निकेल

निकेल
	28Ni
	कोबाल्ट ← निकेल → कपर
रुप
	lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge;
साधारण गुण
नां, चिं, ल्या	निकेल, Ni, 28
उच्चारण	/ˈnɪkəl/
धातुया वर्ग	transition metal
ग्रुप, पिरियद, ब्लक	10, 4, d
Standard atomic weight	58.6934(4)
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or; [Ar] 3d9 4s1; 2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
History
Discovery	1751
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	8.908 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	7.81 g·cm−3
Melting point	1728 K, 1455 °C, 2651 °F
Boiling point	3003 K, 2730 °C, 4946 °F
Heat of fusion	17.48 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	379 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	26.07 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1, −1; ((a mildly basic oxide))
Electronegativity	1.91 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies; (more)	1st: {1st ionization energy} kJ·mol−1
	2nd: {2nd ionization energy} kJ·mol−1
	3rd: {3rd ionization energy} kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	124 pm
Covalent radius	124±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	163 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 69.3Ω·m
Thermal conductivity	90.9 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 13.4 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(r.t.) 4900 m·s−1
Young's modulus	200 GPa
Shear modulus	76 GPa
Bulk modulus	180 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.31
Mohs hardness	4.0
Vickers hardness	638 MPa
Brinell hardness	700 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-02-0
Most stable isotopes
	Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
	v; t; e; · r

| colspan=2 style="text-align: center" | Main article: Isotopes of निकेल

निकेल छता रसायनिक तत्त्व ख।

विकिमिडिया मंका य् थ्व विषय नाप स्वापु दुगु मिडिया दु: निकेल

Preview of references

↑ Carnes, M. et al. (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48. DOI:10.1002/anie.200804435.
↑ Pfirrmann, S. et al. (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48. DOI:10.1002/anie.200805862.

[1] Carnes, M. et al. (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48. DOI:10.1002/anie.200804435.

[2] Pfirrmann, S. et al. (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48. DOI:10.1002/anie.200805862.

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v t e पिरियोडिक टेबल
	1	2															3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1	H																															He
2	Li	Be																									B	C	N	O	F	Ne
3	Na	Mg																									Al	Si	P	S	Cl	Ar
4	K	Ca															Sc	Ti	V	Cr	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Ga	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
5	Rb	Sr															Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
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7	Fr	Ra	Ac	Th	Pa	U	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr	Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Uut	Fl	Uup	Lv	Uus	Uuo
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