Analog-to-digital converter

An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic integrated circuit that converts a continuous quantity to a discrete time digital number. An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).

Typically, an ADC is an electronic device that converts an input analog voltage or current to a digital number. The size of the number grows with an increase in the input voltage or current. However, some non-electronic or only partially electronic devices, such as rotary encoders, can also be considered ADCs.

References

Allen, Phillip E.; Holberg, Douglas R., CMOS Analog Circuit Design, ISBN 0-19-511644-5
Kester, Walt, ed. (2005), The Data Conversion Handbook, Elsevier: Newnes, ISBN 0-7506-7841-0, archived from the original on 2016-10-07, retrieved 2011-08-01
Johns, David; Martin, Ken (1997), Analog Integrated Circuit Design, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-14448-7
Knoll, Glenn F. (1989), Radiation Detection and Measurement (2nd ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 665–666
Liu, Mingliang (2006), Demystifying Switched-Capacitor Circuits, Newnes, ISBN 0-7506-7907-7
Nicholson, P. W. (1974), Nuclear Electronics, New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 315–316
Norsworthy, Steven R.; Schreier, Richard; Temes, Gabor C. (1997), Delta-Sigma Data Converters, IEEE Press, ISBN 0-7803-1045-4
Razavi, Behzad (1995), Principles of Data Conversion System Design, New York, NY: IEEE Press, ISBN 0-7803-1093-4
Staller, Len (February 24, 2005), "Understanding analog to digital converter specifications", Embedded Systems Design^{[permanent dead link]}
Walden, R. H. (1999), "Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 17 (4): 539–550, doi:10.1109/49.761034, ISSN 0733-8716

More websites

Counting Type ADC Archived 2012-03-26 at the Wayback Machine A simple tutorial showing how to build your first ADC.
An Introduction to Delta Sigma Converters A very nice overview of Delta-Sigma converter theory.
Digital Dynamic Analysis of A/D Conversion Systems through Evaluation Software based on FFT/DFT Analysis RF Expo East, 1987
Which ADC Architecture Is Right for Your Application? Archived 2013-02-10 at the Wayback Machine article by Walt Kester
AN71 - The Care and Feeding of High Performance ADCs Real world circuit and layout advice
ADC and DAC Glossary Archived 2009-11-24 at the Wayback Machine Defines commonly used technical terms.
Signal processing and system aspects of time-interleaved ADCs. Archived 2011-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
Introduction to ADC in AVR - Analog to digital conversion with Atmel microcontrollers

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