Systems thinking

Complex systems
Topics
Self-organization
Emergence
Collective behavior
Social dynamics

Collective intelligence
Collective action
Self-organized criticality
Herd mentality
Phase transition
Agent-based modelling
Synchronization
Ant colony optimization
Particle swarm optimization
Swarm behaviour

Collective consciousness
Networks
Scale-free networks

Social network analysis
Small-world networks
Centrality
Motifs
Graph theory
Scaling
Robustness
Systems biology
Dynamic networks

Adaptive networks
Evolution and adaptation
Artificial neural network

Evolutionary computation
Genetic algorithms
Genetic programming
Artificial life
Machine learning
Evolutionary developmental biology
Artificial intelligence
Evolutionary robotics

Evolvability
Pattern formation
Fractals

Reaction–diffusion systems
Partial differential equations
Dissipative structures
Percolation
Cellular automata
Spatial ecology
Self-replication

Geomorphology
Systems theory and cybernetics
Autopoiesis

Conversation theory
Entropy
Feedback
Goal-oriented
Homeostasis
Information theory
Operationalization
Second-order cybernetics
Self-reference
System dynamics
Systems science
Systems thinking
Sensemaking
Variety

Theory of computation
Nonlinear dynamics
Time series analysis

Ordinary differential equations
Phase space
Attractors
Population dynamics
Chaos
Multistability
Bifurcation

Coupled map lattices
Game theory
Prisoner's dilemma

Rational choice theory
Bounded rationality

Evolutionary game theory

Systems theory is the study of the nature of systems in nature, society, and science. More specifically, systems theory is a framework to analyze or describe any group of things which work together to produce some result. This can be a single organism, any organization or society, or any electronic, mechanical or informational artifact.

Systems theory as a technical and general academic area of study. It was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy and others in the 1950s.