PiHKAL

PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story
PiHKAL
Autor(es) Alexander e Ann Shulgin
Idioma inglês
Editora Transform Press
Lançamento 1991
ISBN 0-9630096-0-5
Cronologia
TiHKAL

PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story é um livro de não ficção de Alexander Shulgin e Ann Shulgin, publicado em 1991. O tema da obra são os derivados químicos psicoativos da fenetilamina, notadamente aqueles que atuam como psicodélicos e/ou empatógenos-entactogênicos. O título principal, PiHKAL, é uma sigla que significa "Fenetilaminas que conheci e amei".

O livro está organizado em duas partes, sendo a primeira parte uma autobiografia ficcional do casal e a segunda parte descrevendo 179 compostos psicodélicos diferentes (a maioria dos quais o próprio Shulgin descobriu), incluindo instruções detalhadas de síntese, bioensaios, dosagens e outros comentários.

A segunda parte foi disponibilizada gratuitamente por Shulgin no Erowid, enquanto a primeira parte está disponível apenas no texto impresso. Embora as reações descritas estejam além da capacidade de pessoas com formação básica em química, alguns tendem a enfatizar técnicas que não requerem produtos químicos difíceis de obter. Destacam-se entre eles o uso de amálgama de mercúrio-alumínio (um reagente incomum, mas fácil de obter) como agente redutor e sugestões detalhadas sobre fontes vegetais legais de importantes precursores de drogas, como o safrol.

Impacto e popularidade

Através do PIHKAL (e mais tarde do TiHKAL), Shulgin procurou garantir que suas descobertas escapassem dos limites dos laboratórios de pesquisa profissionais e chegassem ao público, um objetivo consistente com suas crenças declaradas de que as drogas psicodélicas podem ser ferramentas valiosas para a autoexploração. A síntese de MDMA ("ecstasy") publicada no PIHKAL continua a ser um dos métodos clandestinos mais comuns de sua fabricação até hoje. Muitos países proibiram as principais substâncias para as quais este livro fornece instruções de síntese, como 2C-B, 2C-T-2 e 2C-T-7. No Reino Unido, todos, exceto a fenetilamina, são ilegais.

Em 1994, dois anos após a publicação de PIHKAL, a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) invadiu o laboratório de Shulgin e solicitou que ele entregasse sua licença da DEA. Richard Meyer, porta-voz da Divisão de Campo da DEA em São Francisco, declarou em referência a PIHKAL: "É nossa opinião que esses livros são basicamente livros de receitas sobre como fazer drogas ilegais. Os agentes me disseram que em laboratórios clandestinos que invadiram, eles encontrei cópias desses livros", sugerindo que a publicação de PIHKAL e o término da licença de Shulgin podem estar relacionados.[1]

Compostos notáveis

Anfetaminas essenciais

As "anfetaminas essenciais" são o que Shulgin descreve como dez anfetaminas que diferem de produtos naturais como o safrol ou a miristicina por um grupo amina (PIHKAL Entry #157 TMA). A lista consiste em:

  • PMA (para-methoxy-amphetamine)
  • 2,4-DMA (2,4-dimethoxy-amphetamine)
  • 3,4-DMA (3,4-dimethoxy-amphetamine)
  • MDA (3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine)
  • MMDA (3-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxy-amphetamine)
  • MMDA-3a (2-methoxy-3,4-methylendioxyamphetamine)
  • MMDA-2 (2-methoxy-4,5-methylendioxyamphetamine)
  • TMA (3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine)
  • TMA-2 (2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine)
  • DMMDA (2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
  • DMMDA-2 (2,3-dimethoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
  • TeMA (2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyamphetamine)

Meia dúzia mágica

A chamada "meia dúzia mágica" refere-se aos compostos de fenetilamina autodenominados mais importantes de Shulgin, todos os quais, exceto a mescalina, ele mesmo desenvolveu e sintetizou. Eles são encontrados no primeiro livro de PIHKAL e são os seguintes:

  • Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine)
  • DOM (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine)
  • 2C-B (2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine)
  • 2C-E (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine)
  • 2C-T-2 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine)
  • 2C-T-7 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylthiophenethylamine)

Todas as seis são agora substâncias controladas de Classe I nos Estados Unidos.[2]

Fenetilaminas listadas

Substância Nome químico
1 AEM alpha-Ethyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy-PEA
2 AL 4-Allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
3 ALEPH 4-Methylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
4 ALEPH-2 4-Ethylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
5 ALEPH-4 4-Isopropylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
6 ALEPH-6 4-Phenylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
7 ALEPH-7 4-Propylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-A
8 ARIADNE (Dimoxamine) 2,5-Dimethoxy-alpha-ethyl-4-methyl-PEA
9 ASB 3,4-Diethoxy-5-methoxy-PEA
10 B 4-Butoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
11 BEATRICE 2,5-Dimethoxy-4,N-dimethyl-A
12 Bis-TOM 2,5-Bismethylthio-4-methyl-A
13 BOB 4-Bromo-2,5,beta-trimethoxy-PEA
14 BOD 2,5,beta-Trimethoxy-4-methyl-PEA
15 BOH beta-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
16 BOHD 2,5-Dimethoxy-beta-hydroxy-4-methyl-PEA
17 BOM 3,4,5,beta-Tetramethoxy-PEA
18 4-Br-3,5-DMA 4-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxy-A
19 2-Br-4,5-MDA 2-Bromo-4,5-methylenedioxy-A
20 2C-B 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
21 3C-BZ 4-Benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-A
22 2C-C 4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
23 2C-D 4-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
24 2C-E 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
25 3C-E 4-Ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-A
26 2C-F 4-Fluoro-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
27 2C-G 3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
28 2C-G-3 3,4-Trimethylene-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
29 2C-G-4 3,4-Tetramethylene-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
30 2C-G-5 3,4-Norbornyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
31 2C-G-N 1,4-Dimethoxynaphthyl-2-ethylamine
32 2C-H 2,5-Dimethoxy-PEA
33 2C-I 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
34 2C-N 4-Nitro-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
35 2C-O-4 4-Isopropoxy-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
36 2C-P 4-Propyl-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
37 CPM 4-Cyclopropylmethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
38 2C-Se 4-Methylseleno-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
39 2C-T 4-Methylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
40 2C-T-2 4-Ethylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
41 2C-T-4 4-Isopropylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
42 psi-2C-T-4 4-Isopropylthio-2,6-dimethoxy-PEA
43 2C-T-7 4-Propylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
44 2C-T-8 4-Cyclopropylmethylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
45 2C-T-9 4-(t)-Butylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
46 2C-T-13 4-(2-Methoxyethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
47 2C-T-15 4-Cyclopropylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
48 2C-T-17 4-(s)-Butylthio-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
49 2C-T-21 4-(2-Fluoroethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxy-PEA
50 4-D 4-Trideuteromethyl-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
51 beta-D beta,beta-Dideutero-3,4,5-trimethoxy-PEA
52 DESOXY 4-Methyl-3,5-Dimethoxy-PEA
53 2,4-DMA 2,4-Dimethoxy-A
54 2,5-DMA 2,5-Dimethoxy-A
55 3,4-DMA 3,4-Dimethoxy-A
56 DMCPA 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-cyclopropylamine
57 DME 3,4-Dimethoxy-beta-hydroxy-PEA
58 DMMDA 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
59 DMMDA-2 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-A
60 DMPEA 3,4-Dimethoxy-PEA
61 DOAM 4-Amyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
62 DOB 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-A
63 DOBU 4-Butyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
64 DOC 4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-A
65 DOEF 4-(2-Fluoroethyl)-2,5-dimethoxy-A
66 DOET 4-Ethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
67 DOI 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-A
68 DOM (STP) 4-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
69 Psi-DOM 4-Methyl-2,6-dimethoxy-A
70 DON 4-Nitro-2,5-dimethoxy-A
71 DOPR 4-Propyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
72 E 4-Ethoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
73 EEE 2,4,5-Triethoxy-A
74 EEM 2,4-Diethoxy-5-methoxy-A
75 EME 2,5-Diethoxy-4-methoxy-A
76 EMM 2-Ethoxy-4,5-dimethoxy-A
77 ETHYL-J N,alpha-diethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
78 ETHYL-K N-Ethyl-alpha-propyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
79 F-2 Benzofuran-2-methyl-5-methoxy-6-(2-aminopropane)
80 F-22 Benzofuran-2,2-dimethyl-5-methoxy-6-(2-aminopropane)
81 FLEA N-Hydroxy-N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
82 G-3 3,4-Trimethylene-2,5-dimethoxy-A
83 G-4 3,4-Tetramethylene-2,5-dimethoxy-A
84 G-5 3,4-Norbornyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
85 GANESHA 3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
86 G-N 1,4-Dimethoxynaphthyl-2-isopropylamine
87 HOT-2 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-hydroxy-4-ethylthio-PEA
88 HOT-7 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-hydroxy-4-(n)-propylthio-PEA
89 HOT-17 2,5-Dimethoxy-N-hydroxy-4-(s)-butylthio-PEA
90 IDNNA 2,5-Dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl-4-iodo-A
91 IM 2,3,4-Trimethoxy-PEA
92 IP 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-isopropoxy-PEA
93 IRIS 5-Ethoxy-2-methoxy-4-methyl-A
94 J alpha-Ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
95 LOPHOPHINE 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-PEA
96 M 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-PEA
97 4-MA (PMA) 4-Methoxy-A
98 MADAM-6 2,N-Dimethyl-4,5-methylenedioxy-A
99 MAL 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methallyloxy-PEA
100 MDA 3,4-Methylenedioxy-A
101 MDAL N-Allyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
102 MDBU N-Butyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
103 MDBZ N-Benzyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
104 MDCPM N-Cyclopropylmethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
105 MDDM N,N-Dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
106 MDE N-Ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
107 MDHOET N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
108 MDIP N-Isopropyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
109 MDMA N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
110 MDMC (EDMA) N-Methyl-3,4-ethylenedioxy-A
111 MDMEO N-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
112 MDMEOET N-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
113 MDMP alpha,alpha,N-Trimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
114 MDOH N-Hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
115 MDPEA 3,4-Methylenedioxy-PEA
116 MDPH alpha,alpha-Dimethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
117 MDPL N-Propargyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
118 MDPR N-Propyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
119 ME 3,4-Dimethoxy-5-ethoxy-PEA
120 MEDA 3-methoxy-4,5-Ethylenedioxy-A [Erowid corrected]
121 MEE 2-Methoxy-4,5-diethoxy-A
122 MEM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxy-A
123 MEPEA 3-Methoxy-4-ethoxy-PEA
124 Meta-DOB 5-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxy-A
125 Meta-DOT 5-Methylthio-2,4-dimethoxy-A
126 Methyl-DMA N-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-A
127 Methyl-DOB 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-methyl-A
128 Methyl-J N-Methyl-alpha-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
129 Methyl-K N-Methyl-alpha-propyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-PEA
130 Methyl-MA N-Methyl-4-methoxy-A
131 Methyl-MMDA-2 N-Methyl-2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-A
132 MMDA 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-A
133 MMDA-2 2-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-A
134 MMDA-3a 2-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
135 MMDA-3b 4-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-A
136 MME 2,4-Dimethoxy-5-ethoxy-A
137 MP 3,4-Dimethoxy-5-propoxy-PEA
138 MPM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propoxy-A
139 Ortho-DOT 2-Methylthio-4,5-dimethoxy-A
140 P 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-propoxy-PEA
141 PE 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-phenethyloxy-PEA
142 PEA PEA
143 PROPYNYL 4-Propynyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
144 SB 3,5-Diethoxy-4-methoxy-PEA
145 TA 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxy-A
146 3-TASB 4-Ethoxy-3-ethylthio-5-methoxy-PEA
147 4-TASB 3-Ethoxy-4-ethylthio-5-methoxy-PEA
148 5-TASB 3,4-Diethoxy-5-methylthio-PEA
149 TB 4-Thiobutoxy-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
150 3-TE 4-Ethoxy-5-methoxy-3-methylthio-PEA
151 4-TE 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthio-PEA
152 2-TIM 2-Methylthio-3,4-dimethoxy-PEA
153 3-TIM 3-Methylthio-2,4-dimethoxy-PEA
154 4-TIM 4-Methylthio-2,3-dimethoxy-PEA
155 3-TM 3-Methylthio-4,5-dimethoxy-PEA
156 4-TM 4-Methylthio-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
157 TMA 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-A
158 TMA-2 2,4,5-Trimethoxy-A
159 TMA-3 2,3,4-Trimethoxy-A
160 TMA-4 2,3,5-Trimethoxy-A
161 TMA-5 2,3,6-Trimethoxy-A
162 TMA-6 2,4,6-Trimethoxy-A
163 3-TME 4,5-Dimethoxy-3-ethylthio-PEA
164 4-TME 3-Ethoxy-5-methoxy-4-methylthio-PEA
165 5-TME 3-Ethoxy-4-methoxy-5-methylthio-PEA
166 2T-MMDA-3a 2-Methylthio-3,4-methylenedioxy-A
167 4T-MMDA-2 4,5-Thiomethyleneoxy-2-methoxy-A
168 TMPEA 2,4,5-Trimethoxy-PEA
169 2-TOET 4-Ethyl-5-methoxy-2-methylthio-A
170 5-TOET 4-Ethyl-2-methoxy-5-methylthio-A
171 2-TOM 5-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-methylthio-A
172 5-TOM 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-5-methylthio-A
173 TOMSO 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-5-methylsulfinyl-A
174 TP 4-Propylthio-3,5-dimethoxy-PEA
175 TRIS 3,4,5-Triethoxy-PEA
176 3-TSB 3-Ethoxy-5-ethylthio-4-methoxy-PEA
177 4-TSB 3,5-Diethoxy-4-methylthio-PEA
178 3-T-TRIS 4,5-Diethoxy-3-ethylthio-PEA
179 4-T-TRIS 3,5-Diethoxy-4-ethylthio-PEA

Referências

  1. ↑ Drake Bennett (30 de janeiro de 2005). «Dr. Ecstasy». New York Times Magazine 
  2. ↑ «Controlled Substances» (PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration. Fevereiro de 2016. Consultado em 13 de abril de 2016. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 17 de abril de 2016 

Ligações externas