قات
قات (Khat یا Qat) (عربی: قات) [۱] قرن افریقہ تے جزیرہ نما عرب دا اک مقامی پھُل دار پودا اے۔ انہاں علاقےآں دے لوکاں وچ قات چبانے دی تریخ ہزاراں سال پرانی اے۔[۲]
ضابطہ
1980 وچ عالمی ادارہ صحت قات دی درجہ بندی اک نشہ آور پودے دے طور اُتے دی (تمباکو یا شراب توں کم) "[۳]
افریقہ
ایتھوپیتا
قانونی - ایتھوپیتا۔[۴]
صومالیہ
قانونی - صومالیہ۔<[۴]
جبوتی
قانونی - جبونتی۔[۵]
کینیا
قانونی - کینیا۔[۶]
جنوبی افریقہ
جنوبی افریقہ وچ ، قات اک محفوظ درخت اے۔[۷]
ایشیا
چین
اسرائیل
بنیادی طور اُتے یمنی یہودی استعمال کردے نيں۔
ملائشیا
غیر قانونی - ملائشیا۔
سعودی عرب
غیر قانونی - سعودی عرب۔[۹]
يمن
قانونی - يمن۔<[۴]
یورپ
فنلینڈ
غیر قانونی [۱۰]
فرانس
ممنوع [۱۱]
جرمنی
غیر قانونی
آئس لینڈ
جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ
ممنوع
نیدرلینڈز
ناروے
غیر قانونی [۱۷]
پولینڈ
غیر قانونی [۱۸]
برطانیہ
غیر قانونی [۱۹][۲۰][۲۱][۲۲][۲۳][۲۴][۲۵][۲۶][۲۷][۲۸][۲۹][۳۰][۳۱][۳۲]
شمالی امریکا
کینیڈا
ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا
جنوبی امریکا
جنوبی امریکا وچ قات دے بارے وچ کوئی قانون نئيں اے
اوقیانوسیہ
آسٹریلیا
قات دی درآمد نوں کسٹم دے تحت کنٹرول کیتا جاندا اے۔ انفرادی صارفین دے لئی اجازت نامہ حاصل کرنا ضروری اے۔[۴۰][۴۱][۴۲][۴۳]
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مغربی یمن وچ قات دی کاشت
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قات دا درخت
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اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
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قات دی گڈیاں
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اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
حوالے
- ↑ Dickens, Charles [Digitized February 19, 2010] (1856). "The Orsons of East Africa", Household Words: A Weekly Journal, Volume 14. Bradbury & Evans, 176. Retrieved on 9 January 2014. سانچہ:Open access (Free eBook)
- ↑ Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (10): 741–2. doi: . PMID 18949206. PMC: 2649518. http://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-188738635/khat-chewing-in-yemen-turning-over-a-new-leaf-khat. Retrieved on
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ ۴.۰ ۴.۱ ۴.۲ "Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic". Journal of psychoactive drugs (Haight-Ashbury Publications) 41: 3. 2009.
- ↑ Thomson Gale (Firm), Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2007, Volume 1, (Thomson Gale: 2006), p.545.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Protected Trees". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Khat use on the increase in Finland". HELSINGIN SANOMAT. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020237/https://www.hs.fi/english/article/Khat+use+on+the+increase+in+Finland/1135233645151%20/. Retrieved on ۲۳ مئی ۲۰۱۱.
- ↑ Drugs.com (1 January 2007). "Complete Khat Info". Jump up ^ Giannini, A.J.; Castellani, S. (July 1982). "A manic-like psychosis due to khat (Catha edulis Forsk.)". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 19 (5): 455–9. doi:10.3109/15563658208992500. PMID 7175990
- ↑ "Hald lagt á fíkniefnið Khat í fyrsta sinn" (in Icelandic). 2010-08-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020305/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2010/08/18/hald_lagt_a_fikniefnid_khat_i_fyrsta_sinn/%20/. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
- ↑ "60 kíló af fíkniefnum" (in Icelandic). 2011-05-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020318/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2011/05/18/60_kilo_af_fikniefnum/%20/. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).سانچہ:Dead link
- ↑ Klein, Axel (2007). "Khat and the creation of tradition in the Somali diaspora", Drugs in Society: European Perspectives. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, 51–61. ISBN 978-1-84619-093-3.
- ↑ Warfa, N.; Klein, A.; Bhui, K.; Leavey, G.; Craig, T.; Alfred Stansfeld, S. (2007). "Khat use and mental illness: A critical review". Social Science & Medicine 65 (2): 309–318. doi: . PMID 17544193.
- ↑ Warsi, Sayeeda (15 June 2008). "Conservatives will ban khat". Comment is free (London: The Guardian). https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020206/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jun/15/drugspolicy.somalia+. Retrieved on ۲۱ اگست ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Call for new controls on legal drug khat". Sky News. 19 June 2010. https://archive.ph/20140126040555/http://news.sky.com/story/786736/call-for-new-controls-on-legal-drug-khat. Retrieved on ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "Herbal stimulant khat to be banned". BBC News. 3 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020307/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23163017. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ "UK legislators to press for lifting ban on Miraa Read". Standard Digital. 7 March 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020241/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/thecounties/article/2000106268/uk-legislators-to-press-for-lifting-ban-on-miraa. Retrieved on ۱۷ مارچ ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).سانچہ:Dead link
- ↑ "Gangs infiltrate Canada's airports". The Christian Science Monitor. 16 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020240/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2008/1216/p06s01-wogn.html. Retrieved on ۲ اپریل ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Powell, Betsy (20 April 2012). "Woman who brought khat to Canada wins appeal". The Star. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109034700/http://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2012/04/20/woman_who_brought_khat_to_canada_wins_appeal.html. Retrieved on ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ سانچہ:Cite press release
- ↑ Federal Register (14 January 1993). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Cathinone and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine Into Schedule I". https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020255/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/22/nation/na-khat22. Retrieved on ۱ فروری ۲۰۱۰.سانچہ:Clarify
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Stewart, Cameron (23 July 2008). "Somali women demand government action on legal drug". The Australian. https://web.archive.org/web/20080729021447/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24063019-5006785,00.html. Retrieved on ۵ اگست ۲۰۰۸.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/ar at line 3440: attempt to call field 'set_selected_modules' (a nil value).