Antisemitic stereotypes

Antisemitic stereotypes, also known as antisemitic tropes,[1] refer to the stereotypes of Jews.[1]

Introduction

Antisemitism,[2] or Judeophobia,[3] is the fear, dislike or hatred of Jews.[2][4] Antisemitic stereotypes were created by those holding beliefs attributable to antisemitism. Antisemitic stereotypes have been rife throughout human history.[3][5]

Consequences

Antisemitic stereotypes shaped the laws of countless empires throughout history and contributed to around 4,000 years of genocides of Jews, the worst of which was the Holocaust,[6] where at least 6,000,000 Jews (67% of pre-war European Jews) were murdered systematically.[7]

Recent trend

Further information: Holocaust inversion and Hamas § Antisemitism

Recent antisemitic stereotypes tend to feature the denial or trivialization of atrocities against Jews, especially the denial or trivialization of the Holocaust (or the Jewish exodus from Muslim countries since 1948).[8][9]

Holocaust denial or trivialization

Holocaust deniers tend to spread the lie that the Holocaust has been "fabricated" or "exaggerated to benefit Israel".[10][11]

October 7 denial or trivialization

The most recent example is the denial or trivialization of the Hamas-led October 7 massacre within Israel in 2023, whose victims were overwhelmingly Jewish, including several Holocaust survivors.[12]

Stereotypes

Below is a summary of common antisemitic stereotypes, many of which still believed by nearly half of the world's adult population.[13]

Ancient

See the main article: Supersessionism
  1. Jews killed Jesus[14][15]
  2. Jews betrayed their prophets[14][15]
  3. Jews conspire against Christianity[16]

Middle Ages

  1. Jews take blood from Christian babies for rituals (blood libel)[16][17]
  2. Jews worship Satan[14][15]
  3. Jews poison wells to cause epidemics, including the 14th century Black Death[16][18]

Modern

  1. Jews control mass media[16][19]
  2. Jews control banks[16][20]
  3. Jews control governments around the world[21][22]
  4. Jews create wars and revolutions around the world[16][23]

Contemporary

Further information: Secondary antisemitism
  1. Jews are rootless cosmopolitans[24][25]
  2. Jews are fake European converts to Judaism descended from the Khazars[26][27]
  3. Jews ran the Atlantic slave trade[27][28]
  4. Jews created the AIDS and COVID-19[29]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Working Definition Of Antisemitism". World Jewish Congress. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
    IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism :
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1
  4. ↑
  5. ↑
  6. ↑
  7. ↑
  8. ↑ "Working Definition of Holocaust Denial and Distortion". International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). Retrieved October 17, 2024. Distortion of the Holocaust refers, inter alia, to:
    • Intentional efforts to excuse or minimize the the Holocaust or its principal elements, including collaborators and allies of Nazi Germany
    • Gross minimization of the number of the victims of the Holocaust in contradiction to reliable sources
    • Attempts to blame the Jews for causing their own genocide
    • Statements that cast the Holocaust as a positive historical event. Those statements are not Holocaust denial but are closely connected to it as a radical form of antisemitism. They may suggest that the Holocaust did not go far enough in accomplishing its goal of "the Final Solution of the Jewish Question"
    • Attempts to blur the responsibility for the establishment of concentration and death camps devised and operated by Nazi Germany by putting blame on other nations or ethnic groups
  9. ↑ Webman, Esther (2022), "New Islamic Antisemitism, Mid-19th to the 21st Century", The Cambridge Companion to Antisemitism, Cambridge University Press, pp. 430–447, doi:10.1017/9781108637725.029, ISBN 978-1-108-49440-3, archived from the original on 22 September 2024, retrieved 26 February 2024
  10. ↑ ""Denial": how to deal with a conspiracy theory in the era of 'post-truth'". Cambridge University Press. 16 February 2017. Archived from the original on 9 October 2024.
  11. ↑ Doward, Jamie (22 January 2017). "New online generation takes up Holocaust denial". The Observer. Archived from the original on 28 December 2024.
  12. ↑
  13. ↑
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics (PDF). Anti-Defamation League (ADL). 2003. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
  17. ↑
  18. ↑
  19. ↑ Láníček, Jan (2013). Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938–48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-137-31747-6.
  20. ↑ "Jewish 'Control' of the Federal Reserve: A Classic Anti-Semitic Myth". Anti-Defamation League (ADL). Archived from the original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
  21. ↑
  22. ↑
  23. ↑ Karsh, Efraim (July 2012). "The war against the Jews". Israel Affairs. 18 (3): 319–343. doi:10.1080/13537121.2012.689514. S2CID 144144725.
  24. ↑
  25. ↑
  26. ↑
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1
  28. ↑
  29. ↑