Ki rambetuk

Ki rambetuk
Ki rambetuk, Dalbergia latifolia
Darmaga, Bogor
Status konservasi

Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3)
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Karajaan:
Plantae
Divisi:
Magnoliophyta
Kelas:
Magnoliopsida
Ordo:
Fabales
Kulawarga:
Fabaceae
Subfamili:
Faboideae
Génus:
Dalbergia
Spésiés:
D. latifolia
Ngaran binomial
Dalbergia latifolia
Roxb. (1799)[1]
Species

275; see text.

Sinonim
  • Acouba Aubl.
  • Amerimnon P.Browne
  • Coroya Pierre
  • Ecastaphyllum P.Browne
  • Miscolobium Vogel
  • Triptolemea Mart.



Cucuk D. armata
Tangkal D. lanceolaria
Kembang D. lanceolaria
Siki D. lanceolaria
Anak catur tina D. latifolia rosewood
Kembang D. miscolobium
Kai tina Dalbergia sp. - MHNT

Ki rambetuk sonokeling; Dalbergia nyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga fabaceae.[2] Tangkalna kagolong keun tangkal sumedeng, henteu pati gedé. [3][4][5] Ieu tutuwuhan loba kapanggih hirup di wewengkon tropis, Amérika Tengah , Amérika Kidul , Madagaskar , jeung Asia Tenggara.

Catetan Fossil

Ki rambetuk bisa disebut tangkal buhun anu masih kénéh hirup, buktina di sababaraha daérah kungsi kapanggih fossilna. Dalbergia phleboptera binihna kungsi kapanggih dina hiji wadah, di kotamadya Aix-en-Provence Perancis.[6] Fossil Dalbergia nostratum ogé geus kapanggih di rhyodacite sanajan umurna masih kénéh ngora Miosen di Kidul Slowakia caket kota Lučenec.[7] Fossil sikina Dalbergia mecsekense ogé kapanggih di Sarmatian, Hungaria.[8] Fosil Dalbergia lucida ogé kapanggih di Kabupaten Kaiyuan, Provinsi Yunnan, China.[9]

Guna jeung mangpaat

Loba spésiés Dalbergia salaku tangkal kai anu penting, mibanda harga saneng niléy ékonomi anu luhur. Kaina anu mibanda kelir coklat kolot loba dimangpaatkeun pikeun hiasan, diarah minyakna salaku minyak seungit/ aromatik. Anu kawéntar diantarana nyaéta rosewoods, mibanda seungit anu kuat.

Aya deui tina spésiés Dalbergia nigra dipiwanohna salaku : Rio, Bahia, Brazilian rosewood, palisander de Rio Grande, atawa jacaranda jeung Dalbergia latifolia sok disebut ogé Rosewood Indian (kidul) atawa Sonokeling geus loba dimangpaatkeun pikeun nyieun parabot rumahtangga, alatan kelir kaina anu éndah. Sababaraha spésiés di Asia Wétan mangrupikeun bahan anu penting dina karajinan furniture traditional di nagara China. Tulipwood (Brasil) ( D. decipularis ) kelirna krem aya guguratan beureum atawa kayas. ieu remen dimangpaatkeun pikeun veneer jeung nu séjéna; ampir patukeur jeung "tulipwood" tina tangkal tulip Amerika Liriodendron tulipifera , anu dimangpaatkeun pikeun lomari murah.

Aya anu sarupa ogé sok dipaké (kelirna bungur sarta guguratan leuwih kolot), ogé ti Brazil, kingwood dihasilkeun tina D. cearensis . Duanana tangkalna henteu pati gedé, jangkung 10 m. Kai anu penting séjéna cocobolo, utamana tina D. retusa , kai Amérika Tengah mibanda kelir beureum layung jadi dékoratif anu spektakulér katempo dina mangsa anyar dipotong anu engkéna gancang laas ku waha jadi corak anu leuwih iuh.


Konservasi

Sakabéh spésiés kai ki rambetuk; sonokeling; Dalbergia henteu sagawayah bisa di jual beulikeun, alatan aya dina panangtayungan Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) .[10]Kajaba Dalbergia nigra aya dina cutatan tambahan II, ogé D. nigra aya dina tambahan cutatan I. (listed in Appendix)

Spésiés

Dalbergia aya sababaraha spésiés :[11][12]

  • Dalbergia abbreviata Craib
  • Dalbergia abrahamii Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia acariiantha Harms
  • Dalbergia acuta Benth.
  • Dalbergia acutifoliolata Mendonca & Sousa
  • Dalbergia adami Berhaut
  • Dalbergia afzeliana G. Don
  • Dalbergia ajudana Harms
  • Dalbergia albertisii Prain
  • Dalbergia albiflora Hutch. & Dalziel
    • subsp. albiflora Hutch. & Dalziel
    • subsp. echinocarpa Hepper
  • Dalbergia altissima Baker f.
  • Dalbergia altissima Pittier[13]
  • Dalbergia amazonica (Radlk.) Ducke
  • Dalbergia andapensis Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia arbutifolia Baker
  • Dalbergia armata E. Mey. — Hluhluwe creeper
  • Dalbergia assamica Benth.[14]
  • Dalbergia aurea Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia bakeri Baker
  • Dalbergia balansae Prain
  • Dalbergia baronii Baker — Madagascar rosewood, Palisander rosewood, Palissandre voamboana
  • Dalbergia bathiei R. Vig.
  • Dalbergia beccarii Prain
  • Dalbergia beddomei Thoth.
  • Dalbergia benthamii Prain
  • Dalbergia bignonae Berhaut
  • Dalbergia bintuluensis Sunarno & Ohashi
  • Dalbergia boehmii Taub.
  • Dalbergia bojeri Drake
  • Dalbergia boniana Gagnep.
  • Dalbergia borneensis Prain
  • Dalbergia brachystachya Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia bracteolata Baker
  • Dalbergia brasiliensis Vogel
  • Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Urb. — Coin vine
  • Dalbergia burmanica Prain
  • Dalbergia calderonii Standl.
    • subsp. calderonii Standl.
    • subsp. molinae Rudd
  • Dalbergia calycina Benth.
  • Dalbergia campenonii Drake
  • Dalbergia cana Kurz
  • Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain
  • Dalbergia canescens (Elmer) Merr.
  • Dalbergia capuronii Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia carringtoniana Sousa
  • Dalbergia catingicola Harms
  • Dalbergia caudata G. Don
  • Dalbergia cearensis Ducke — Kingwood
  • Dalbergia chapelieri Baill.
  • Dalbergia chlorocarpa R. Vig.
  • Dalbergia chontalensis Standl. & L.O. Williams
  • Dalbergia clarkei Thoth.
  • Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness. — Siamese rosewood, Thailand rosewood, Tracwood (synonym Dalbergia cambodiana Pierre)
  • Dalbergia commiphoroides Baker f.
  • Dalbergia confertiflora Benth.
  • Dalbergia congensis Baker f.
  • Dalbergia congesta Wight & Arn.
  • Dalbergia congestiflora Pittier
  • Dalbergia coromandeliana Prain
  • Dalbergia crispa Hepper
  • Dalbergia cubilquitzensis (Donn. Sm.) Pittier[15]
  • Dalbergia cucullata Pittier
  • Dalbergia cuiabensis Benth.
  • Dalbergia cultrata Benth.
  • Dalbergia cumingiana Benth.
  • Dalbergia curtisii Prain
  • Dalbergia cuscatlanica (Standl.) Standl.
  • Dalbergia dalzielii Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Dalbergia darienensis Rudd
  • Dalbergia davidii Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia debilis J.F. Macbr.
  • Dalbergia decipularis Rizzini & A. Mattos — Tulipwood
  • Dalbergia delphinensis Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia densa Benth.
  • Dalbergia densiflora (Benth.) Benth.
  • Dalbergia discolor Blume
  • Dalbergia duarensis Thoth.
  • Dalbergia dyeriana Harms
  • Dalbergia ealaensis De Wild.
  • Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. — Coin vine
  • Dalbergia elegans A.M. Carvalho
  • Dalbergia emirnensis Benth.
  • Dalbergia enneaphylla Pittier
  • Dalbergia entadoides Prain
  • Dalbergia eremicola Polhill
  • Dalbergia ernest-ulei Hoehne
  • Dalbergia errans Craib
  • Dalbergia erubescens Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia falcata Prain
  • Dalbergia fischeri Taub.
  • Dalbergia floribunda Craib
  • Dalbergia florifera De Wild.
  • Dalbergia foliolosa Benth.
  • Dalbergia foliosa (Benth.) A.M. Carvalho
  • Dalbergia forbesii Prain
  • Dalbergia fouilloyana Pellegr.
  • Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton — Brazilian tulipwood, Jacarandá rosa, Pau de fuso, Pau rosa, Pinkwood, Tulipwood
  • Dalbergia funera Standl.[16]
  • Dalbergia fusca Pierre
  • Dalbergia gardneriana Benth.
  • Dalbergia gentilii De Wild.
  • Dalbergia gilbertii Cronquist
  • Dalbergia glaberrima Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia glabra (Mill.) Standl.
  • Dalbergia glandulosa Benth.
  • Dalbergia glaucescens (Benth.) Benth.
  • Dalbergia glaucocarpa Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia glaziovii Harms
  • Dalbergia glomerata Hemsl.
  • Dalbergia godefroyi Prain
  • Dalbergia gossweileri Baker f.
  • Dalbergia gracilis Benth.
  • Dalbergia granadillo Pittier
  • Dalbergia grandibracteata De Wild.
  • Dalbergia grandistipula A.M. Carvalho
  • Dalbergia greveana Baill.
  • Dalbergia guttembergii A.M. Carvalho
  • Dalbergia hainanensis Merr. & Chun
  • Dalbergia hancei Benth.
  • Dalbergia havilandii Prain
  • Dalbergia henryana Prain
  • Dalbergia heudelotii Stapf
  • Dalbergia hiemalis Malme
  • Dalbergia hildebrandtii Vatke
  • Dalbergia hirticalyx Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia horrida (Dennst.) Mabb.
  • Dalbergia hortensis Heringer & al.
  • Dalbergia hoseana Prain
  • Dalbergia hostilis Benth.
  • Dalbergia hullettii Prain
  • Dalbergia humbertii R. Vig.
  • Dalbergia hupeana Hance
  • Dalbergia hygrophila (Benth.) Hoehne
  • Dalbergia intermedia A.M. Carvalho
  • Dalbergia intibucana Standl. & L.O. Williams
  • Dalbergia inundata Benth.
  • Dalbergia iquitosensis Harms
  • Dalbergia jaherii Burck
  • Dalbergia junghuhnii Benth.
  • Dalbergia kerrii Craib
  • Dalbergia kingiana Prain
  • Dalbergia kisantuensis De Wild. & T. Durand
  • Dalbergia kostermansii Sunarno & Ohashi
  • Dalbergia kunstleri Prain
  • Dalbergia kurzii Prain
  • Dalbergia lacei Thoth.
  • Dalbergia lactea Vatke
  • Dalbergia lakhonensis Gagnep.
  • Dalbergia lanceolaria L. f.
  • Dalbergia lastoursvillensis Pellegr.
  • Dalbergia lateriflora Benth.
  • Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. — Bombay blackwood, East Indian rosewood, Indian palisandre, Indian rosewood, Irugudujava, Java palisandre, Malabar, Sonokeling, Shisham, Sitsal, Satisal
  • Dalbergia laxiflora Micheli
  • Dalbergia lemurica Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia librevillensis Pellegr.
  • Dalbergia louisii Cronquist
  • Dalbergia louvelii R. Vig. — violet rosewood
  • Dalbergia macrosperma Baker
  • Dalbergia madagascariensis Vatke
  • Dalbergia malabarica Prain
  • Dalbergia malangensis Sousa
  • Dalbergia marcaniana Craib
  • Dalbergia maritima R. Vig.
  • Dalbergia martinii F. White
  • Dalbergia mayumbensis Baker f.
  • Dalbergia melanocardium Pittier
  • Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill. & Perr. — African blackwood, African ebony, African grenadilo, Banbanus, Ebene, Granadilla, Granadille d'Afrique, Mpingo, Pau preto, Poyi, Zebrawood
  • Dalbergia menoeides Prain
  • Dalbergia mexicana Pittier
  • Dalbergia microphylla Chiov.
  • Dalbergia millettii Benth.
  • Dalbergia mimosella (Blanco) Prain
  • Dalbergia mimosoides Franch.
  • Dalbergia miscolobium Benth.
  • Dalbergia mollis Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia monetaria L. f. — Moneybush
  • Dalbergia monophylla G.A. Black
  • Dalbergia monticola Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia multijuga E. Mey.
  • Dalbergia negrensis (Radlk.) Ducke
  • Dalbergia neoperrieri Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia ngounyensis Pellegr.
  • Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Benth. — Bahia rosewood, Brazilian rosewood, Cabiuna, Caviuna, Jacarandá, Jacarandá de Brasil, Palisander, Palisandre da Brésil, Pianowood, Rio rosewood, Rosewood, Obuina
  • Dalbergia nigrescens Kurz[17]
  • Dalbergia nitida (Benth.) Hoehne
  • Dalbergia nitidula Baker
  • Dalbergia noldeae Harms
  • Dalbergia normandii Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia oblongifolia G. Don
  • Dalbergia obovata E. Mey. — Climbing flat bean
  • Dalbergia obtusifolia (Baker) Prain
  • Dalbergia odorifera T.C. Chen — Fragrant rosewood
  • Dalbergia oligophylla Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Dalbergia oliveri Prain (synonyms: Dalbergia bariensis Pierre, Dalbergia dongnaiensis Pierre, D. duperreana Pierre & Dalbergia mammosa Pierre)
  • Dalbergia orientalis Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia ovata Benth.
  • Dalbergia pachycarpa (De Wild. & T. Durand) De Wild.
  • Dalbergia palo-escrito Rzed. — Palo escrito
  • Dalbergia parviflora Roxb.
  • Dalbergia paucifoliolata Lundell
  • Dalbergia peguensis Thoth.
  • Dalbergia peishaensis Chun & T. Chen
  • Dalbergia peltieri Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia pervillei Vatke
  • Dalbergia pierreana Prain
  • Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain
  • Dalbergia pluriflora Baker f.
  • Dalbergia polyadelpha Prain
  • Dalbergia polyphylla Benth.
  • Dalbergia prainii Thoth.
  • Dalbergia pseudo-ovata Thoth.
  • Dalbergia pseudo-sissoo Miq.
  • Dalbergia pseudobaronii R. Vig.
  • Dalbergia purpurascens Baill.
  • Dalbergia reniformis Roxb.
  • Dalbergia reticulata Merr.
  • Dalbergia retusa Hemsl. — Caviuna, Cocobolo, Cocobolo prieto, Funeram, Granadillo, Jacarandáholz, Nambar, Nicaraguan rosewood, Palisander, Palissandro, Palo negro, Pau preto, Rosewood, Urauna
  • Dalbergia revoluta Ducke
  • Dalbergia richardsii Sunarno & Ohashi
  • Dalbergia riedelii (Benth.) Sandwith
  • Dalbergia rimosa Roxb.
  • Dalbergia riparia (Mart.) Benth.
  • Dalbergia rostrata Hassk.
  • Dalbergia rubiginosa Roxb.
  • Dalbergia rufa G. Don
  • Dalbergia rugosa Hepper
  • Dalbergia sacerdotum Prain
  • Dalbergia sambesiaca Schinz
  • Dalbergia sampaioana Kuhlm. & Hoehne
  • Dalbergia sandakanensis Sunarno & Ohashi
  • Dalbergia saxatilis Hook. f.
  • Dalbergia scortechinii (Prain) Prain
  • Dalbergia sericea G. Don
  • Dalbergia setifera Hutch. & Dalziel
  • Dalbergia simpsonii Rudd
  • Dalbergia sissoides Wight & Arn.
  • Dalbergia sissoo DC. — Agara, Agaru, Errasissu, Gette, Hihu, Indian rosewood, Irugudujava, Iruvil, Iti, Khujrap, Padimi, Safedar, Sheesham, Shinshapa, Shisham, Shishma, Shishom, Sinsupa, Sissoo, Sisu, Tali, Tenach, Tukreekung, Yette
  • Dalbergia spinosa Roxb.
  • Dalbergia spruceana (Benth.) Benth. — Amazon rosewood
  • Dalbergia stenophylla Prain
  • Dalbergia stercoracea Prain
  • Dalbergia stevensonii Standl. — Honduras rosewood, Nagaed
  • Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb.
  • Dalbergia suaresensis Baill.
  • Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke
  • Dalbergia succirubra Gagnep. & Craib
  • Dalbergia teijsmannii Sunarno & Ohashi
  • Dalbergia teixeirae Sousa
  • Dalbergia thomsonii Benth.
  • Dalbergia thorelii Gagnep.
  • Dalbergia tilarana N. Zamora
  • Dalbergia tinnevelliensis Thoth.
  • Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain
  • Dalbergia travancorica Thoth.
  • Dalbergia trichocarpa Baker
  • Dalbergia tricolor Drake
  • Dalbergia tsaratananensis Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia tsiandalana R. Vig.
  • Dalbergia tsoi Merr. & Chun
  • Dalbergia tucurensis Donn. Sm. — Guatemalan rosewood
  • Dalbergia uarandensis (Chiov.) Thulin
  • Dalbergia urschii Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia vacciniifolia Vatke
  • Dalbergia velutina Benth.
  • Dalbergia verrucosa Craib
  • Dalbergia viguieri Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia villosa (Benth.) Benth.
  • Dalbergia volubilis Roxb.
  • Dalbergia wattii C.B. Clarke
  • Dalbergia xerophila Bosser & R. Rabev.
  • Dalbergia yunnanensis Franch.

Dicutat tina

  1. ↑ Roxburgh, W. 1799. Pl. Corom. 2: 7, t. 113.
  2. ↑ Karl Hasskarl, Justus (1845). Aanteekeningen over het nut, door de bewoners van Java aan eenige planten van dat eiland toegeschreven. Universitas Oxford: J. Müller. p. 80.  Disungsi8 April 2021
  3. ↑ Lavin M; Pennington RT; Klitgaard BB; Sprent JI; de Lima HC; Gasson PE (2001). "The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade". Am J Bot 88 (3): 503–33. doi:10.2307/2657116. JSTOR 2657116. PMID 11250829. http://www.amjbot.org/content/88/3/503.abstract.  Archived 2017-10-29 di Wayback Machine
  4. ↑ Vatanparast M; Klitgård BB; FACB Adema; Pennington RT; Yahara T; Kajita T (2013). "First molecular phylogeny of the pantropical genus Dalbergia: implications for infrageneric circumscription and biogeography". S Afr J Bot 89: 143–149. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.07.001. 
  5. ↑ Cardoso D; Pennington RT; de Queiroz LP; Boatwright JS; Van Wyk B-E; Wojciechowskie MF; Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001. 
  6. ↑ https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/f/item/14084.?lang=en_US
  7. ↑ Miočenna flóra z lokalit Kalonda a Mučin, Jana Kučerová, ACTA GEOLOGICA SLOVACA, ročnic 1, 1, 2009, str. 65-70.
  8. ↑ Distribution of Legumes in the Tertiary of Hungary by L. Hably, Advances in Legume Systematics: Part 4, The Fossil Record, Ed. P.S. Herendeen & Dilcher, 1992, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "Catalog lookup link".Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "check isxn".
  9. ↑ The Megafossil Legumes from China by Gao Shuang-Xing & Zhou Zhe-Kun, Advances in Legume Systematics: Part 4, The Fossil Record, Ed. P.S. Herendeen & Dilcher, 1992, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "Catalog lookup link".Galat skrip: tidak ada modul tersebut "check isxn".
  10. ↑ "Appendices I, II and III". Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna. 2010-10-14. Diakses tanggal 2019-12-20. 
  11. ↑ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Dalbergia". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2014. 
  12. ↑ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Dalbergia". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2014. 
  13. ↑ Dalbergia altissima Pittier is accepted on a provisional basis, but will have to be renamed because Dalbergia altissima Baker f. has priority.
  14. ↑ Some sources consider Dalbergia assamica to be a synonym of Dalbergia lanceolaria.
  15. ↑ Some sources consider Dalbergia cubilquitzensis to be a synonym of Dalbergia tucurensis.
  16. ↑ Some sources consider Dalbergia funera to be a synonym of Dalbergia calderonii.
  17. ↑ POWO: Dalbergia nigrescens Kurz (retrieved 29 November 2020)

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