Grand Tour (kolesarstvo)
Grand Tour (tudi Tritedenska dirka) je ime za tri najpomembnejše in najprestižnejše etapne dirke v kolesarstvu: Dirko po Franciji (francosko Tour de France), Dirko po Italiji (italijansko Giro d'Italia) in Dirko po Španiji (špansko Vuelta a España). Vse tri potekajo v podobni obliki in s trajanjem približno treh tednov. Imajo poseben status v pravilih UCI, prinašajo največ točk za lestvico[1] in so edine cestne etapne dirke dolge več kot štirinajst dni.[2]
Dirko po Italiji običajno poteka v maju, Dirka po Franciji v juliju in Dirka po Španiji v drugi polovici avgusta in začetku septembra. Dirka po Španiji je prvotno potekala spomladi, običajno konec aprila, nekajkrat v štiridesetih letih tudi junija, toda leta 1995 so jo v izogib prekrivanju z Dirko po Italiji pomaknili na konec sezone. Dirka po Franciji je najstarejša in najprestižnejša izmed treh dirk, prinaša tudi največ točk za kolesarsko lestvico[1] in velja za najbolj obiskano vsakoletno športno tekmovanje na svetu.[3] Dirka po Franciji, Dirka po Italiji in cesta dirka svetovnega prvenstva veljata za kolesarsko trojno krono. Najuspešnejši kolesar v zgodovini dirki Grand Tour je Eddy Merckx z enajstimi skupnimi zmagami, je tudi eden sedmih kolesarjev z zmagami na vseh treh dirkah. Osemnajstkrat se je zgodilo, da je isti kolesar zmagal na dveh od treh dirkah v sezoni, na vseh treh pa še nihče.
Skupni zmagovalci
Zmagovalci po letih
Leto | Dirka po Italiji | Dirka po Franciji | Dirka po Španiji |
---|---|---|---|
1903 | začetek leta 1909 | Maurice Garin (1/1) | začetek leta 1935 |
1904 | Henri Cornet (1/1) | ||
1905 | Louis Trousselier (1/1) | ||
1906 | René Pottier (1/1) | ||
1907 | Lucien Petit-Breton (1/2) | ||
1908 | Lucien Petit-Breton (2/2) | ||
1909 | Luigi Ganna (1/1) | François Faber (1/1) | |
1910 | Carlo Galetti (1/3) | Octave Lapize (1/1) | |
1911 | Carlo Galetti (2/3) | Gustave Garrigou (1/1) | |
1912 | Team Atala (Carlo Galetti (3/3), Giovanni Micheletto (1/1) in Eberardo Pavesi (1/1)) |
Odile Defraye (1/1) | |
1913 | Carlo Oriani (1/1) | Philippe Thys (1/3) | |
1914 | Alfonso Calzolari (1/1) | Philippe Thys (2/3) | |
1915 | prva svetovna vojna | ||
1916 | |||
1917 | |||
1918 | |||
1919 | Costante Girardengo (1/2) | Firmin Lambot (1/2) | |
1920 | Gaetano Belloni (1/1) | Philippe Thys (3/3) | |
1921 | Giovanni Brunero (1/3) | Léon Scieur (1/1) | |
1922 | Giovanni Brunero (2/3) | Firmin Lambot (2/2) | |
1923 | Costante Girardengo (2/2) | Henri Pélissier (1/1) | |
1924 | Giuseppe Enrici (1/1) | Ottavio Bottecchia (1/2) | |
1925 | Alfredo Binda (1/5) | Ottavio Bottecchia (2/2) | |
1926 | Giovanni Brunero (3/3) | Lucien Buysse (1/1) | |
1927 | Alfredo Binda (2/5) | Nicolas Frantz (1/2) | |
1928 | Alfredo Binda (3/5) | Nicolas Frantz (2/2) | |
1929 | Alfredo Binda (4/5) | Maurice De Waele (1/1) | |
1930 | Luigi Marchisio (1/1) | André Leducq (1/2) | |
1931 | Francesco Camusso (1/1) | Antonin Magne (1/2) | |
1932 | Antonio Pesenti (1/1) | André Leducq (2/2) | |
1933 | Alfredo Binda (5/5) | Georges Speicher (1/1) | |
1934 | Learco Guerra (1/1) | Antonin Magne (2/2) | |
1935 | Vasco Bergamaschi (1/1) | Romain Maes (1/1) | Gustaaf Deloor (1/2) |
1936 | Gino Bartali (1/5) | Sylvère Maes (1/2) | Gustaaf Deloor (2/2) |
1937 | Gino Bartali (2/5) | Roger Lapébie (1/1) | španska državljanska vojna |
1938 | Giovanni Valetti (1/2) | Gino Bartali (3/5) | |
1939 | Giovanni Valetti (2/2) | Sylvère Maes (2/2) | |
1940 | Fausto Coppi (1/7) | druga svetovna vojna | |
1941 | druga svetovna vojna | Julián Berrendero (1/2) | |
1942 | Julián Berrendero (2/2) | ||
1943 | druga svetovna vojna | ||
1944 | |||
1945 | Delio Rodríguez (1/1) | ||
1946 | Gino Bartali (4/5) | Dalmacio Langarica (1/1) | |
1947 | Fausto Coppi (2/7) | Jean Robic (1/1) | Edward Van Dijck (1/1) |
1948 | Fiorenzo Magni (1/3) | Gino Bartali (5/5) | Bernardo Ruiz (1/1) |
1949 | Fausto Coppi (3/7) | Fausto Coppi (4/7) | ni potekala |
1950 | Hugo Koblet (1/2) | Ferdinand Kübler (1/1) | Emilio Rodríguez (1/1) |
1951 | Fiorenzo Magni (2/3) | Hugo Koblet (2/2) | ni potekala |
1952 | Fausto Coppi (5/7) | Fausto Coppi (6/7) | |
1953 | Fausto Coppi (7/7) | Louison Bobet (1/3) | |
1954 | Carlo Clerici (1/1) | Louison Bobet (2/3) | |
1955 | Fiorenzo Magni (3/3) | Louison Bobet (3/3) | Jean Dotto (1/1) |
1956 | Charly Gaul (1/3) | Roger Walkowiak (1/1) | Angelo Conterno (1/1) |
1957 | Gastone Nencini (1/2) | Jacques Anquetil (1/8) | Jesús Loroño (1/1) |
1958 | Ercole Baldini (1/1) | Charly Gaul (2/3) | Jean Stablinski (1/1) |
1959 | Charly Gaul (3/3) | Federico Bahamontes (1/1) | Antonio Suárez (1/1) |
1960 | Jacques Anquetil (2/8) | Gastone Nencini (2/2) | Frans De Mulder (1/1) |
1961 | Arnaldo Pambianco (1/1) | Jacques Anquetil (3/8) | Angelino Soler (1/1) |
1962 | Franco Balmamion (1/2) | Jacques Anquetil (4/8) | Rudi Altig (1/1) |
1963 | Franco Balmamion (2/2) | Jacques Anquetil (6/8) | Jacques Anquetil (5/8) |
1964 | Jacques Anquetil (7/8) | Jacques Anquetil (8/8) | Raymond Poulidor (1/1) |
1965 | Vittorio Adorni (1/1) | Felice Gimondi (1/5) | Rolf Wolfshohl (1/1) |
1966 | Gianni Motta (1/1) | Lucien Aimar (1/1) | Francisco Gabica (1/1) |
1967 | Felice Gimondi (2/5) | Roger Pingeon (1/2) | Jan Janssen (1/2) |
1968 | Eddy Merckx (1/11) | Jan Janssen (2/2) | Felice Gimondi (3/5) |
1969 | Felice Gimondi (4/5) | Eddy Merckx (2/11) | Roger Pingeon (2/2) |
1970 | Eddy Merckx (3/11) | Eddy Merckx (4/11) | Luis Ocaña (1/2) |
1971 | Gösta Pettersson (1/1) | Eddy Merckx (5/11) | Ferdinand Bracke (1/1) |
1972 | Eddy Merckx (6/11) | Eddy Merckx (7/11) | José Manuel Fuente (1/2) |
1973 | Eddy Merckx (9/11) | Luis Ocaña (2/2) | Eddy Merckx (8/11) |
1974 | Eddy Merckx (10/11) | Eddy Merckx (11/11) | José Manuel Fuente (2/2) |
1975 | Fausto Bertoglio (1/1) | Bernard Thévenet (1/2) | Agustín Tamames (1/1) |
1976 | Felice Gimondi (5/5) | Lucien Van Impe (1/1) | José Pesarrodona (1/1) |
1977 | Michel Pollentier (1/1) | Bernard Thévenet (2/2) | Freddy Maertens (1/1) |
1978 | Johan De Muynck (1/1) | Bernard Hinault (2/10) | Bernard Hinault (1/10) |
1979 | Giuseppe Saronni (1/2) | Bernard Hinault (3/10) | Joop Zoetemelk (1/2) |
1980 | Bernard Hinault (4/10) | Joop Zoetemelk (2/2) | Faustino Rupérez (1/1) |
1981 | Giovanni Battaglin (2/2) | Bernard Hinault (5/10) | Giovanni Battaglin (1/2) |
1982 | Bernard Hinault (6/10) | Bernard Hinault (7/10) | Marino Lejarreta (1/1) |
1983 | Giuseppe Saronni (2/2) | Laurent Fignon (1/3) | Bernard Hinault (8/10) |
1984 | Francesco Moser (1/1) | Laurent Fignon (2/3) | Éric Caritoux (1/1) |
1985 | Bernard Hinault (9/10) | Bernard Hinault (10/10) | Pedro Delgado (1/3) |
1986 | Roberto Visentini (1/1) | Greg LeMond (1/3) | Álvaro Pino (1/1) |
1987 | Stephen Roche (1/2) | Stephen Roche (2/2) | Luis Herrera (1/1) |
1988 | Andrew Hampsten (1/1) | Pedro Delgado (2/3) | Sean Kelly (1/1) |
1989 | Laurent Fignon (3/3) | Greg LeMond (2/3) | Pedro Delgado (3/3) |
1990 | Gianni Bugno (1/1) | Greg LeMond (3/3) | Marco Giovannetti (1/1) |
1991 | Franco Chioccioli (1/1) | Miguel Indurain (1/7) | Melcior Mauri (1/1) |
1992 | Miguel Indurain (2/7) | Miguel Indurain (3/7) | Tony Rominger (1/4) |
1993 | Miguel Indurain (4/7) | Miguel Indurain (5/7) | Tony Rominger (2/4) |
1994 | Jevgenij Berzin (1/1) | Miguel Indurain (6/7) | Tony Rominger (3/4) |
1995 | Tony Rominger (4/4) | Miguel Indurain (7/7) | Laurent Jalabert (1/1) |
1996 | Pavel Tonkov (1/1) | Bjarne Riis (1/1) | Alex Zülle (1/2) |
1997 | Ivan Gotti (1/2) | Jan Ullrich (1/2) | Alex Zülle (2/2) |
1998 | Marco Pantani (1/2) | Marco Pantani (2/2) | Abraham Olano (1/1) |
1999 | Ivan Gotti (2/2) | brez zmagovalca | Jan Ullrich (2/2) |
2000 | Stefano Garzelli (1/1) | brez zmagovalca | Roberto Heras (1/4) |
2001 | Gilberto Simoni (1/2) | brez zmagovalca | Ángel Casero (1/1) |
2002 | Paolo Savoldelli (1/2) | brez zmagovalca | Aitor González (1/1) |
2003 | Gilberto Simoni (2/2) | brez zmagovalca | Roberto Heras (2/4) |
2004 | Damiano Cunego (1/1) | brez zmagovalca | Roberto Heras (3/4) |
2005 | Paolo Savoldelli (2/2) | brez zmagovalca | Roberto Heras (4/4) |
2006 | Ivan Basso (1/2) | Óscar Pereiro (1/1) | Aleksander Vinokurov (1/1) |
2007 | Danilo Di Luca (1/1) | Alberto Contador (1/7) | Denis Menčov (1/2) |
2008 | Alberto Contador (2/7) | Carlos Sastre (1/1) | Alberto Contador (3/7) |
2009 | Denis Menčov (2/2) | Alberto Contador (4/7) | Alejandro Valverde (1/1) |
2010 | Ivan Basso (2/2) | Andy Schleck (1/1) | Vincenzo Nibali (1/4) |
2011 | Michele Scarponi (1/1) | Cadel Evans (1/1) | Chris Froome (1/7) |
2012 | Ryder Hesjedal (1/1) | Bradley Wiggins (1/1) | Alberto Contador (5/7) |
2013 | Vincenzo Nibali (2/4) | Chris Froome (2/7) | Chris Horner (1/1) |
2014 | Nairo Quintana (1/2) | Vincenzo Nibali (3/4) | Alberto Contador (6/7) |
2015 | Alberto Contador (7/7) | Chris Froome (3/7) | Fabio Aru (1/1) |
2016 | Vincenzo Nibali (4/4) | Chris Froome (4/7) | Nairo Quintana (2/2) |
2017 | Tom Dumoulin (1/1) | Chris Froome (5/7) | Chris Froome (6/7) |
2018 | Chris Froome (7/7) | Geraint Thomas (1/1) | Simon Yates (1/1) |
2019 | Richard Carapaz (1/1) | Egan Bernal (1/2) | Primož Roglič (1/4) |
2020 | Tao Geoghegan Hart (1/1) | Tadej Pogačar (1/2) | Primož Roglič (2/4) |
2021 | Egan Bernal (2/2) | Tadej Pogačar (2/2) | Primož Roglič (3/4) |
2022 | Jai Hindley (1/1) | Jonas Vingegaard (1/2) | Remco Evenepoel (1/1) |
2023 | Primož Roglič (4/4) | Jonas Vingegaard (2/2) | Sepp Kuss (1/1) |
Najuspešnejši kolesarji
Poz. | Kolesar | Skupno | Dirka po Franciji | Dirka po Italiji | Dirka po Španiji |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Eddy Merckx | 11 | 5 (1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1974) | 5 (1968, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974) | 1 (1973) |
2 | Bernard Hinault | 10 | 5 (1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1985) | 3 (1980, 1982, 1985) | 2 (1978, 1983) |
3 | Jacques Anquetil | 8 | 5 (1957, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964) | 2 (1960, 1964) | 1 (1963) |
4 | Fausto Coppi | 7 | 2 (1949, 1952) | 5 (1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953) | – |
Miguel Indurain | 7 | 5 (1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995) | 2 (1992, 1993) | – | |
Alberto Contador | 7 | 2 (2007, 2009) | 2 (2008, 2015) | 3 (2008, 2012, 2014) | |
Chris Froome | 7 | 4 (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017) | 1 (2018) | 2 (2011, 2017) | |
8 | Alfredo Binda | 5 | – | 5 (1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1933) | – |
Gino Bartali | 5 | 2 (1938, 1948) | 3 (1936, 1937, 1946) | – | |
Felice Gimondi | 5 | 1 (1965) | 3 (1967, 1969, 1976) | 1 (1968) | |
11 | Tony Rominger | 4 | – | 1 (1995) | 3 (1992, 1993, 1994) |
Roberto Heras | 4 | – | – | 4 (2000, 2003, 2004, 2005) | |
Vincenzo Nibali | 4 | 1 (2014) | 2 (2013, 2016) | 1 (2010) | |
Primož Roglič | 4 | 1 (2023) | 3 (2019, 2020, 2021) |
Zmage po državah
Država | Italija | Francija | Španija | Skupaj |
---|---|---|---|---|
Italija | 69 | 10 | 6 | 85 |
Francija | 6 | 36 | 9 | 51 |
Španija | 4 | 12 | 32 | 48 |
Belgija | 7 | 18 | 8 | 33 |
Združeno kraljestvo | 2 | 6 | 3 | 11 |
Švica | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 |
Luksemburg | 2 | 5 | 0 | 7 |
Slovenija | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
ZDA | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
Nizozemska | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
Kolumbija | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
Nemčija | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
Rusija | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
Irska | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Danska | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
Avstralija | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Švedska | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Kanada | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Ekvador | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Kazahstan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Zmagovalci etap
Poz. | Kolesar | Francija | Italija | Španija | Skupaj |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Eddy Merckx | 34 | 24 | 6 | 64 |
2 | Mario Cipollini | 12 | 42 | 3 | 57 |
3 | Mark Cavendish | 34 | 17 | 3 | 54 |
4 | Alessandro Petacchi | 6 | 22 | 20 | 48 |
5 | Alfredo Binda | 2 | 41 | 0 | 43 |
6 | Bernard Hinault | 28 | 6 | 7 | 41 |
7 | Learco Guerra | 8 | 31 | 0 | 39 |
8 | Delio Rodríguez | 0 | 0 | 39 | 39 |
9 | Rik Van Looy | 7 | 12 | 18 | 37 |
10 | Freddy Maertens | 15 | 7 | 13 | 35 |
11 | Fausto Coppi | 9 | 22 | 0 | 31 |
12 | Costante Girardengo | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 |
13 | Gino Bartali | 12 | 17 | 0 | 29 |
14 | Marino Basso | 6 | 15 | 6 | 27 |
Francesco Moser | 2 | 23 | 2 | 27 | |
16 | Guido Bontempi | 6 | 16 | 4 | 26 |
Raffaele Di Paco | 11 | 15 | 0 | 26 | |
Miguel Poblet | 3 | 20 | 3 | 26 | |
Giuseppe Saronni | 0 | 24 | 2 | 26 | |
20 | Franco Bitossi | 4 | 21 | 0 | 25 |
Laurent Jalabert | 4 | 3 | 18 | 25 | |
André Leducq | 25 | 0 | 0 | 25 | |
Rik Van Steenbergen | 4 | 15 | 6 | 25 | |
24 | Roger De Vlaeminck | 1 | 22 | 1 | 24 |
Robbie McEwen | 12 | 12 | 0 | 24 | |
26 | André Darrigade | 22 | 1 | 0 | 23 |
27 | Jacques Anquetil | 16 | 5 | 1 | 22 |
Jean Paul van Poppel | 9 | 4 | 9 | 22 | |
André Greipel | 11 | 7 | 4 | 22 | |
30 | Charly Gaul | 10 | 11 | 0 | 21 |
Sean Kelly | 5 | 0 | 16 | 21 |
Sklici
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 »UCI Cycling regulations—Part 2: Road Races« (PDF). 1. januar 2017. str. 64. Pridobljeno 6. julija 2017.
- ↑ »UCI Cycling regulations«. str. 41. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 23. junija 2011. Pridobljeno 20. julija 2012.
- ↑ McMahon, Daniel. »Tour de France, world's biggest annual sporting event, is an amazing race and breathtaking logistical feat«. Business Insider.