Paraksantin

Paraksantin veya 1,7-dimetilksantin, ksantinin bir dimetil türevidir ve yapısal olarak kafeine benzer.

Üretim ve metabolizma

Paraksantinin bitkiler tarafından üretildiği bilinmemekle birlikte^[1] doğada hayvanlarda ve bazı bakteri türlerinde kafeinin bir metaboliti olarak gözlenmektedir.^[2] Alındıktan sonra, kafeinin kabaca %84'ü 3-pozisyonunda demetile edilerek paraksantin elde edilir ve bu da onu insanlarda kafeinin birincil metaboliti yapar.^[3]

Kaynakça

^ "Methylxanthines: Toxicity to humans. 3. Theobromine, paraxanthine and the combined effects of methylxanthines". Food and Chemical Toxicology (İngilizce). 26 (8): 725-733. 1 Ocak 1988. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(88)90073-7. ISSN 0278-6915. PMID 3058562. Birden fazla yazar-name-list parameters kullanıldı (yardım); Yazar |ad1= eksik |soyadı1= (yardım)
^ "Catabolism of caffeine in plants and microorganisms". Frontiers in Bioscience. 9 (1–3): 1348-59. May 2004. doi:10.2741/1339. PMID 14977550.
^ "Paraxanthine, the primary metabolite of caffeine, provides protection against dopaminergic cell death via stimulation of ryanodine receptor channels". Molecular Pharmacology. 74 (4): 980-9. October 2008. doi:10.1124/mol.108.048207. PMID 18621927.

g t d Uyarıcılar
Adamantan	Adapromin Amantadin Bromantan Memantin Rimantadin
Adenozin antagonistleri	8-Kloroteofilin 8-Siklopentilteofilin 8-Fenilteofilin Aminofilin Kafein CGS-15943 Dimetazan İstradefilin Paraksantin SCH-58261 Teobromin Teofilin
Alkilaminler	Siklopetamin Sipenamin Siprodenat Heptaminol İzometepten Levopropilheksedrin Metilheksanamin Oktodrin Propilheksedrin Tuaminoheptan
Ampakin	CX-516 CX-546 CX-614 CX-691 CX-717 IDRA-21 LY-404,187 LY-503,430 Nooglutyl Org 26576 PEPA S-18986 Sunifiram Unifiram
Arilsikloheksilamin	Benosiklidin Dietisiklidin Esketamin Etisiklidin Gasiklidin Ketamin Fensiklamin Fensiklidin Rolicyclidine Tenosiklidin Tiletamin
Benzazepin	6-Br-APB SKF-77434 SKF-81297 SKF-82958
Katinonlar	3-Florometkatinon 3,4-DMMC 4-BMC 4-CMC 4-Metilbüfedron 4-Metilkatinon 4-MEAP 4-Metilpentedron Amfepramon Benzedron Buphedrone Bupropion Bütilon Cathinone Dimetilkatinon Ethcathinone Etilon Flefedron Heksedron İzoetkatinon Mephedrone Methcathinone Methedrone Metilendioksikatinon Metilon Mexedrone N-Etilbuphedrone N-Etilheksidron Pentedron Pentilon Phthalimidopropiofenone
Kolinerjikler	A-84,543 A-366,833 ABT-202 ABT-418 AR-R17779 Altiniklin Anabasine Arecoline Bradaniklin Kotin Kisisin Diyaniklin Epibatidin Epiboksidin GTS-21 İsproniklin Nikotin PHA-543,613 PNU-120,596 PNU-282,987 Pozaniklin Rivanikline Sazetidin A SIB-1553A SSR-180,711 TC-1698 TC-1827 TC-2216 Tebanikline UB-165 Vareniklin WAY-317,538
Kasılmalar	Anatoksin-a Bikülün DMCM Flurotil Gabazin Pentetrazol Pikrotoksin Striknin Thujone
Eugeroik	Adrafinil Armodafinil CRL-40,940 CRL-40,941 Fluorenol Modafinil
Oksazolin	4-Metilaminoreks Aminorex Klominoreksi Siklazodon Fenozolon Fluminorex Pemolin Tozalinon
Fenetilaminler	1-(4-Metilfenil)-2-aminobütan 1-Metilamino-1-(3,4-metilendioksifenil) propan 2-Floroamfetamin 2-Florometamfetamin 2-OH-PEA 2-Fenil-3-aminobutan 2,3-MDA 3-Floroamfetamin 3-Floroethamfetamin 3-Metoksiamfetamin 3-Metilamfetamin 4-Floroamfetamin 4-Florometamfetamin 4-MA 4-MMA 4-MTA 6-FNE AL-1095 Alfetamin a-Etilfenetilamin Amfekloral Amfepentoreks Amidefrin 2-Amino-1,2-dihidronaftalin 2-Aminoindan 5-(2-Aminopropil) indol 2-Aminotetralin Acridorex Amfetamin (Dekstroamfetamin, Levoamfetamin) Amfetaminil Arbutamin β-Metilfenetilamin β-Fenilmetamfetamin Benfluorex Benzfetamin BDB BOH 3-Benzhidrilmorfolin BPAP Kamfetamin Katin Klorfentermin Silobamin Sinamedrin Clenbuterol Klobenzoreks Cloforex Klortermin Sipenamin Deprenyl Denopamin Dimetoksiamfetamin Dimetilamfetamin Dobutamin DOPA (Dekstrodopa, Levodopa) Dopamin Dopeksamin Droksidopa EBDB Efedrin Epinefrin Epinin Etafedrin Etilnorepinefrin Etilamfetamin Etilefrin Famprofazon fencamfamin Fencamin Fenetillin Fenfluramin (Dexfenfluramin, Levofenfluramin) Fenproporex Feprosidin Fludorex Formetorex Furfenorex Gepefrin Hekzapradol HMMA Hordenine 4-Hidroksiamfetamin 5-İyodo-2-aminoindan İbopamin İndanilampetamin İofetamin İzoetarin İzoprenalin Deprenyl (Selegilin) Lefetamin Lisdeksamfetamin Lofofin Metilendioksi metilfenetilamin Metilendioksi hidroksiamfetamin MBDB MDA (tenamfetamin) MDBU MDEA MDMA (midomafetamin) MDPR MDPEA Mefenorex Mefentermin Metanefrin Metaraminol Mezokarb Metamfetamin(Dekstrometamfetamin, Levometamfetamin) Metoksamin Metoksifenamin MMA Metoksifenamin MMDA MMDMA MMMA Morforex N,alfa-Dietilfeniletilamin N,N-Dimetilfenetilamin Naftilamfetamin Nisoksetin Noradrenalin Norepinefrin Norfenefrin Norfenfluramin Normetanefrin Norpsödoefedrin Oktopamin Orsiprenalin Ortetamin Oxifentorex Oksilofrin PBA PCA PCMA PHA Pentorex Fenatin Fenprometamin Phentermin Fenilalanin Fenilefrin Fenilpropanolamin Pholedrine PIA PMA PMEA PMMA PPAP Prenilamin Propilamfetamin Psödoefedrin Ropinirol Salbutamol (Levosalbutamol) Sibutramin Sildenafil Solriamfetol Sinefrin Teodrenalin Tiflorex Tranilsipromin Tiramin Tirozin Ksilopropamin Zilofuramin
Fenilmorfolinler	3-Florofenmetrazin Fenbutrazat Fenmetramid G-130 Manifaksin Morazon Morforex Oksaflozan PD-128,907 Fendimetrazin Fenmetrazin 2-Fenil-3,6-dimetilmorfolin Psödofenmetrazin Radafaksin
Piperazin	2C-B-BZP 3C-PEP BZP CM156 DBL-583 GBR-12783 GBR-12935 GBR-13069 GBR-13098 GBR-13119 MeOPP MBZP oMPP Vanokserin
Piperidin	1-Benzil-4-(2-(difenilmetoksi)etil)piperidin 2-Benzilpiperidin 2-Metil-3-fenilpiperidin 3,4-Diklorometilfenidat 4-Benzilpiperidin 4-Florometilfenidat 4-Metilmetilfenidat Desoxypipradrol Difemetorex Difenilpiralin Etilnaftidat Etilfenidat Metilnaftidat İzopropilfenidat JZ-IV-10 Metilfenidat (Deksmetilfenidat) Nocaine Fasetoperan Piprol Propilfenidat SCH-5472
Pirolidin	2-Difenilmetilpirolidin 4-Cl-PVP 5-DBFPV α-PPP α-PBP α-PCYP α-PHiP α-PHP α-PHPP α-PVP α-PVT Difenilprolinol DMPVP FPOP FPVP MDPPP MDPBP MPBP MPHP MPPP MOPVP MOPPP İndapirofenidon MDPV Nafiron PEP Picilorex Prolintan Pirovaleron
Rasetam	Oxiracetam Fenilpiracetam Fenilpiracetam hidrazid
Tropan	4-florotropakokain 4'-Florokokain Altropane (IACFT) Brasofensine Doping CFT (WIN 35.428) β-CIT (RTI-55) Cocaethylene Kokain Dikloropan (RTI-111) Difloropin FE-β-CPPIT FP-β-CPPIT Ioflupane (123I) Norkokain PIT PTT RTI-31 RTI-32 RTI-51 RTI-112 RTI-113 RTI-120 RTI-121 (IPCIT) RTI-126 RTI-150 RTI-177 RTI-229 RTI-336 RTI-354 RTI-371 RTI-386 Salisilmetilekgonin Tesofensin Troparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2) Tropoksan WF-23 WF-33
Triptaminler	4-HO-αMT 4-Metil-αET 4-Metil-αMT 5-Kloro-αMT 5-Floro-αMT 5-MeO-αET 5-MeO-αMT 5-MeO-DIPT 6-Floro-αMT 7-Metil-αET αET αMT
Diğer	2-MDP 3,3-Difenilsiklobütanamin Amfonelik asit Amineptin Amifenazol Atipamezol Atomoksetin Bemegride Benzidamin BTQ BTS 74,398 Sentanafadin Siklazindol Klofencilan Kropropamid Krotetamit D-161 Desipramin Diklofensin Dimetokain Efaroksan Etamivan Fenisorex Fenpentadiol Gamfexine Gilutensin GSK1360707F GYKI-52895 Hekzasiklonat İdazoksan İndanorex İndatralin JNJ-7925476 Lazabemid Leptacline Lomevactone LR-5182 Mazindol Meklofenoksat Medifoksamin Mefeksamid Metannetamin Methastiridon Metiyopropamin Naftilaminopropan Nefopam Niketamid Nomifensin O-2172 Okzaprotilin PNU-99,194 PRC200-SS Rasajilin Rauwolscine Rubidyum klorür Setazindol Tametralin Tandamin Tiyopropamin Tiyotinon Trazyum UH-232 Yohimbin