talegalla – ayam belanda berus (3 spesies)

 
 
 

Alectura – ayam belanda berus Australia

 
 

Aepypodius – ayam belanda berus (2 spesies)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Filogeni Megapodiidae ini berdasarkan kajian oleh Chen, Hosner, Dittmann, et al. (2021).[3] Sebilangan spesies daripada IOU disenaraikan oleh Gill, Donsker, & Rasmussen.[4]

Taksonomi

  • Genus †Mwalau Worthy et al. 2015
    • †Mwalau walterlinii Worthy et al. 2015 (Vanuatu)
  • Genus †Ngawupodius Boles & Ivison 1999
    • †Ngawupodius minya Boles & Ivison 1999
  • Kumpulan ayam belukar
    • Genus: Macrocephalon
      • Maleo, Macrocephalon maleo
    • Genus: Eulipoa (terkadang dimasukkan dalam Megapodius)
      • Tambun Maluku, Eulipoa wallacei.
    • Genus: Megapodius
      • Tambun Tonga, Megapodius pritchardii
      • Tambun Mikronesia, Megapodius laperouse
        • Tambun Pulau Mariana, Megapodius laperouse laperouse
        • Tambun Pulau Palau, Megapodius laperouse senex
      • Tambun Nicobar, Megapodius nicobariensis
      • Tambun biasa, Megapodius cumingii
      • Tambun Sula, Megapodius bernsteinii
      • Tambun Tanimbar, Megapodius tenimberensis
      • Tambun muram, Megapodius freycinet
        • Tambun Forsten, Megapodius (freycinet) forstenii
      • Tambun Biak, Megapodius geelvinkianus
      • Tambun Malenesia, Megapodius eremita
      • Tambun Vanuatu, Megapodius layardi
      • Ayam belukar New Guinea, Megapodius decollatus
      • Ayam belukar kaki jingga, Megapodius reinwardt
      • †Ayam belukar pembina timbunan, Megapodius molistructor Balouet & Olson 1989
      • †Ayam belukar Viti Levu, Megapodius amissus Worthy 2000
      • †Ayam belukar konsumsi, Megapodius alimentum Steatman 1989a
      • †M. andamanensis Walter 1980 nomen dubium [oospesies]
      • †M. burnabyi Gray 1861 nomen dubium [oospesies]
      • †Ayam belukar Pulau Raoul, M. sp.
      • †Ayam belukar 'Eua (tambun kaki kecil), M. sp.
      • †Ayam belukar Lifuka, M. sp.
      • †Tambun gempal Tonga, M. sp.
      • †Tambun besar Vanuatu, M. sp.
      • †Tambun besar kepulauan Solomon, M. sp.
      • †Tambun New Caledonia, M. sp.
      • †Tambun Kesetiaan, M. sp.
      • †Ayam belukar New Ireland (tambun besar Bismarck), M. sp.
  • Kumpulan ayam mali
    • Genus: Leipoa
      • Ayam mali, Leipoa ocellata
  • Kumpulan ayam belanda berus
    • Genus: Alectura
      • Ayam belanda berus Australia, Alectura lathami
    • Genus: Aepypodius
      • Ayam belanda berus pial, Aepypodius arfakianus
      • Ayam belanda berus Waigeo, Aepypodius bruijnii
    • Genus: Talegalla
      • Ayam belanda berus paruh merah, Talegalla cuvieri
      • Ayam belanda berus paruh hitam, Talegalla fuscirostris
      • Ayam belanda berus kalung, Talegalla jobiensis
    • Genus: †Progura
      • Progura gallinacea – Queensland, Pleistosen
      • Progura campestris – Australia Selatan, Pleistosen
    • Genus: †Latagallina
      • Latagallina naracoortensis sebelumnya Progura naracoortensis – New South Wales, Australia Selatan, Pleistosen
      • Latagallina olsoni – Australia Selatan, Pleistosen
  • Incertae sedis
    • Genus: †Garrdimalga
      • Garrdimalga mcnamarai – Australia Selatan, Pleistosen

Rujukan

  1. ^ del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (1994). Handbook of the Birds of the World. 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-87334-15-3.
  2. ^ Göth, A. & Evans, C.S. (2004). "Social responses without early experience: Australian brush-turkey chicks use specific visual cues to aggregate with conspecifics". Journal of Experimental Biology. 207 (13): 2199–2208. doi:10.1242/jeb.01008. PMID 15159424.
  3. ^ Göth, Ann & Booth, David T. (22 March 2005). "Temperature-dependent sex ratio in a bird". Biology Letters. 1 (1): 31–33. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0247. PMC 1629050. PMID 17148121.
  4. ^ Harris, R.B.; Birks, S.M.; Leaché, A.D. (2014). "Incubator birds: Biogeographical origins and evolution of underground nesting in megapodes (Galliformes: Megapodiidae)". Journal of Biogeography. 41 (11): 2045–2056. doi:10.1111/jbi.12357. S2CID 53532720.
  5. ^ O'Connor, Jingmai; Falk, Amanda; Wang, Min; Xiao-Ting, Zheng (3 January 2020). "First report of immature feathers in juvenile enantiornithines from the Early Cretaceous Jehol avifauna". ResearchGate. Project: Vertebrata PalAsiatica. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190823.
  6. ^ Starck, J.M. & Ricklefs, R.E. (1998). Avian Growth and Development: Evolution within the altricial precocial spectrum. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510608-4.
  7. ^ Starck, J.M. & Sutter E. (2000). "Patterns of growth and heterochrony in moundbuilders (MEgapodiidae) and fowl (Phasianidae)". Journal of Avian Biology. 31 (4): 527–547. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048x.2000.310413.x.
  8. ^ Steadman, D. (2006). Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77142-7.
  9. ^ Worthy, Trevor H. (13 January 2016). "A case of mistaken identity for Australia's extinct big bird". theconversation.com.
  10. ^ Newton, Alfred (1911). "Megapode" . Dalam Chisholm, Hugh (penyunting). Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 18 (ed. ke-11). Cambridge University Press. m/s. 75.
  11. ^ Birks, S.M. & Edwards, S.V. (2002). "A phylogeny of the megapodes (Aves: Megapodiidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 23 (3): 408–421. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00002-7. PMID 12099795.
  12. ^ Chen, D.; Hosner, P.A.; Dittmann, D.L.; O’Neill, J.P.; Birks, S.M.; Braun, E.L.; Kimball, R.T. (2021). "Divergence time estimation of Galliformes based on the best gene shopping scheme of ultraconserved elements". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 209. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01935-1. PMC 8609756 Check |pmc= value (bantuan). PMID 34809586 Check |pmid= value (bantuan).
  13. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, penyunting (July 2021). "Pheasants, partridges, francolins". IOC World Bird List (ed. Version 11.2). International Ornithologists' Union. Dicapai pada 23 November 2021.

Pautan luar