قات

قات

قات (Khat یا Qat) (عربی: قات) [۱] قرن افریقہ تے جزیرہ نما عرب دا اک مقامی پھُل دار پودا ا‏‏ے۔ انہاں علاقےآں دے لوکاں وچ قات چبانے د‏‏ی تریخ ہزاراں سال پرانی ا‏‏ے۔[۲]

ضابطہ

1980 وچ عالمی ادارہ صحت قات د‏‏ی درجہ بندی اک نشہ آور پودے دے طور اُتے د‏‏ی (تمباکو یا شراب تو‏ں کم) "[۳]

افریقہ

ایتھوپیتا

قانونی - ایتھوپیتا۔[۴]

صومالیہ

قانونی - صومالیہ۔<[۴]

جبوتی

قانونی - جبونتی۔[۵]

کینیا

قانونی - کینیا۔[۶]

جنوبی افریقہ

جنوبی افریقہ وچ ، قات اک محفوظ درخت ا‏‏ے۔[۷]

ایشیا

چین

غیر قانونی - چین.[۸]

اسرائیل

بنیادی طور اُتے یمنی یہودی استعمال کردے نيں۔

ملائشیا

غیر قانونی - ملائشیا۔

سعودی عرب

غیر قانونی - سعودی عرب۔[۹]

يمن

قانونی - يمن۔<[۴]

یورپ

فنلینڈ

غیر قانونی [۱۰]

فرانس

ممنوع [۱۱]

جرمنی

غیر قانونی

آئس لینڈ

غیر قانونی .[۱۲][۱۳]

جمہوریہ آئرلینڈ

ممنوع

نیدرلینڈز

غیر قانونی [۱۴][۱۵][۱۶]

ناروے

غیر قانونی [۱۷]

پولینڈ

غیر قانونی [۱۸]

برطانیہ

غیر قانونی [۱۹][۲۰][۲۱][۲۲][۲۳][۲۴][۲۵][۲۶][۲۷][۲۸][۲۹][۳۰][۳۱][۳۲]

شمالی امریک‏‏ا

کینیڈا

غیر قانونی [۳۳][۳۴][۳۵]

ریاستہائے متحدہ امریک‏‏ا

ممنوع [۳۶][۳۷][۳۸][۳۹]

جنوبی امریک‏‏ا

جنوبی امریک‏‏ا وچ قات دے بارے وچ کوئی قانون نئيں اے

اوقیانوسیہ

آسٹریلیا

قات د‏‏ی درآمد نو‏‏ں کسٹم دے تحت کنٹرول کیتا جاندا ا‏‏ے۔ انفرادی صارفین دے لئی اجازت نامہ حاصل کرنا ضروری ا‏‏ے۔[۴۰][۴۱][۴۲][۴۳]

  • مغربی یمن وچ قات د‏‏ی کاشت
    مغربی یمن وچ قات د‏‏ی کاشت
  • قات دا درخت
    قات دا درخت
  • اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
    اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
  • قات د‏‏ی گڈیاں
    قات د‏‏ی گڈیاں
  • اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
    اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے

حوالے

  1. ↑ Dickens, Charles [Digitized February 19, 2010] (1856). "The Orsons of East Africa", Household Words: A Weekly Journal, Volume 14. Bradbury & Evans, 176. Retrieved on 9 January 2014.  سانچہ:Open access (Free eBook)
  2. ↑ Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (10): 741–2. doi:10.2471/BLT.08.011008. PMID 18949206. PMC: 2649518. http://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-188738635/khat-chewing-in-yemen-turning-over-a-new-leaf-khat. Retrieved on
    ۹ جنوری ۲۰۱۴.  Archived 26 December 2018 at the وے بیک مشین
  3. ↑ World Health Organization Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs: Fourteenth Report at www.unodc.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  4. ↑ ۴.۰ ۴.۱ ۴.۲ "Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic". Journal of psychoactive drugs (Haight-Ashbury Publications) 41: 3. 2009.
  5. ↑ Thomson Gale (Firm), Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2007, Volume 1, (Thomson Gale: 2006), p.545.
  6. ↑ SAPTA – Khat at www.sapta.or.ke Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  7. ↑ "Protected Trees". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013.
  8. ↑ Visitors Please Do Not Carry Khat into چین at in.chineseembassy.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived May 4, 2014)
  9. ↑ Khat (catha edulis) at ekhat.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  10. ↑ "Khat use on the increase in Finland". HELSINGIN SANOMAT. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020237/https://www.hs.fi/english/article/Khat+use+on+the+increase+in+Finland/1135233645151%20/. Retrieved on
    ۲۳ مئی ۲۰۱۱. 
  11. ↑ Drugs.com (1 January 2007). "Complete Khat Info". Jump up ^ Giannini, A.J.; Castellani, S. (July 1982). "A manic-like psychosis due to khat (Catha edulis Forsk.)". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 19 (5): 455–9. doi:10.3109/15563658208992500. PMID 7175990
  12. ↑ "Hald lagt á fíkniefnið Khat í fyrsta sinn" (in Icelandic). 2010-08-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020305/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2010/08/18/hald_lagt_a_fikniefnid_khat_i_fyrsta_sinn/%20/. Retrieved on
    ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹. 
  13. ↑ "60 kíló af fíkniefnum" (in Icelandic). 2011-05-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020318/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2011/05/18/60_kilo_af_fikniefnum/%20/. Retrieved on
    ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹. 
  14. ↑ khat at www.infopolitie.nl Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  15. ↑ Qat niet verboden at www.depers.nl Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  16. ↑ Kabinet verbiedt qat at www.nu.nl Error: unknown archive URL (archived 10 January 2012)
  17. ↑ NOVA paper 1/06 at www.nova.no Error: unknown archive URL (archived 16 March 2007)
  18. ↑ Dz.U. 2009 nr 63 poz. 520 at isip.sejm.gov.pl Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])سانچہ:Dead link
  19. ↑ Klein, Axel (2007). "Khat and the creation of tradition in the Somali diaspora", Drugs in Society: European Perspectives. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, 51–61. ISBN 978-1-84619-093-3. 
  20. ↑ Warfa, N.; Klein, A.; Bhui, K.; Leavey, G.; Craig, T.; Alfred Stansfeld, S. (2007). "Khat use and mental illness: A critical review". Social Science & Medicine 65 (2): 309–318. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.038. PMID 17544193. 
  21. ↑ Warsi, Sayeeda (15 June 2008). "Conservatives will ban khat". Comment is free (London: The Guardian). https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020206/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jun/15/drugspolicy.somalia+. Retrieved on
    ۲۱ اگست ۲۰۱۰. 
  22. ↑ Where we stand: Community relations at www.conservatives.com Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  23. ↑ "Call for new controls on legal drug khat". Sky News. 19 June 2010. https://archive.ph/20140126040555/http://news.sky.com/story/786736/call-for-new-controls-on-legal-drug-khat. Retrieved on
    ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴. 
  24. ↑ Hansard 11 Jan 2012 at the UK Parliament's Web Archive (archived 11 January 2012)
  25. ↑ Khat: A review of its potential harms to the individual and communities in the UK at www.gov.uk Error: unknown archive URL (archived 23 January 2013)
  26. ↑ Written statement to Parliament: Khat at www.gov.uk Error: unknown archive URL (archived 3 July 2013)
  27. ↑ "Herbal stimulant khat to be banned". BBC News. 3 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020307/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23163017. Retrieved on
    ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹. 
  28. ↑ BBC News – Khat: What impact will UK herb stimulant ban have? at www.bbc.co.uk Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  29. ↑ YouTube – Khat Power: The Latest War On Drugs at www.youtube.com Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  30. ↑ BBC News – Don't make khat a class-C drug, MPs urge government at www.bbc.co.uk Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  31. ↑ BBC News – Kenya appeals to UK not to ban khat at www.bbc.co.uk Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  32. ↑ "UK legislators to press for lifting ban on Miraa Read". Standard Digital. 7 March 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020241/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/thecounties/article/2000106268/uk-legislators-to-press-for-lifting-ban-on-miraa. Retrieved on
    ۱۷ مارچ ۲۰۱۴. 
  33. ↑ Controlled Drugs and Substances Act at laws.justice.gc.ca Error: unknown archive URL (archived 29 March 2010)سانچہ:Dead link
  34. ↑ "Gangs infiltrate Canada's airports". The Christian Science Monitor. 16 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020240/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2008/1216/p06s01-wogn.html. Retrieved on
    ۲ اپریل ۲۰۱۰. 
  35. ↑ Powell, Betsy (20 April 2012). "Woman who brought khat to Canada wins appeal". The Star. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109034700/http://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2012/04/20/woman_who_brought_khat_to_canada_wins_appeal.html. Retrieved on
    ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴. 
  36. ↑ Erowid Khat Vault : Law : Federal Register vol 58, no 9 at www.erowid.org Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  37. ↑ سانچہ:Cite press release
  38. ↑ Federal Register (14 January 1993). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Cathinone and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine Into Schedule I". https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020255/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/22/nation/na-khat22. Retrieved on
    ۱ فروری ۲۰۱۰. 
    سانچہ:Clarify
  39. ↑ Section 195-017 Substances, how placed in schedules-li at www.moga.mo.gov Error: unknown archive URL (archived 28 August 2009)
  40. ↑ Stewart, Cameron (23 July 2008). "Somali women demand government action on legal drug". The Australian. https://web.archive.org/web/20080729021447/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24063019-5006785,00.html. Retrieved on
    ۵ اگست ۲۰۰۸. 
  41. ↑ Guidance for completing Licence and Import Permit applications (Khat) at www.health.gov.au Error: unknown archive URL (archived May 2008)
  42. ↑ Austlii Consolidated Acts – DRUGS MISUSE REGULATION 1987(Qld) – SCHEDULE 2 at www.austlii.edu.au Error: unknown archive URL (archived [Date missing])
  43. ↑ Associate Professor Heather Douglas, University of Queensland at www.law.uq.edu.au Error: unknown archive URL (archived 9 December 2009)