හම්පි
යුනෙස්කෝ ලෝක උරුම අඩවිය | |
---|---|
පිහිටුම | විජයනගර දිස්ත්රික්කය, කර්ණාටක, ඉන්දියාව [1] |
අඩංගු වන්නේ | විරූපාක්ෂ දේවාලය |
නිර්ණායකය | Cultural: i, iii, iv |
මූලාශ්ර | 241 |
අභිලේඛනය | 1986 (10 වන සැසිය) |
අන්තරායට ලක් වූ | 1999–2006 |
භූමිය | 4,187.24 ha |
අවරෝධක කලාපය | 19,453.62 ha |
වෙබ් අඩවිය | Archaeological Survey of India - Hampi |
ඛණ්ඩාංක | 15°20′04″N 76°27′44″E / 15.33444°N 76.46222°E |
හම්පි හෙවත් හම්පේ, එසේත් නැතිනම් හම්පි හී ස්මාරක සමූහය යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඉන්දියාවේ කර්ණාටකයේ පිහිටි යුනෙස්කෝ ලෝක උරුම අඩවියකි.[2]
හම්පි 14වන සියවසේ විජයනගර අධිරාජ්යයේ අගනගරය විය.[3] පර්සියානු සහ යුරෝපීය, විශේෂයෙන් පෘතුගීසි දේශාටකයන්ගේ වාර්තා අනුව, තුංගභද්රා නදිය අසල පිහිටා තිබූ හම්පිය දේවාල, වගාබිම් සහ වෙළඳපොළවල් ගණනාවකින් සැදි සමෘද්ධිමත් සහ ධනවත් මහා නගරයක් විය. ක්රි.ව. 1500 පමණ වනවිට, හම්පි-විජයනගරය මධ්යකාලීන ලෝකයේ දෙවන විශාලතම නගරය විය.එය එකල දෙවැනි වූයේ බෙයිජිං නගරයට පමණි. මේ අනුව, එකල භාරතයේ වූ ධනවත්ම නගරය මෙය වන්නට ඇත.[4][5] The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of Muslim sultanates; its capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by sultanate armies in 1565, after which Hampi remained in ruins.[3][6][7]
Notes
References
- ^ https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ballari-set-to-lose-hampi-and-more/article33136164.ece
- ^ "Group of Monuments at Hampi". World Heritage. සම්ප්රවේශය 20 December 2006.
- ^ a b Anila Verghese 2002, pp. 1–18
- ^ Michael C. Howard (2011). Transnationalism and Society: An Introduction. McFarland. pp. 77–78. ISBN 978-0-7864-8625-0.
- ^ Cite warning:
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cannot be previewed because it is defined outside the current section or not defined at all. - ^ Lycett, Mark T.; Morrison, Kathleen D. (2013). "The Fall of Vijayanagara Reconsidered: Political Destruction and Historical Construction in South Indian History 1". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 56 (3): 433–470. doi:10.1163/15685209-12341314.
Bibliography
- S.Srinivasachar, T.S.Satyan, Hampi : The fabled capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, (Directorate of Archaeology and Museums), Govt. of Karnataka, 1995
- Vinayak Bharne; Krupali Krusche (2014). Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India. Cambridge Scholars. ISBN 978-1-4438-6734-4.
- Eaton, Richard M. (2006). A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-71627-7.
- Heather Elgood (2000). Hinduism and the Religious Arts. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-304-70739-3.
- J.M. Fritz; George Michell, eds. (2001). New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at Vijayanagara. Marg. ISBN 978-81-85026-53-4.
- Fritz, John M; Michell, George (2016). Hampi Vijayanagara. Jaico. ISBN 978-81-8495-602-3.
- Adam Hardy (1995). Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries. Abhinav. ISBN 978-81-7017-312-0.
- Stella Kramrisch (1993). The Hindu Temple. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0224-7.
- George Michell (1977). The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-53230-1.
- George Michell (1995). Architecture and Art of Southern India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44110-0.
- George Michell (1995). Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the successor states. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44110-0.
- David Kinsley (1988). Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-90883-3.
- James Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 2: N–Z, Rosen Publishing, , https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch
- A.N. Longhurst, Hampi Ruins Described and Illustrated, (Laurier Books Ltd., 1998) ISBN 81-206-0159-9
- Michael W. Meister; Madhusudan A. Dhaky (1996). Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture. American Institute of Indian Studies. ISBN 978-81-86526-00-2.
- Anila Verghese (2002). Hampi. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-565433-2.
- Anila Verghese (2000). Archaeology, Art and Religion: New Perspectives on Vijayanagara. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564890-4.
- The Ruins of Hampi:Travel Guide ISBN 81-7525-766-0
- Karnataka State Gazetteer 1983.
External links
- Hampi Museum, Archaeological Survey of India
- Group of Monuments at Hampi, UNESCO World Heritage List
- Vijayanagara Research Project, Penn Museum
- Fields of Victory: Vijayanagara සංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2015-09-21 at the Wayback Machine, Kathleen Morrison, UC Berkeley
- Hampi - Exploring The Lost Empire
- Hampi[permanent dead link] - More About Hampi from Official Tourism Department
- Hampi - Travel Guide
සැකිල්ල:Karnataka topics
සැකිල්ල:Historical Places in Karnataka සැකිල්ල:Archaeological sites in India සැකිල්ල:Hindu inscriptions and arts