Leet o prime meenisters o the Unitit Kinrick
- Tap left: Robert Walpole wis the first prime meenister o Great Breetain.
- Tap richt: William Pitt the Younger wis the last prime meenister o Great Breetain an the first prime meenister o the Unitit Kinrick.
- Bottom left: Benjamin Disraeli wis the first prime meenister tae uise the teetle in an offeecial act.
- Bottom richt: Henry Campbell-Bannerman wis the first prime meenister tae hauld the teetle offeecially.
The Prime Meenister o the Unitit Kinrick is the heid o the Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick, an chairs Cabinet meetins.
From 1721
18t tae 19t century | |
---|---|
20th tae 21st century |
Whig (17) Tory (11) Conservative (19) Peelite (1) Liberal (7) Labour (6) National Labour (1) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Teetle Prime Meenister Office (Birth–Daith) |
Term o office & mandate[a] Duration in years an days |
Meenisterial offices held as prime meenister |
Party | Government | Monarch (Ring) |
Ref. | ||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Sir Robert Walpole KGKBPC |
3 April 1721 |
11 February 1742 |
1722 |
|
Whig | Walpole–Townshend | George I![]() (1714–1727) |
[1] | |
1727 | George II![]() (1727–1760) | |||||||||
1734 | Walpole | |||||||||
1741 | ||||||||||
20 years and 315 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Spencer Compton 1st Yerl o Wilmington KGKBPC (1673–1743) |
16 February 1742 |
2 July 1743 |
— |
|
Whig | Carteret | [2] | ||
1 year and 137 days[†] | ||||||||||
| ![]() |
The Richt Honourable Henry Pelham FRS MP for Sussex (1694–1754) |
27 August 1743 |
6 March 1754 |
— |
|
Whig | [3] | ||
Broad Bottom I | ||||||||||
1747 | Broad Bottom II | |||||||||
10 years and 192 days[†] | ||||||||||
![]() |
His Grace Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke o Newcastle KGPCFRS (1693–1768) |
16 March 1754 |
11 November 1756 |
1754 |
|
Whig | Newcastle I | [4] | ||
2 years and 241 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
His Grace William Cavendish 4t Duke o Devonshire KGPC (1720–1764) |
16 November 1756 |
29 June 1757 |
— |
|
Whig | Pitt–Devonshire | [5] | ||
| 1757 Caretaker | |||||||||
226 days | ||||||||||
| ![]() |
His Grace Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke o Newcastle KGPCFRS (1693–1768) |
29 June 1757 |
26 May 1762 |
1761 |
|
Whig | Pitt–Newcastle | [6] | |
| George III![]() (1760–1820) [b] | |||||||||
| Bute–Newcastle (Tory–Whig) | |||||||||
| ||||||||||
4 years and 332 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable John Stuart 3rd Yerl o Bute KGPC (1713–1792) |
26 May 1762 |
8 April 1763 |
— |
|
Tory | Bute | [7] | ||
318 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable George Grenville MP for Buckingham (1712–1770) |
16 April 1763 |
10 July 1765 |
— |
|
Whig (Grenvillite) |
Grenville (mainly Whig) |
[8] | ||
2 years and 86 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Most Honourable Charles Watson-Wentworth 2nt Marquess o Rockingham KGPCFRS (1730–1782) |
13 July 1765 |
30 July 1766 |
— |
|
Whig (Rockinghamite) |
Rockingham I | [9] | ||
1 year and 18 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Pitt 1st Yerl o Chatham PCFRS |
30 July 1766 |
14 October 1768 |
1768 |
|
Whig (Chathamite) |
Chatham | [10] | ||
2 years and 77 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
His Grace Augustus FitzRoy 3rd Duke o Grafton KGPC (1735–1811) |
14 October 1768 |
28 January 1770 |
— |
|
Whig (Chathamite) |
Grafton | [11] | ||
1 year and 107 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Frederick North Lord North KG MP for Banbury (1732–1792) |
28 January 1770 |
27 March 1782 |
1774 |
|
Tory (Northite) |
North | [12] | ||
1780 | ||||||||||
12 years and 59 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Most Honourable Charles Watson-Wentworth 2nt Marquess o Rockingham KGPCFRS (1730–1782) |
27 March 1782 |
1 July 1782 |
— |
|
Whig (Rockinghamite) |
Rockingham II | [9] | ||
97 days[†] | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Petty 2nt Yerl o Shelburne KGPC (1737–1805) |
4 July 1782 |
26 March 1783 |
— |
|
Whig (Chathamite) |
Shelburne | [13] | ||
266 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
His Grace William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke o Portland PCFRS (1738–1809) |
2 April 1783 |
18 December 1783 |
— |
|
Whig | Fox–North | [14] | ||
261 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Pitt the Younger MP for Appleby (1784) → Cambridge University[‡] (1784–1801) (1759–1806) |
19 December 1783 |
14 March 1801 |
1784 |
|
Tory (Pittite) |
Pitt I | [15] | ||
1790 | ||||||||||
1796 | ||||||||||
17 years and 86 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Henry Addington MP for Devizes (1757–1844) |
17 March 1801 |
10 May 1804 |
1801 |
|
Tory (Addingtonian) |
Addington | [16] | ||
1802 | ||||||||||
3 years and 55 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Pitt the Younger MP for Cambridge University (1759–1806) |
10 May 1804 |
23 January 1806 |
— |
|
Tory (Pittite) |
Pitt II | [17] | ||
1 year and 259 days[†] | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Grenville 1st Baron Grenville PCPC (Ire) (1759–1834) |
11 February 1806 |
25 March 1807 |
1806 |
|
Whig | All the Talents (Whig–Tory) |
[18] | ||
1 year and 43 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
His Grace William Cavendish-Bentinck 3rd Duke o Portland KGPCFRS (1738–1809) |
31 March 1807 |
4 October 1809 |
1807 |
|
Tory (Pittite) |
Portland II | [19] | ||
2 years and 188 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Spencer Perceval KC MP for Northampton (1762–1812) |
4 October 1809 |
11 May 1812 |
— |
|
Tory (Pittite) |
Perceval | [20] | ||
2 years and 221 days[†] | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Robert Jenkinson 2nt Yerl o Liverpuil KGPCFRS (1770–1828) |
8 June 1812 |
9 April 1827 |
1812 |
|
Tory (Pittite) |
Liverpool | [21] | ||
1818 | ||||||||||
1820 | George IV![]() (1820–1830) | |||||||||
1826 | ||||||||||
14 years and 306 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable George Canning FRS MP for Seaford (1770–1827) |
12 April 1827 |
8 August 1827 |
— |
|
Tory (Canningite) |
Canning (Canningite–Whig) |
[22] | ||
119 days[†] | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Frederick John Robinson 1st Viscoont Goderich PC (1782–1859) |
31 August 1827 |
8 January 1828 |
— |
|
Tory (Canningite) |
Goderich | [23] | ||
131 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
Field MarshalHis Grace Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke o Wellington KGGCBGCHPC (1769–1852) |
22 January 1828 |
16 November 1830 |
1830 |
|
Tory | Wellington–Peel | [24] | ||
2 years and 299 days | William IV![]() (1830–1837) | |||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Charles Grey 2nt Yerl Grey KGPC (1764–1845) |
22 November 1830 |
9 July 1834 |
1831 |
|
Whig | Grey | [25] | ||
1832 | ||||||||||
3 years and 230 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Lamb 2nt Viscoont Melbourne PCPC (Ire) (1779–1848) |
16 July 1834 |
14 November 1834 |
— |
|
Whig | Melbourne I | [26] | ||
122 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
Field MarshalHis Grace Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke o Wellington KGGCBGCHPC (1769–1852) |
17 November 1834 |
9 December 1834 |
— |
|
Tory | Wellington Caretaker | [27] | ||
23 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Sir Robert Peel BtFRS MP for Tamworth (1788–1850) |
10 December 1834 |
8 April 1835 |
— |
|
Conservative | Peel I | [28] | ||
120 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Lamb 2nt Viscoont Melbourne PCPC (Ire)FRS (1779–1848) |
18 April 1835 |
30 August 1841 |
1835 |
|
Whig | Melbourne II | [29] | ||
1837 | Victoria![]() (1837–1901) | |||||||||
6 years and 135 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Sir Robert Peel BtFRS MP for Tamworth (1788–1850) |
30 August 1841 |
29 June 1846 |
1841 |
|
Conservative | Peel II | [28] | ||
4 years and 304 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Lord John Russell FRS MP for the Ceety o Lunnon (1792–1878) |
30 June 1846 |
21 February 1852 |
1847 |
|
Whig | Russell I | [30] | ||
5 years and 237 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Edward Smith-Stanley 14t Yerl o Derby PCPC (Ire) (1799–1869) |
23 February 1852 |
17 December 1852 |
1852 |
|
Conservative | Who? Who? | [31] | ||
299 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable George Hamilton-Gordon 4t Yerl o Aiberdeen KTFRSEFRSPCFSA Scot (1784–1860) |
19 December 1852 |
30 January 1855 |
— |
|
Conservative (Peelite) |
Aberdeen (Peelite–Whig–et al.) |
[32] | ||
2 years and 43 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Henry John Temple 3rd Viscoont Palmerston KGGCBPCFRS MP for Tiverton (1784–1865) |
6 February 1855 |
19 February 1858 |
1857 |
|
Whig | Palmerston I | [33] | ||
3 years and 14 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Edward Smith-Stanley 14t Yerl o Derby PCPC (Ire) (1799–1869) |
20 February 1858 |
11 June 1859 |
— |
|
Conservative | Derby–Disraeli II | [34] | ||
1 year and 112 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Henry John Temple 3rd Viscoont Palmerston KGGCBPCFRS MP for Tiverton (1784–1865) |
12 June 1859 |
18 October 1865 |
1859 |
|
Leeberal | Palmerston II | [35] | ||
1865 | ||||||||||
6 years and 129 days[†] | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable John Russell 1st Yerl Russell KGPCFRS (1792–1878) |
29 October 1865 |
26 June 1866 |
— |
|
Leeberal | Russell II | [30] | ||
241 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Edward Smith-Stanley 14t Yerl o Derby KGPCPC (Ire) (1799–1869) |
28 June 1866 |
25 February 1868 |
— |
|
Conservative | Derby–Disraeli III | [36] | ||
1 year and 243 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Benjamin Disraeli MP for Buckinghamshire (1804–1881) |
See an aw § Main articles:1 |
|
Conservative | [37] | |||||
27 February 1868 |
1 December 1868 |
— | ||||||||
279 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Ewart Gladstone FSS MP for Greenwich (1809–1898) |
See an aw § Main articles:2 |
|
Leeberal | Gladstone I | [38] | ||||
3 December 1868 |
17 February 1874 |
1868 | ||||||||
5 years and 77 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Benjamin Disraeli 1st Yerl o Beaconsfield KGPCFRS |
See an aw § Main articles:1 |
|
Conservative | Disraeli II | [39] | ||||
20 February 1874 |
21 April 1880 |
1874 | ||||||||
6 years and 62 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Ewart Gladstone FRSFSS MP for Midlowden (1809–1898) |
See an aw § Main articles:2 |
|
Leeberal | Gladstone II | [40] | ||||
23 April 1880 |
9 June 1885 |
1880 | ||||||||
5 years and 48 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Most Honourable Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess o Salisbury KGPCFRSDL (1830–1903) |
23 June 1885 |
28 January 1886 |
— |
|
Conservative | Salisbury I | [41] | ||
220 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Ewart Gladstone FRSFSS MP for Midlowden (1809–1898) |
See an aw § Main articles:2 |
|
Leeberal | Gladstone III | [40] | ||||
1 February 1886 |
20 July 1886 |
1885 | ||||||||
170 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Most Honourable Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess o Salisbury KGPCFRSDL (1830–1903) |
25 July 1886 |
11 August 1892 |
1886 |
|
Conservative | Salisbury II | [42] | ||
6 years and 18 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable William Ewart Gladstone FRSFSS MP for Midlothian (1809–1898) |
See an aw § Main articles:2 |
|
Leeberal | Gladstone IV | [40] | ||||
15 August 1892 |
2 March 1894 |
1892 | ||||||||
1 year and 200 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Archibald Primrose 5t Yerl o Rosebery KGPCFRS (1847–1929) |
5 March 1894 |
22 June 1895 |
— |
|
Leeberal | Rosebery | [43] | ||
1 year and 110 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Most Honourable Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess o Salisbury KGPCFRSDL (1830–1903) |
25 June 1895 |
11 July 1902 |
1895 |
|
Conservative | Salisbury III (Con.–Lib.U.) |
[44] | ||
1900 | Salisbury IV | |||||||||
7 years and 17 days | Edward VII![]() (1901–1910) | |||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Arthur Balfour FRSFBADL MP for Manchester East (1848–1930) |
12 July 1902 |
4 December 1905 |
— |
|
Conservative | Balfour | [45] | ||
3 years and 146 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman GCB MP for Stirling Burghs (1836–1908) |
5 December 1905 |
3 April 1908 |
1906 |
|
Leeberal | Campbell-Bannerman | [46] | ||
2 years and 121 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable H. H. Asquith KCFRS MP for East Fife (1852–1928) |
8 April 1908 |
5 December 1916 |
— |
|
Leeberal | Asquith I | [47] | ||
| Jan.1910 | Asquith II | ||||||||
| George V![]() (1910–1936) | |||||||||
Dec.1910 | Asquith III | |||||||||
— | Asquith Coalition (Lib.–Con.–et al.) | |||||||||
8 years and 243 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable David Lloyd George OM MP for Caernarvon Boroughs (1863–1945) |
6 December 1916 |
19 October 1922 |
— |
|
Leeberal | Lloyd George War | [48] | ||
1918 | Lloyd George II (Lib.–Con.) | |||||||||
5 years and 318 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Bonar Law MP for Glasgow Central (1858–1923) |
23 October 1922 |
20 May 1923 |
1922 |
|
Conservative (Scot.U.) |
Law | [49] | ||
210 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Stanley Baldwin JP MP for Bewdley (1867–1947) |
22 May 1923 |
22 January 1924 |
— |
|
Conservative | Baldwin I | [50] | ||
246 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Ramsay MacDonald MP for Aberavon (1866–1937) |
22 January 1924 |
4 November 1924 |
1923 |
|
Labour | MacDonald I | [51] | ||
288 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Stanley Baldwin JPFRS MP for Bewdley (1867–1947) |
4 November 1924 |
4 June 1929 |
1924 |
|
Conservative | Baldwin II | [52] | ||
4 years and 213 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Ramsay MacDonald FRS MP for Seaham (1866–1937) |
5 June 1929 |
7 June 1935 |
1929 |
|
Labour | MacDonald II | [53] | ||
— | National Labour | National I (N.Lab.–Con.–et al.) | ||||||||
1931 | National II | |||||||||
6 years and 3 days | ||||||||||
| ![]() |
The Richt Honourable Stanley Baldwin JPFRS MP for Bewdley (1867–1947) |
7 June 1935 |
28 May 1937 |
1935 |
|
Conservative | National III | [54] | |
Edward VIII![]() (1936) | ||||||||||
George VI![]() (1936–1952) | ||||||||||
1 year and 356 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Neville Chamberlain FRS MP for Birmingham Edgbaston (1869–1940) |
28 May 1937 |
10 May 1940 |
— |
|
Conservative | National IV | [55] | ||
| Chamberlain War | |||||||||
2 years and 349 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Winston Churchill CHTDFRS MP for Epping (1940–1945) → Woodford[‡] (1945) (1874–1965) |
10 May 1940 |
26 July 1945 |
— |
|
Conservative | Churchill War | [56] | ||
| Churchill Caretaker (Con.–L.Nat.) | |||||||||
5 years and 78 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Clement Attlee CHFRS MP for Limehouse (1945–1950) → Walthamstow West[‡] (1950–1951) (1883–1967) |
26 July 1945 |
26 October 1951 |
1945 |
|
Labour | Attlee I | [57] | ||
1950 | Attlee II | |||||||||
6 years and 93 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Sir Winston Churchill KGOMCHTDDLFRSRA MP for Woodford (1874–1965) |
26 October 1951 |
5 Apryle 1955 |
1951 |
|
Conservative | Churchill III | [58] | ||
3 years and 162 days | Elizabeth II![]() (1952–2022)
| |||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Sir Anthony Eden KGMC MP for Warwick & Leamington (1897–1977) |
6 April 1955 |
9 January 1957 |
1955 |
|
Conservative | Eden | [59] | ||
1 year and 279 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Harold Macmillan FRS MP for Bromley (1894–1986) |
10 January 1957 |
18 October 1963 |
— |
|
Conservative | Macmillan I | [60] | ||
1959 | Macmillan II | |||||||||
6 years and 282 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Sir Alec Douglas-Home KT MP for Kinross & Wastren Perthshire[c] (1903–1995) |
19 October 1963 |
16 October 1964 |
— |
|
Conservative (Scot.U.) |
Douglas-Home | [61] | ||
364 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Harold Wilson OBEFRSFSS MP for Huyton (1916–1995) |
16 October 1964 |
19 June 1970 |
1964 |
|
Labour | Wilson I | [62] | ||
1966 | Wilson II | |||||||||
5 years and 247 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Edward Heath MBE MP for Bexley (1970–1974) → Sidcup[‡] (1974) (1916–2005) |
19 June 1970 |
4 March 1974 |
1970 |
|
Conservative | Heath | [63] | ||
3 years and 259 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Harold Wilson OBEFRSFSS MP for Huyton (1916–1995) |
4 March 1974 |
5 April 1976 |
Feb.1974 |
|
Labour | Wilson III | [62] | ||
Oct.1974 | Wilson IV | |||||||||
2 years and 33 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable James Callaghan MP for Cardiff South East (1912–2005) |
5 April 1976 |
4 May 1979 |
— |
|
Labour | Callaghan | [64] | ||
3 years and 30 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Margaret Thatcher FRSHonFRSC MP for Finchley (1925–2013) |
See an aw § Main articles:3 |
|
Conservative | Thatcher I | [65] | ||||
4 May 1979 |
28 November 1990 |
1979 | ||||||||
1983 | Thatcher II | |||||||||
1987 | Thatcher III | |||||||||
11 years and 209 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable John Major MP for Huntingdon (born 1943) |
28 November 1990 |
2 May 1997 |
— |
|
Conservative | Major I | [66] | ||
1992 | Major II | |||||||||
6 years and 156 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Tony Blair MP for Sedgefield (born 1953) |
See an aw § Main articles:4 |
|
Labour | Blair I | [67] | ||||
2 May 1997 |
27 June 2007 |
1997 | ||||||||
2001 | Blair II | |||||||||
2005 | Blair III | |||||||||
10 years and 57 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Gordon Brown MP for Kirkcaudy & Coudenbeith (born 1951) |
See an aw § Main articles:5 |
|
Labour | Brown | [68] | ||||
27 June 2007 |
11 May 2010 |
— | ||||||||
2 years and 319 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable David Cameron MP for Witney (born 1966) |
See an aw § Main articles:6 |
|
Conservative | Cameron–Clegg (Con.–L.D.) |
[69] | ||||
11 May 2010 |
13 July 2016 |
2010 | ||||||||
2015 | Cameron II | |||||||||
6 years and 64 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Theresa May MP for Maidenhead (born 1956) |
See an aw § Main airticles:7 |
|
Conservative | May I | [70] | ||||
13 Julie 2016 |
24 Julie 2019 |
— | ||||||||
2017 | May II | |||||||||
3 years and 12 days | ||||||||||
![]() |
The Richt Honourable Boris Johnson MP for Uxbridge & Sooth Ruislip (born 1964) |
See an aw § Main articles:8 |
|
Conservative | Johnson | |||||
24 Julie 2019 |
6 September 2022 |
— | ||||||||
3 years and 45 days | ||||||||||
Teetle Prime Meenister Office (Birth–Daith) |
Term o office & mandate | Meenisterial offices | Pairty | Govrenment | Monarch | Ref. |
Notes
- ↑ Leegend for cells leetit in the saxt column frae richt:
- e.g. 1722 and 1841 —coloured conteenin a linked year
- indicates a general election wan bi the govrenment (e.g. 1722) or one that led to its formation (e.g. 1841);
- e.g. 1830 —shaded grey containin a linked year
- indicates an election resultin in na single pairty winnin a Commons majority;
- e.g. — —coloured conteenin a dash
- indicates the formation o a majority govrenment withoot an election;
- e.g. — —shadit gray conteenin a dash
- indicates the formation of a minority or coaleetion govrenment in a hung pairlament.
- e.g. 1722 and 1841 —coloured conteenin a linked year
- ↑ George III did nae appynt his feenal prime meenister. His son George, Prince o Wales, that served as regent frae 1811, appyntit Liverpuil in 1812 (Englefield et al. 1995, pp. 102, 363).
- ↑ Douglas Home disclaimed his peerage as the Yerl o Home on 23 October 1963. He wis electit an MP on 7 November.
References
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 1, 5; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 1–5; Pryde et al. 1996, pp. 45–46.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 41; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 7–10; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 222.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, pp. 41–42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 11–15.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 44; Courthope 1838, p. 19; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 23–26; Schumann & Schweizer 2012, p. 143.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 28–31; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 223; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 33–35; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ a b The British Magazine and Review 1782, p. 79; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 46, 50; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 39–43.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 45–50; Kebbel 1864, p. 143; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 9; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 52–56; Venning 2005, p. 93; Vincitorio 1968, p. 156.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 58–62; Whiteley 1996, p. 24.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 64–68; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–78; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 83–85; Styles 1829, p. 266.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–77; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 90–92; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 98–101; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 104–108; Evans 2008, p. 4; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 116, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 110–115.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 120, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 118–120.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Shaw 1906, p. 447; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 133–139.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–143.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Evans 2001, p. 471; Mahon & Cardwell 1856, p. 17; Shaw 1906, p. 447.
- ↑ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 148–153.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–145; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
- ↑ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 155–160.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 159, 167; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 169–174; Royal Society of Edinburgh 2006, p. 375; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Disraeli 1855; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Balfour 1910; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–167; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Disraeli 1868; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–189; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–198; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
- ↑ Chamberlain 1884; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–192.
- ↑ a b c Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–202; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 222; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 212–215.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 213, 221; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 231; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 217–221; Mosley 1999, p. 173; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 239; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 223–227.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 5; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 244; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 229–235; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 6–9; The Constitutional Yearbook 1919, p. 42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 252; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 237–243.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 262; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 246–248; Scully 2018.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–255; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–264.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 13; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–268.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ↑ The Annual Register 1941, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 289; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 270–274.
- ↑ The Annual Register 1946, p. 11; Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 17–21, 77; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 305; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 284–289.
- ↑ BBC On This Day 2005; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924; Mosley 1999, p. 1868; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 315; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 291–295.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 320; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 297–303.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 329; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 306–310; Scully 2018.
- ↑ a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 343; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 322–328; UK Parliament 2005a.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 340–347; UK Parliament 2013.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 61; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 384; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 350–352.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 270; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 392; Seldon 2007, pp. 77, 371, 647; UK Parliament 2017b.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 86; UK Parliament 2012.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 61, 65; Lee & Beech 2011; Royal Communications 2016; Wheeler 2016.
- ↑ BBC News 2017; Stamp 2016; UK Parliament 2017a.