Richard I o Ingland
Richard the Lionhert | |
---|---|
Effigy (c. 1199) o Richard I at Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou | |
Keeng o Ingland (mair..) | |
Ring | 6 Julie 1189 – 6 Aprile 1199 |
Coronation | 3 September 1189 |
Predecessor | Henry II |
Successor | John |
Regent | Eleanor o Aquitaine; William Longchamp (Third Crusade) |
Born | 8 September 1157 Beaumont Palace, Oxford, Ingland |
Dee'd | 6 Apryle 1199 Châlus, Duchy o Aquitaine (nou in Limousin, Fraunce) | (aged 41)
Buirial | Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou, Fraunce |
Consort | Berengaria o Navarre |
Issue | Philip o Cognac |
Hoose | Hoose o Plantagenet |
Faither | Henry II o Ingland |
Mither | Eleanor o Aquitaine |
Releegion | Roman Catholicism |
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 Aprile 1199) wis Keeng o Ingland frae 6 Julie 1189 til his daith. He an aw ruled as Duke o Normandy, Aquitaine an Gascony, Laird o Cyprus, Coont o Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, an Nantes, an wis owerlaird o Brittany at various times in the same period. He wis the third o five sons o King Henry II o Ingland an Duchess Eleanor o Aquitaine. He wis kent as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionhert acause o his reputation as a great militar leader an warrior.[1] He wis an aw kent in Occitan as: Oc e No (Scots: Aye an Na), acause o his reputation for terseness.[2]
Bi the age o 16, Richard haed taken command o his awn airmy, pittin doun rebellions in Poitou against his faither.[1] Richard wis a central Christian commander in the Third Crusade, leadin the campaign rfter the departur o Philip II o Fraunce an achievin conseederable veectories against his Muslim coonterpart, Saladin, awtho he did nae retak Jerusalem frae Saladin.[3]
Richard spaik baith French an Occitan.[4] He wis born in Ingland, whaur he spent his bairnheid; afore acomin king, houiver, he leeved maist o his adult life in the Duchy o Aquitaine, in the soothwast o Fraunce. Follaein his accession, he spent verra little time, aiblins as little as sax month, in Ingland. Maist o his life as king wis spent on Crusade, in capteevity, or actively defendin his launds in Fraunce. Raither than regairdin his kinrick as a responsibility requirin his presence as ruler, he haes been perceived as preferrin tae uise it merely as a soorce o revenue tae support his airmies.[5] Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects.[6] He remeens ane o the few kings o Ingland rememmered bi his epithet, raither than regnal nummer, an is an endurin iconic feegur baith in Ingland an in Fraunce.[7]
References
- ↑ a b Turner & Heiser 2000, p. 71
- ↑ Gillingham, John, 'Richard the Lionheart', p. 243, Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1978.
- ↑ Addison 1842, pp. 141–149.
- ↑ Flori 1999f, p. 20 (French).
- ↑ Harvey 1948, pp. 62–64
- ↑ Turner & Heiser [page needit]
- ↑ Harvey 1948, p. 58.