Ranunculales

Ranunculales
Temporal range: 124–0 Ma
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
Pg
N
Early Cretaceous–Recent
Ranunculus repens
Scientific classification e
Kinrick: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl[1]
Faimilies

See text

Ranunculales is an order o flouerin plants. O necessity it contains the faimily Ranunculaceae, the buttercup faimily, because the name o the order is based on the name o a genus in that faimily. Ranunculales belongs tae a paraphyletic group kent as the basal eudicots. It is the maist basal clade in this group; in ether wirds, it is sister tae the remainin eudicots.

Taxonomy

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group recognized seven faimilies in Ranunculales in their APG III system, published in 2009. In the preceding APG II system, they offered the option o three segregate faimilies as shown below.

  • order Ranunculales
    faimily Berberidaceae
    faimily Circaeasteraceae
    [+ faimily Kingdoniaceae ]
    faimily Eupteleaceae
    faimily Lardizabalaceae
    faimily Menispermaceae
    faimily Papaveraceae
    [+ faimily Fumariaceae ]
    [+ faimily Pteridophyllaceae ]
    faimily Ranunculaceae

Note: "+ ..." = optionally separate faimily (that mey be split aff frae the precedin faimily).

Unner this definition, well-kent memmers o Ranunculales include buttercups, clematis, columbines, delphiniums, an poppies.

The Cronquist system (1981) also recognised the order, but placed it in the subclass Magnoliidae, in class Magnoliopsida [= dicotyledons]. It uised this circumscription:

  • order Ranunculales
    faimily Ranunculaceae
    faimily Circaeasteraceae
    faimily Berberidaceae
    faimily Sargentodoxaceae
    faimily Lardizabalaceae
    faimily Menispermaceae
    faimily Coriariaceae
    faimily Sabiaceae

In the Cronquist system, the Papaveraceae an Fumariaceae (includin the plants in the optional faimily Pteridophyllaceae) were treatit as a separate order Papaverales, placed in this same subclass Magnoliidae. The Cronquist circumscription o Ranunculales is nou kent tae be polyphyletic. Sabiaceae is in a clade o basal eudicots separate frae Ranunculales. Coriariaceae is now placed in the order Cucurbitales.

A phylogeny o Ranunculales wis published in 2009, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis o DNA sequences. The authors o this paper revised the subfaimilies an tribes o the order.[2]

References

  1. ↑ APG 2009.
  2. ↑ Wei Wang (2009). "Phylogeny and Classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 11 (2): 81–110. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.01.001. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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