Template:IPA-ml
Malayalam pronunciation: [{1}]
Usage of IPA pronunciation templates
Wikipedia offers several templates for proper display of IPA transcriptions.
IPA font
In general, IPA symbols on a page should be enclosed in the {IPA} template, which formats the text in an IPA-producing font. If a substantial portion of a page uses IPA, it is customary to post notice of that fact with {Contains special characters|IPA}, though each token still requires the {IPA} template for proper formatting.
If there are not enough occurrences to warrant a notice, then consider a template that links to an IPA key for the first instance of the IPA on a page or section.
English words
For English words, in a broad, non-regional transcription, as when giving the pronunciation of a key word in an article, use {IPAc-en}, which links to Help:IPA/English, a chart of the subset of the IPA that is relevant to English, and automates the conversion to IPA, so that {IPAc-en|'|w|3:r|d} appears as /ˈwɜːrd/. This provides mouse-over links to the symbols, and is now the preferred template.
For a specific transcription in a regional variety, use {IPA-endia} or {IPA-all}.
Non-English words
For words that are not assimilated into English, regional pronunciations of English words, and non-standard English dialects, use templates linking to the more general Help:IPA chart, containing all major IPA symbols:
- {IPA-all}, appearing as: IPA: [word]. Or:
- For specific languages, there may be dedicated IPA keys for standardized transcription. There are several options for their display. The first cell includes the ISO code of the language; the second is the transcription; the third keys an introductory phrase; and the fourth is space for a sound file. Using the French word eau [o] as an example, we have the default format:
{IPA-fr|o}→ French pronunciation: [o]
- Or the word "pronounced" can be used as the introduction:
{IPA-fr|o|pron}→ pronounced [o]
- Language name only:
{IPA-fr|o|lang}→ French: [o]
- "IPA" only:
{IPA-fr|o|IPA}→ IPA: [o]
- Link only:
{IPA-fr|o|}→ [o]
- Any of these may be combined with a sound file:
- For the default introductory phrase, however, a placeholder such as “-” is required:
Supported languages and templates
| Key | Language | Template(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Help:IPA/Adyghe | Adyghe | {IPA-ady} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Afrikaans | Afrikaans | {IPA-af} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Albanian | Albanian | {IPA-sq} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Alemannic German | Alemannic German | {IPA-gsw} (uses) |
| Colonia Tovar dialect | {IPA-gct} (uses) | |
| Swabian German | {IPA-swg} (uses) | |
| Walser German | {IPA-wae} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Amharic | Amharic | {IPA-am} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Arabic | Arabic | {IPA-ar} (uses), {IPAc-ar} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Armenian | Armenian | {IPA-hy} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Assamese | Assamese | {IPA-as} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese | Asturian | {IPA-ast} (uses) |
| Extremaduran | {IPA-ext} (uses) | |
| Leonese | {IPA-le} (uses) | |
| Mirandese | {IPA-mwl} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Australian languages | Australian Aboriginal languages | {IPA-aus} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Azerbaijani | Azerbaijani | {IPA-az} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Basque | Basque | {IPA-eu} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Belarusian | Belarusian | {IPA-be} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Bengali | Bengali | {IPA-bn} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Berber | Berber | {IPA-ber} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Breton | Breton | {IPA-br} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Bulgarian | Bulgarian | {IPA-bg} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Burmese | Burmese | {IPA-my} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Cantonese | Cantonese | {IPA-yue} (uses), {IPAc-yue} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Catalan | Catalan | {IPA-ca} (uses) |
| Valencian | {IPA-va} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Colognian | Colognian | {IPA-ksh} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Corsican | Corsican | {IPA-co} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Czech | Czech | {IPA-cs} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Danish | Danish | {IPA-da} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Dutch | Dutch | {IPA-nl} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic | Egyptian Arabic | {IPA-arz} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol | Emilian | {IPA-egl} (uses) |
| Romagnol | {IPA-rgn} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/English | English | {IPAc-en} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Esperanto | Esperanto | {IPA-eo} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Estonian | Estonian | {IPA-et} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Fijian | Fijian | {IPA-fj} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Finnish | Finnish | {IPA-fi} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal | Franco-Provençal | {IPA-frp} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/French | French | {IPA-fr} (uses), {IPAc-fr} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Galician | Galician | {IPA-gl} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Georgian | Georgian | {IPA-ka} (uses), {IPAc-ka} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Greek | Greek | {IPA-el} (uses), {IPA-grc} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Gujarati | Gujarati | {IPA-gu} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Haitian Creole | Haitian Creole | {IPA-ht} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Hawaiian | Hawaiian | {IPA-haw} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Hebrew | Hebrew | {IPA-he} (uses), {IPAc-he} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic | Hejazi Arabic | {IPA-acw} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu | Hindustani | {IPA-hns} (uses) |
| Hindi | {IPA-hi} (uses) | |
| Urdu | {IPA-ur} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Hmong | Hmong | {IPA-hmn} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Hungarian | Hungarian | {IPA-hu} (uses), {IPAc-hu} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Icelandic | Icelandic | {IPA-is} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Insular Catalan | Insular Catalan | {IPA-cadia} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Inuktitut | Inuktitut | {IPA-iu} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Inupiaq | Inupiaq | {IPA-ik} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Irish | Irish | {IPA-ga} (uses), {IPAc-ga} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Italian | Italian | {IPA-it} (uses), {IPAc-it} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Italian dialects | Italian dialects | {IPA-itdia} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Japanese | Japanese | {IPA-ja} (uses), {IPAc-ja} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Kazakh | Kazakh | {IPA-kk} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Khmer | Khmer | {IPA-km} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Korean | Korean | {IPA-ko} (uses), {IPAc-ko} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Kurdish | Kurdish | {IPA-ku} (uses) |
| Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish) | {IPA-kmr} (uses) | |
| Sorani (Central Kurdish) | {IPA-ckb} (uses) | |
| Southern Kurdish | {IPA-sdh} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Kyrgyz | Kyrgyz | {IPA-ky} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Lao | Lao | {IPA-lo} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Latin | Latin | {IPA-la} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Latvian | Latvian | {IPA-lv} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Lebanese Arabic | Lebanese Arabic | {IPA-apc-LB} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Ligurian | Ligurian | {IPA-lij} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Lithuanian | Lithuanian | {IPA-lt} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Lombard | Lombard | {IPA-lmo} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Luxembourgish | Luxembourgish | {IPA-lb} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Macedonian | Macedonian | {IPA-mk} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Malagasy | Malagasy | {IPA-mg} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Malay | Malay | {IPA-ms} (uses) |
| Indonesian | {IPA-id} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Malayalam | Malayalam | {IPA-ml} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Maltese | Maltese | {IPA-mt} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Mandarin | Standard Chinese | {IPA-cmn} (uses), {IPAc-cmn} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Manx | Manx | {IPA-gv} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Maithili | Maithili | {IPA-mai} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Māori | Māori | {IPA-mi} (uses), {IPAc-mi} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Marathi | Marathi | {IPA-mr} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Marshallese | Marshallese | {IPA-mh} (uses), {IPAc-mh} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole | Mauritian Creole | {IPA-mfe} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Mayan | Mayan | {IPA-myn} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Mongolian | Mongolian | {IPA-mn} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Nahuatl | Nahuatl | {IPA-nah} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Navajo | Navajo | {IPA-nv} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Neapolitan | Neapolitan | {IPA-nap} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Nepali | Nepali | {IPA-ne} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Nguni | Swazi | {IPA-ss} (uses) |
| Xhosa | {IPA-xh} (uses) | |
| Zulu | {IPA-zu} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Northern Thai | Northern Thai | {IPA-nod} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Norwegian | Norwegian | {IPA-no} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Occitan | Occitan | {IPA-oc} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Odia | Odia | {IPA-or} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Old English | Old English | {IPA-ang} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Persian | Persian | {IPA-fa} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Piedmontese | Piedmontese | {IPA-pms} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Polish | Polish | {IPA-pl} (uses), {IPAc-pl} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Portuguese | Portuguese | {IPA-pt} (uses), {IPAc-pt} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Punjabi | Punjabi | {IPA-pa} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Quechua | Quechua | {IPA-qu} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Romanian | Romanian | {IPA-ro} (uses), {IPAc-ro} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Romansh | Romansh | {IPA-rm} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Russian | Russian | {IPA-ru} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Sanskrit | Sanskrit | {IPA-sa} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Sardinian | Sardinian | {IPA-sc} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic | Scottish Gaelic | {IPA-gd} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian | Serbo-Croatian | {IPA-sh} (uses) |
| Croatian | {IPA-hr} (uses) | |
| Serbian | {IPA-sr} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue | Shan | {IPA-shn} (uses) |
| Tai Lue | {IPA-khb} (uses) | |
| Help:IPA/Sicilian | Sicilian | {IPA-scn} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Slovak | Slovak | {IPA-sk} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Slovene | Slovene | {IPA-sl} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Spanish | Spanish | {IPA-es} (uses), {IPAc-es} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Standard German | German | {IPA-de} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Swahili | Swahili | {IPA-sw} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Swedish | Swedish | {IPA-sv} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Tagalog | Tagalog | {IPA-tl} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien | Taiwanese Hokkien | {IPA-taiwan} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Tamil | Tamil | {IPA-ta} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Tatar | Tatar | {IPA-tt} (uses), {IPA-crh} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Telugu | Telugu | {IPA-te} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Thai | Thai | {IPA-th} (uses), {IPA-sou} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Tibetan | Tibetan | {IPA-bo} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Tigrinya | Tigrinya | {IPA-ti} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic | Tunisian Arabic | {IPA-aeb} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Turkish | Turkish | {IPA-tr} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Turkmen | Turkmen | {IPA-tk} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Ukrainian | Ukrainian | {IPA-uk} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Uzbek | Uzbek | {IPA-uz} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Venetian | Venetian | {IPA-vec} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Vietnamese | Vietnamese | {IPA-vi} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Walloon | Walloon | {IPA-wa} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Welsh | Welsh | {IPA-cy} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/West Frisian | West Frisian | {IPA-fy} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Wu Chinese | Wu Chinese | {IPA-wuu} (uses) |
| Help:IPA/Yiddish | Yiddish | {IPA-yi} (uses) |
Languages without dedicated keys
Templates have been created for languages which do not yet have dedicated key pages. Transcriptions which use these templates will link to Help:IPA for the time being; when a language-specific key is created the templates will be linked accordingly. For example, you can use {IPA-jv|word} for Javanese, but for the moment it will link to Help:IPA, producing Javanese pronunciation: [word].
Languages and language extensions (IPA-xx) with links to Help:IPA
|
|---|
|
Conversion to IPA
The template {x2i} takes X-SAMPA symbols (ASCII equivalents of IPA symbols) and converts them to IPA.
Other language-specific templates allow you to enter ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) in place of IPA characters, and they will be automatically converted to the phonetic symbols that are used to transcribe the language. The templates that are currently available are shown below, with examples:
| Language | Template | Code example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic | {IPAc-ar} (uses) | {IPAc-ar|2|a|l|l|u|gh|a|t_|a|l|3|a|r|a|b|i|y|y|a}
|
[ʔalluɣat‿alʕarabijja] |
| Cantonese | {IPAc-yue} (uses) | {IPAc-yue|h|ung|2|.|z|i|2}
|
[hǒŋ.tsǐː] |
| English | {IPAc-en} (uses) | {IPAc-en|,|{|l|@|'|b|{|m|@}
|
/ˌæləˈbæmə/ |
| French | {IPAc-fr} (uses) | {IPAc-fr|j|@|-|s|U|i|s_|a|m|é|r|i|c|ain}
|
[ʒə sɥi.z‿ameʁikɛ̃] |
| Georgian | {IPAc-ka} (uses) | {IPAc-ka|dz|a|l|a|_|e|r|t|o|b|a|sh|i|a}
|
[d͡zɑlɑ ɛrtʰɔbɑʃiɑ] |
| Hebrew | {IPAc-he} (uses) | {IPAc-he|y|a|ʿ|a|k|o|v}
|
[jaʕakov] |
| Hungarian | {IPAc-hu} (uses) | {IPAc-hu|'|m|a|gy|a|r}
|
[ˈmɒɟɒr] |
| Irish | {IPAc-ga} (uses) | {IPAc-ga|'|b|ai|l'|@|-|'|á|th|@|-|'|c'|l'|ia|th}
|
[ˈbˠalʲə ˈaːhə ˈclʲiəh] |
| Italian | {IPAc-it} (uses) | {IPAc-it|'|i|:|o|_|'|s|o|:|n|o|_|a|m|e|r|i|'|c|a|:|n|o}
|
[ˈiːo ˈsoːno ameriˈkaːno] |
| Japanese | {IPAc-ja} (uses) | {IPAc-ja|ku|ro|si|o}
|
[kɯɾoɕio] |
| Korean | {IPAc-ko} (uses) | {IPAc-ko|h|a|ng|eo}
|
[haːŋəː] |
| Mandarin | {IPAc-cmn} (uses) | {IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}
|
[ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ] |
| Māori | {IPAc-mi} (uses) | {IPAc-mi|ng|ā|r|u|a|'|w|ā|h|i|a}
|
[ŋaːɾʉaˈwaːhia] |
| Marshallese | {IPAc2-mh} (uses) | {IPAc2-mh|mhahjelh}
|
[mˠɑːzʲɛlˠ] |
| Polish | {IPAc-pl} (uses) | {IPAc-pl|'|sz|cz|e|ć|i|n}
|
[ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin] |
| Portuguese | {IPAc-pt} (uses) | {IPAc-pt|p|o|<|r|t|u|'|g|a|l|lang=pt} and {IPAc-pt|b|r|a|'|S|i|l|lang=br}
|
[puɾtuˈɣaɫ] and [bɾaˈziw] |
| Romanian | {IPAc-ro} (uses) | {IPAc-ro|ˈ|m|U|n|ț|ii|_|f|ă|G|ă|ˈ|r|a|ș|U|l|U|i}
|
[ˈmuntsij fəɡəˈraʃului] |
| Spanish | {IPAc-es} (uses) | {IPAc-es|m|i|'|gu|e|l|_|d|e|_|c|e|r|'|v|a|n|t|e|s|_|s|aa|'|v|e|d|r|a}
|
[miˈɣel ðe θeɾˈβantes saːˈβeðɾa] |
The following templates have also been created, but they haven't been vetted by the community and may not work properly:
- {IPAc-ang} (uses): Old English
- {IPAc-de} (uses): German
- {IPAc-is} (uses): Icelandic
- {IPAc-la} (uses): Latin
- {IPAc-nl} (uses): Dutch
- {IPAc-uk} (uses): Ukrainian
See also
- {Respell}, for pronunciation respellings, which may be used for English words in addition to the IPA
- {IPA-nci}, for dual Nahuatl-IPA transcription