Tryptophan
L-isomer of Tryptophan
Tryptophan (Trp or W ) is encoded by the codon UGG . It is an α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins .
Tryptophan has an α-amino group (which is in the –NH3 + form under biological conditions), and an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions). It also has a side chain indole , which makes it a non-polar aromatic amino acid. Tryptophan is essential to humans: the body cannot synthesize it, so it must be got from the diet.
Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin .[1]
People get tryptophan by eating protein-rich foods like meat, eggs, and dairy products.
References
↑ Slominski, Andrzej; Semak, Igor; Pisarchik, Alexander; Sweatman, Trevor; Szczesniewski, Andre; Wortsman, Jacobo (2002). "Conversion of L-tryptophan to serotonin and melatonin in human melanoma cells". FEBS Letters . 511 (1–3): 102–6. doi :10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03319-1 . PMID 11821057 . S2CID 7820568 .
Encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids
General topics By properties
Aliphatic
Alanine
Branched-chain amino acids (Valine
Isoleucine
Leucine)
Methionine
Proline
Glycine
Aromatic Polar, uncharged Positive charge (pK a )
Histidine (≈6.1)
Lysine (≈10.8)
Arginine (≈12.5)
Pyrrolysine
Negative charge (pK a )
Amino acids types : Encoded (proteins)
Essential
Non-proteinogenic
Ketogenic
Glucogenic
Secondary amino
Imino acids
D-amino acids
Dehydroamino acids
K→acetyl-CoA
lysine→
Saccharopine
Allysine
α-Aminoadipic acid
2-Oxoadipic acid
Glutaryl-CoA
Glutaconyl-CoA
Crotonyl-CoA
β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA
leucine→
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyryl-CoA
Isovaleryl-CoA
α-Ketoisocaproic acid
β-Ketoisocaproic acid
β-Ketoisocaproyl-CoA
β-Leucine
β-Methylcrotonyl-CoA
β-Methylglutaconyl-CoA
β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA
tryptophan →alanine →
N′-Formylkynurenine
Kynurenine
Anthranilic acid
3-Hydroxykynurenine
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid
2-Amino-3-carboxymuconic semialdehyde
2-Aminomuconic semialdehyde
2-Aminomuconic acid
Glutaryl-CoA
G
G→pyruvate → citrate
glycine→ serine→
glycine→creatine : Glycocyamine
Phosphocreatine
Creatinine
G→glutamate → α-ketoglutarate
histidine →
Urocanic acid
Imidazol-4-one-5-propionic acid
Formiminoglutamic acid
Glutamate-1-semialdehyde
proline→
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid
arginine→
Agmatine
Ornithine
Citrulline
Cadaverine
Putrescine
other
G→propionyl-CoA→ succinyl-CoA
valine→
α-Ketoisovaleric acid
Isobutyryl-CoA
Methacrylyl-CoA
3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA
3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid
2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoic acid
isoleucine→
2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
2-Methylbutyryl-CoA
Tiglyl-CoA
2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA
methionine→
generation of homocysteine: S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
Homocysteine
conversion to cysteine: Cystathionine
α-Ketobutyric acid + Cysteine
threonine →propionyl-CoA→
G→fumarate
G→oxaloacetate
Other
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