Lee Kuan Yew
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Lee Kuan Yew (16 Septemba 1923 – 23 Machi 2015) alikuwa mwanasiasa mashuhuri wa Singapore na Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa nchi hiyo. Aliongoza Singapore kutoka mwaka 1959 hadi 1990. Lee alihusika sana katika kubadilisha taifa hilo kutoka bandari ndogo isiyo na rasilimali za kutosha hadi kuwa mojawapo ya mataifa yaliyoendelea zaidi kiuchumi duniani. Mara nyingi anajulikana kama "Baba wa Kisasa wa Singapore" kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika maendeleo ya nchi hiyo.
Maisha ya awali
Lee alizaliwa tarehe 16 Septemba 1923, katika familia ya Kichina ya kabila la Hakka, mjini Singapore. Alisomea katika shule za kifahari za Raffles Institution na Raffles College kabla ya kupata nafasi ya kusoma sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge, Uingereza. Wakati wa masomo yake, Lee alionyesha vipaji vyake vya uongozi na uwezo mkubwa wa kuelewa masuala ya kisiasa na kijamii kwa ujumla.
Kazi ya siasa
Kiongozi wa Chama cha People's Action Party (PAP)
Mnamo mwaka 1954, Lee alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Chama cha People's Action Party (PAP), ambacho kilikuwa na lengo la kuwapatia uhuru wa Singapore kutoka mikononi mwa wakoloni wa Kiingerez. Chama hicho kilipata ushindi mkubwa katika uchaguzi wa 1959, na Lee akawa Waziri Mkuu wa kwanza wa Singapore.
Uhuru wa Singapore
Lee aliongoza Singapore wakati wa kipindi kigumu cha kisiasa na kijamii, ikiwemo muungano mfupi na Malaysia kati ya 1963 na 1965. Mnamo 9 Agosti 1965, Singapore ilijitenga na kuwa taifa huru, baada ya changamoto za kisiasa na kiuchumi zilizotokana na muungano huo.
Mageuzi ya kiuchumi
Baada ya uhuru, Lee alifanya mageuzi makubwa ya kiuchumi, akijikita katika nyanya hizi:
- Kuvutia uwekezaji wa kigeni.
- Kuimarisha sekta ya elimu kwa kukifanya Kiingereza kama lugha ya kufundishia.
- Kukuza bandari ya Singapore kuwa mojawapo ya bandari kuu duniani.
Lee alianzisha sera za kipekee kama vile "National Service" kwa vijana na msisitizo wa sheria kali ili kudumisha nidhamu na usalama wa umma.
Maisha Binafsi
Lee alifunga ndoa na Kwa Geok Choo, ambaye walikuwa naye pamoja tangu walipokuwa wakisoma Cambridge. Walibarikiwa na watoto watatu, akiwemo Lee Hsien Loong, ambaye alichukua nafasi ya Waziri Mkuu wa Singapore mnamo 2004.
Kifo
Lee Kuan Yew alifariki dunia tarehe 23 Machi 2015, akiwa na umri wa miaka 91. Kifo chake kilisindikizwa na maombolezo makubwa nchini Singapore na duniani kote, huku viongozi wa kimataifa wakisifu mchango wake makini kwa maendeleo ya nchi hiyo.
Jisomee
Vyanzo vya msingi
- Lee, Kuan Yew (1998). The Singapore Story: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. Times Editions. ISBN 9789812049834.
- —— (2000). From Third World to First: 1965–2000: Memoirs of Lee Kuan Yew. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060197766.
- —— (2005). Keeping My Mandarin Alive: Lee Kuan Yew's Language Learning Experience. World Scientific Publishing Company. ISBN 9789812563828.
- —— (2011). Hard Truths To Keep Singapore Going. Straits Times Press. ISBN 978-9814266727.
- —— (2012). My Lifelong Challenge: Singapore's Bilingual Journey. Straits Times Press. ISBN 9789814342032.
- —— (2013a). The Wit and Wisdom of Lee Kuan Yew. Didier Millet. ISBN 9789814385282. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 5 Machi 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo 16 Juni 2021.
{cite book}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - —— (2013b). One Man's View of the World. Straits Times Press. ISBN 9789814342568.
- —— (2014). The Battle for Merger. National Archives of Singapore. ISBN 9789814342773. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 5 Machi 2024. Iliwekwa mnamo 16 Juni 2021.
{cite book}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
Vyanzo vingine
- Kassim, Yang Razali; Ali, Mushahid, whr. (2016). Reflections: The Legacy of Lee Kuan Yew. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. doi:10.1142/9811. ISBN 978-9814723886.
- Allison, Graham T.; Blackwill, Robert D.; Ali, Wyne (2013). Lee Kuan Yew: Grand Master's Insights on China, the United States and the World. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0262019125. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo 31 Januari 2017. Iliwekwa mnamo 19 Januari 2017.
{cite book}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Koh, Buck Song (2011). Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-9814328159.
- Plate, Tom (2010). Conversations with Lee Kuan Yew: Citizen Singapore: How to Build a Nation. Giants of Asia Series. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-9812616760.
- Barr, Michael D. (2000). Lee Kuan Yew: The Beliefs Behind the Man. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-0878408160.
- Datta-Ray, Sunanda K. (2009). Looking East to Look West: Lee Kuan Yew's Mission India. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 978-9814279048.
- Gordon, Uri (2000). "Machiavelli's Tiger: Lee Kwan Yew and Singapore's Authoritarian regime".
- King, Rodney (2008). The Singapore Miracle, Myth and Reality (tol. la 2). Insight Press. ISBN 978-0977556700.
- Fernandez, Warren; Tan, Sumiko; Lam, Sally; Tay, Hwee Peng (2015). Lee Kuan Yew: The Man and His Ideas. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-9814677684.
- Lama, Murat (2016). Lee Kuan Yew: Singapour et le renouveau de la Chine (kwa Kifaransa). Paris: Manitoba/Les Belles Lettres. ISBN 978-2-251-89020-3.
- Minchin, James (1986). No Man is an Island: A Study of Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-0868619064.
- Bellows, Thomas J. (1989), "Singapore in 1988: The Transition Moves Forward", Asian Survey, 29 (2): 145–153, doi:10.2307/2644574, JSTOR 2644574
Tazama Pia
- Historia ya Singapore
- People's Action Party
- Uchumi wa Singapore
Marejeo
- Lee Kuan Yew. From Third World to First: The Singapore Story. Singapore: HarperCollins, 2000.
- "The Legacy of Lee Kuan Yew." BBC News, Machi 24, 2015.
- Official Website of the Singapore Government: www.gov.sg